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Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind Brief introduction of review:1. The submissions have to be submitted by the EasyChair Submission System(EcSS).2. When submit his/her paper, each author confirms that he/she is aware of the Publication Ethics and the Privacy Policy form IOP publishing website.3. After submitting, all submissions undergo peer review, which controlled by EasyChair Submission System.4. Each submission is reviewed in a single-blind peer review process by 2 reviewers.5. Reviewers complete their task in the EcSS. They should prepare some comments/details for negative evaluations. Comments could be provided in EcSS, and private feedback for the other members of the Technical Committee.6. Some of the submissions could be rejected, due to low quality or because the research is out of the scope of CFP or failing in plagiarism check system.7. When the review process is completed, authors are informed about the final decision of the review committee. There is a possibility the author to be asked to make some minor or major modifications.8. Full-papers must be uploaded in needed formats(with the requirement of the Template) and be uploaded via EcSS. Authors could be encouraged to revise the papers because of the incorrectly formatted of references, grammar mistakes or other aspects; finally, we get the camera-ready papers.• Conference submission management system: EasyChair Submission System (https://www.easychair.org/)• Number of submissions received: 40 • Number of submissions sent for review: 40 • Number of submissions accepted:14 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100):35% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved:26 • Any additional info on review process: Turnitin(https://www.turnitin.com/)• Contact person for queries: The conference secretary: Ms. Marian(info@apsdp.net)

Quality Assessment Methods to Evaluate the Performance of Edge Detection Algorithms for Digital Image: A Systematic Literature Review

A segmentation process is usually required in order to analyze an image. One of the available segmentation approaches is by detecting the edges on the image. Up to now, there are many edge detection algorithms that researchers have proposed. Thus, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to investigate the available quality assessment methods that researchers have utilized to evaluate the performance of the edge detection algorithms. Due to the vast number of available literature in this area, we limit our search to only open-access publications. A systematic search in five publisher websites (i.e., IEEExplore, IET digital library, Wiley, MDPI, and Hindawi) and Scopus database was carried out to gather resources that are related to the edge detection algorithms. Seventy-three publications that are about developing or comparing edge detection algorithms have been chosen. From these publication samples, we have identified 17 quality assessment methods used by researchers. Among the popular quality assessment methods are visual inspection, processing time, confusion-matrix based measures, mean square error (MSE)-based measures, and figure of merit (FOM). This survey also indicates that although most of the researchers only use a small number of test images (i.e., less than 10 test images), there are available datasets with a larger number of images for digital image segmentation that researchers can utilize.

Book Review: EU Trade Law, Rafael Leal-Arcas

Book Review: EU Trade Law, by Rafael Leal-Arcas (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019, ISBN 9781788977401), 352 pp, £90,00. The eBook version is priced from £22/$31 from Google Play, ebooks.com and other eBook vendors, while in print the book can be ordered from the Edward Elgar Publishing website.   This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution − Non-Commercial − No Derivatives 4.0 International License.   Suggested citation: O Svoboda, ‘Book Review: EU Trade Law, Rafael Leal-Arcas (Edward Elgar Publishing 2019)’ 16 CYELP 375.

Correction to 'Marine conservation: towards a multi-layered network approach'.

You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Jacob Ute, Beckerman Andrew P., Antonijevic Mira, Dee Laura E., Eklöf Anna, Possingham Hugh P., Thompson Ross, Webb Thomas J. and Halpern Benjamin S. 2021Correction to ‘Marine conservation: towards a multi-layered network approach’Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B3762020045220200452http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0452SectionYou have accessCorrectionsCorrection to ‘Marine conservation: towards a multi-layered network approach’ Ute Jacob Ute Jacob http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-8526 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Andrew P. Beckerman Andrew P. Beckerman Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Mira Antonijevic Mira Antonijevic Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Laura E. Dee Laura E. Dee http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-1371 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Anna Eklöf Anna Eklöf Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Hugh P. Possingham Hugh P. Possingham Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Ross Thompson Ross Thompson Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Thomas J. Webb Thomas J. Webb http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-8116 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Benjamin S. Halpern Benjamin S. Halpern Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Ute Jacob Ute Jacob http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-8526 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Andrew P. Beckerman Andrew P. Beckerman Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Mira Antonijevic Mira Antonijevic Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Laura E. Dee Laura E. Dee http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-1371 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Anna Eklöf Anna Eklöf Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Hugh P. Possingham Hugh P. Possingham Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Ross Thompson Ross Thompson Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Thomas J. Webb Thomas J. Webb http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-8116 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Benjamin S. Halpern Benjamin S. Halpern Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:14 December 2020https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0452See original article.Marine conservation: towards a multi-layered network approachPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B375, 20190459. (Published 2 November 2020). (doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0459)The originally published version of this paper incorrectly listed author Andrew P. Beckerman's name without his middle initial. This has been corrected on the publisher's website. Previous ArticleNext Article FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesMarine conservation: towards a multi-layered network approachNov 2, 2020, 12:00:00 AMPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences This Issue01 February 2021Volume 376Issue 1817Theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’ compiled and edited by Peter Fazekas, Bence Nanay and Joel Pearson Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0452PubMed:33308077Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:0962-8436Online ISSN:1471-2970History: Published online14/12/2020Published in print01/02/2021 License:© 2020 The Author(s)Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Subjectsecology

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF INFORMATION TO SUPPORT A SET OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE BOOK PUBLISHING

Issues of supporting the book publishing as an economic activity by a set of statistical indicators are investigated. It is found out that the existing set of statistical indicators does not meet the needs of researchers and practitioners, which is the case of not only Ukraine, but the global book publishing area. The case of the Ukrainian book publishing is taken for analysis to identify core problems faced by this industry. It is emphasized that a comprehensive study of the book publishing industry and presentation of the statistical information with high level of quality and aggregation requires the involvement of new alternative sources of data, of which big data should be highlighted. The component of scientific novelty is that an updated system of statistical indicators is proposed for the first time, with eight modules of sources of statistical information as alternative ones: questionnaires, electronic books, digital libraries, websites of publishers and bookstores, electronic diaries of reading (Goodreads as an example), social networks (Instagram, Facebook, Telegram (open channels)), video hosts (YouTube being the most popular one), and blogs. It is stressed that all the modules of alternative data must be involved for obtaining reliable data, where output data will be processed anew and have direct and reverse links, which will require the use of neural networks with efferent type of links. This statistical support to the book publishing industry is an innovation designed to meet urgent needs of the public and official statistics.

Open Access: An analysis of European publisher copyright and licensing policies today

The digital age has brought authors of publications many more opportunities to gain further impact and visibility by sharing their work online through websites, pre-print servers, repositories, publishing platforms or other digital venues as well as journals. Publisher copyright policies have not always been enablers of these new practices but change is underway. Europe has also seen a surge in international, national and local Open Access (OA) policies in recent years, a significant one being Plan S with its requirements related to rights retention and open licensing. How far are publishers in supporting authors in this change?
 In early 2020 SPARC Europe commissioned a report to gain a better understanding of current copyright and licensing practices amongst scholarly journal publishers based in Europe and how these are presented to academic authors. The key purpose of the study was to provide evidence on how publisher policies support OA and to see whether the complexity of the copyright and self-archiving landscape amongst publishers has simplified over time. We also explored how Plan S-ready publishers were with regards to the first principle of their policy related to authors or their institutions being required to retain copyright to their publications, calling for all publications to be published under an open license, preferably CC BY, immediately and under no embargo.
 Research was undertaken on various levels: the 2020 study reviewed the copyright, self-archiving and open licensing policies from 10 large legacy publisher websites and then asked these publishers to verify these findings. We also analysed the policies of pure open access journals in Europe from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). To limit the scope, Europe was taken as the focus of this research.
 This paper will firstly demonstrate how diversely publishers present and share information on their copyright, licensing and self-archiving policies and how challenging this can be for authors and the institutions that support them. We will also share findings on the specifics of publisher policies be they hybrid or pure OA. For example, examining how far large publishers currently allow authors to retain publishing rights for articles, to what extent they allow zero embargoes when self-archiving or how far pure OA journals use the CC BY license.
 This paper ends by making a number of recommendations to publishers, research funders, institutions and authors to ultimately support authors to more easily navigate this policy landscape and to be able to publish immediate OA.

Correction to 'Symbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond'.

You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Natan Eviatar, Fitak Robert Rodgers, Werber Yuval and Vortman Yoni 2020Correction to ‘Symbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond’Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B3752020034820200348http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0348SectionYou have accessCorrectionsCorrection to ‘Symbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond’ Eviatar Natan Eviatar Natan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert Rodgers Fitak Robert Rodgers Fitak Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Yuval Werber Yuval Werber Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Yoni Vortman Yoni Vortman Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Eviatar Natan Eviatar Natan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert Rodgers Fitak Robert Rodgers Fitak Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Yuval Werber Yuval Werber Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Yoni Vortman Yoni Vortman Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:19 October 2020https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0348This article corrects the followingReview ArticleSymbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyondhttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0595 Eviatar Natan, Robert Rodgers Fitak, Yuval Werber and Yoni Vortman volume 375issue 1808Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences10 August 2020Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B375, 20190595. (2020; Published Online 10 August 2020). (doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0595)The originally published version of this paper incorrectly listed an Eviatar Natan's affiliation as The Aleph Laboratory. It should instead be The Aleph Lab. This has been corrected on the publisher's website. Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by YOSHIDA M, MOTOKAWA M and ENDO H (2022) Osteological and vascular morphology and electrolyte homeostasis of sea turtles, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 10.1292/jvms.21-0624, 84:7, (1001-1009), . Related articlesSymbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond10 August 2020Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences This Issue07 December 2020Volume 375Issue 1813Theme issue ‘Fifty years of sperm competition’ compiled and edited by Leigh W. Simmons and Nina Wedell Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0348PubMed:33070723Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:0962-8436Online ISSN:1471-2970History: Published online19/10/2020Published in print07/12/2020 License:© 2020 The Author(s)Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Subjectsbehaviourecologymicrobiology

Introduction to Volume 12, Issue 4 of topiCS

Introduction to Volume 12, Issue 4 of <i>topiCS</i>

Retraction

Previous articleNext article FreeRetractionOriginal articleJohannes Koder, Die Byzantiner: Kultur und Alltag im MittelalterPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreOn August 14, 2020, after research conducted by staff members and Review Editors of Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, the Editor and Publisher of Speculum determined that a review submitted by Spyros P. Panagopoulos of Johannes Koder, Die Byzantiner: Kultur und Alltag im Mittelalter (Vienna, Cologne, and Weimar: Böhlau, 2016) and published in Speculum 93/4 (October 2018): 1219–20 used language without appropriate citation from the publisher website and from a short notice written by Dr. Heike Talkenberger on the wissenschaft.de website. When notified of this discovery, the author agreed to retract his review.Speculum and its publisher, the University of Chicago Press, apologize for any harm done to the authors, publishers, and scholarly websites involved in this case. The review has been removed from all versions of the journal published on our website. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 95, Number 4October 2020 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/711388 Views: 164 Copyright 2020 by the Medieval Academy of America.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.Related articlesJohannes Koder, Die Byzantiner: Kultur und Alltag im Mittelalter19 Sep 2018Speculum

Polypyrrole-Promoted rGO–MoS2 Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 and H2O to CO, CH4, and H2 Products

Copyright: 2020, American Chemical Society. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file contains the abstract of the full-text item. For access to the full-text item, please consult the publisher's website.

Open Data and Open Access Articles: Exploring Connections in the Life Sciences

Objectives: This small-scale study explores the current state of connections between open data and open access (OA) articles in the life sciences. Methods: This study involved 44 openly available life sciences datasets from the Illinois Data Bank that had 45 related research articles. For each article, I gathered the OA status of the journal and the article on the publisher website and checked whether the article was openly available via Unpaywall and Research Gate. I also examined how and where the open data was included in the HTML and PDF versions of the related articles. Results: Of the 45 articles studied, less than half were published in Gold/Full OA journals, and while the remaining articles were published in Gold/Hybrid journals, none of them were OA. This study found that OA articles pointed to the Illinois Data Bank datasets similarly to all of the related articles, most commonly with a data availability statement containing a DOI. Conclusions: The findings indicate that Gold OA in hybrid journals does not appear to be a popular option, even for articles connected to open data, and this study emphasizes the importance of data repositories providing DOIs, since the related articles frequently used DOIs to point to the Illinois Data Bank datasets. This study also revealed concerns about free (not licensed OA) access to articles on publisher websites, which will be a significant topic for future research.

Interrogating Fractionation and Other Sources of Variability in Shotgun Proteomes Using Quality Metrics.

The increasing amount of publicly available proteomics data creates opportunities for data scientists to investigate quality metrics in novel ways. QuaMeter IDFree is used to generate quality metrics from 665 RAW files and 97 WIFF files representing publicly available "shotgun" mass spectrometry datasets. These experiments are selected to represent Mycobacterium tuberculosis lysates, mouse MDSCs, and exosomes derived from human cell lines. Machine learning techniques are demonstrated to detect outliers within experiments and it is shown that quality metrics may be used to distinguish sources of variability among these experiments. In particular, the findings demonstrate that according to nested ANOVA performed on an SDS-PAGE shotgun principal component analysis, runs of fractions from the same gel regions cluster together rather than technical replicates, close temporal proximity, or even biological samples. This indicates that the individual fraction may have had a higher impact on the quality metrics than other factors. In addition, sample type, instrument type, mass analyzer, fragmentation technique, and digestion enzyme are identified as sources of variability. From a quality control perspective, the importance of study design and in particular, the run order, is illustrated in seeking ways to limit the impact of technical variability.

David among Goliaths: Open access publishing in scientific (semi‐)periphery

AbstractThis case study analyses data on papers of Croatian authors published in 2017 from four Web of Science Core Collection citation indexes (SCI‐EXP, SSCI, AHCI, and ESCI). The primary dataset (5,176 articles and reviews) was divided into two subsets, the open access (OA) subset (2,964 papers) and non‐OA subset (2,212 papers). We also used the primary dataset to create a subset of papers published in Croatian journals (1,588) as opposed to foreign ones. All were screened for full‐text OA status, journal JCR quartile ranking, journal dominant discipline, and language of publication. OA papers prevailed with 74.4%. Most were available at publisher websites. The percentage of OA papers in Croatian journals was 99.8%. The share of OA papers was the highest in the humanities and social sciences, which also saw the highest share of papers in the Croatian language.Key points Three quarters of papers published by Croatian authors are available in open access (OA). Most papers are in English, even in Croatian journals; Croatian prevailed only in the humanities. Croatian journals are mostly non‐commercial, and many receive government subsidies, provided they are OA; they generally do not charge for article processing. The prevalence of OA over non‐OA papers is the highest in the humanities, followed by the social sciences. Open access publishing might increase international visibility of journals from periphery or semi‐periphery countries.

A Case Study in Outcomes on Open-Source Textbook Adoption in an Introduction to Art Class

This paper reports the outcome of a basic study in an Art 100: Introduction to Art class of 150 in which an Open Educational Resourced text was introduced. The study was the result of a survey done at the end of the semester with a review of the grades of one section using the OER text when compared to a comparable section using a commercial text. Each section was taught by the same instructor in the same semester. The study examines the cost to students, as well as student outcomes, use, and perception of the OER text among those completing the course. The OER text was compiled from two primary open resources, along with material written by the instructor to bring it into line with the publisher text used for comparison in the study. Chapters of the OER text were posted on the course LMS as pdfs, along with reading quizzes and assessments corresponding to those in the comparison course created and accessed on the publisher's online site. By comparing the outcomes from each class through the University's metrics-gathering system, and by collecting the perceptions of the course through an end-of-semester survey it was determined that there was a positive result in outcomes in the section using the OER text and that students believed their text to be the equal of a published text. Additionally, they reported actually accessing and reading the OER text chapters as opposed to not purchasing a required text for a class in the past. Initial results indicate that an OER text in a Foundations Introduction to Art garners positive results for students. Because the use of an Open text in the discipline of Art Appreciation or Art History is quite uncommon at present, we believe this study to be a valuable contribution to the data.

Heterostructured Redox‐Active V2O5/SnO2 Oxide Nanocatalyst for Aqueous‐Phase Oxidation of Furfural to Renewable Maleic Acid

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the synthesis of heterostructured V2O5/SnO2 nanocatalysts with varying vanadium metal loadings of 5–30 wt %. The catalytic performance of the designed catalysts was evaluated in the oxidation reaction of furfural to maleic acid using hydrogen peroxide. The synthesis method afforded highly dispersed nanosized VOx species with predominant exposed V5+ and V4+ on SnO2 oxide. Such structural interface developments of the heterostructured V2O5/SnO2 catalyst resulted into modified electronic structure; phase compositions and textural properties of the individual V and Sn metal oxides with respect to varying V‐metal loadings, which lead to improved catalytic performances. Under optimized reaction conditions, a 60 % yield of maleic acid was achieved in furfural oxidation reaction. Based on characterization results, the high surface area and low V‐metal loading (∼9.3 wt % vanadium) presented the most redox active V2O5/SnO2 catalyst. At low V‐metal loadings the catalyst is populated with the presence of VOx monomeric and polymeric species which are proposed to induce the highly active vanadium sites. This was confirmed for the most active catalyst to possess vanadium with the predominant V4+ state and superoxide oxygen. The catalytic performance showed by V2O5/SnO2 present a solid catalyst derived from earth‐abundant and cheap metals for the catalytic oxidation upgrade of biomass typical furfural to important value‐added maleic acid intermediate chemical.

Book public pages in Instagram

The peculiarity of the Russian-language Instagram segment is that for many users it has become the platform for text self-expression and discussions (including on reading issues). This explains the fact that many publishers and bookstores create their own Instagram accounts to promote book products. The purpose of the article is to identify the marketing potential of book public pages in Instagram. The author sets the following tasks: to identify successful practices of publishers and bookselling organizations in Instagram; analyze them from the point of view of text content, visual design; identify the main forms of users engagement; calculate the engagement rate (ER); identify possible "recipes" for the success of book public pages. Viewing the official websites of publishers and bookstores allowed the identification of book public posts with a significant number of subscribers and that of forms to attract users, and the determination of content features and visual design. A comparison of the activity level of public pages: @ eksmolive and @mifbooks of two major publishing houses. For this purpose, the number of posts, likes and comments for the period from 23.10.2019 to 22.11.2019 was calculated, as well as the engagement rate using the ER method. The author comes to the conclusion that the Instagram is widely used by publishing organizations and booksellers as a promising platform for book promotion and reading support, active exchange of information with the audience, increasing people’s loyalty, brand promotion, organization of direct sales. Effectiveness of the presence of booksellers in Instagram largely depends on the competent segmentation of the audience, the uniqueness of the content and visual design, and the use of various techniques and methods to enhance user engagement.

Digital publishing readiness in Nigeria’s print book market

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the extent of production of digital book titles and deployment of e-promotion and how they correlate with school, library, bookshop, consumer and author readiness, with a view to enhancing publishers’ understanding of and participation in e-publishing, which is now crucial for growth and sustainabilityDesign/methodology/approachA questionnaire was completed by 109 publishing firms, 79 publishing websites were observed in search of digital titles and e-promotion, and data were analysed using the SPSS to compute frequencies, percentages and correlates of digital publishing innovation adoptionFindingsIt is found that 2014 digital titles (mainly textbooks and scholarly content) were issued in four formats by 33 out of 109 firms. Authors and consumers were perceived to be more digital-ready than libraries, schools and bookshops. There was a significant relationship between the issuance of digital titles and author readiness (r = 0. 372), consumer readiness (r = 0.338) and library readiness (r = 0.255). There was also a significant relationship between the adoption of e-promotion and consumer readiness (r = 0.381) and author readiness (r = 0.265).Originality/valueBook publishing innovation research, especially in Africa, focuses mainly on the adoption of mobile devices, infrastructural challenges and reading habits, paying inadequate attention to the correlates of digital publishing adoption. The results of this study, therefore, shed light on the correlates of digital publishing adoption and should help interested publishers and scholars to understand that author, consumer and library readiness are important determinants of digital publishing adoption, especially in developing economies.

THE STATE OF OA: A LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF OPEN ACCESS ARTICLES

Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigate OA in three populations: (1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least 28% of the scholarly literature is OA (19M in total) and that this proportion is growing, driven particularly by growth in Gold and Hybrid. The most recent year analyzed (2015) also has the highest percentage of OA (45%). Because of this growth, and the fact that readers disproportionately access newer articles, we find that Unpaywall users encounter OA quite frequently: 47% of articles they view are OA. Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license. We also examine the citation impact of OA articles, corroborating the so-called open-access citation advantage: accounting for age and discipline, OA articles receive 18% more citations than average, an effect driven primarily by Green and Hybrid OA. We encourage further research using the free oaDOI service, as a way to inform OA policy and practice.

Vindication of Professional Reputation Arising from Defamatory Online Publications

This article identifies the growing phenomenon of professionals suing their clients/patients for online defamation of their professional status and reputation. It reviews the phenomenon of ratings websites and scrutinises the growing popularity of such forms of feedback, identifying benefits but also detriments of such sites, especially when they are commercially influenced or unregulated. It notes that adverse feedback can be legitimate and helpful for both consumers and professionals but that it can also be the product of distress, anger and malice. This article reviews key court decisions in Germany, England, Canada and Australia where actions by disgruntled practitioners against clients/patients and/or publishing websites have succeeded in spite of the traditional diffidence on the part of professionals to engage in such litigation. It argues that the phenomena of defamation actions taken by professionals against their clients/patients and attempts to secure injunctive relief to prevent ongoing publication of false and reputation-damaging material are likely to grow in light of the potential for disinhibited and damaging publications by aggrieved persons on social media and other online forums.

Hmong Songs of Memory: Traditional Secular and Sacred Hmong Music; Essays, Images, and Film by Victoria Vorreiter

Reviewed by: Hmong Songs of Memory: Traditional Secular and Sacred Hmong Music; Essays, Images, and Film by Victoria Vorreiter Terry Miller (bio) Hmong Songs of Memory: Traditional Secular and Sacred Hmong Music; Essays, Images, and Film. Victoria Vorreiter. [Chiangmai], TH: Resonance Press, 2016. ix + 267 pp., color illustrations, one map, glossaries, bibliography, + one DVD (75 min.). ISBN: 9780998123905 (hardcover), $90.00; ISBN: 9780998123912 (film) $65.00 + $20.00 shipping from Thailand. Publisher website: http://www.TribalMusicAsia.com. Encountering either of Victoria Vorreiter's books, Hmong Songs of Memory: Traditional Secular and Sacred Hmong Music or Songs of Memory: Traditional Music of the Golden Triangle (Resonance Press, 2009), in a Bangkok bookstore, one cannot help but become engrossed in her artistic design as well as her books' amazing array of eye-catching color photos, all printed and bound by a high-end company in Hong Kong. Vorreiter, however, is not just a gifted artist who produces her own photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, [End Page 127] and design but also a skilled ethnologist with extensive musical training and a penchant for detail. The result is an unusual combination of solid ethnography and artistic presentation. Although Vorreiter originally studied Western music as a classical violinist, a number of mentors inspired her to change direction—including ethnomusicologist William Malm at the University of Michigan; composer/author Paul Bowles, who recorded traditional Moroccan music; and Shinichi Suzuki, who taught her mother tongue (oral tradition) pedagogical method around the world. These influences eventually led Vorreiter to northern Thailand, where she has worked for thirteen years as an independent researcher. Her earlier book, Songs of Memory, is essentially an extended guide to the elaborate exhibits of upland musical instruments, clothing, and other kinds of material culture that she has mounted for museums, universities, and cultural societies. In this book she covers the music of six ethnic groups (Karen, Hmong, Mien, Lahu, Ahka, and Lisu) in a text linked to a CD of the same name intended to accompany her exhibits. An "Instrument Archives" at the end of the book illustrates and describes 106 upland instruments, certainly the most complete inventory yet compiled. Her newest volume, Hmong Songs of Memory, concentrates on a single ethnic group, based on extensive fieldwork in both northern Thailand and the PDR Lao. Vorreiter divides her study into two unequal parts, the first on Hmong secular music (64 pp.) and the second on sacred music (185 pp.). Because she has approached this study as an ethnographer rather than as an ethnomusicologist, her attention is focused on genres and instruments instead of the analysis of musical sound. Indeed, associating the word "music" with the Hmong is somewhat problematic in that what sounds like Hmong "melodies" to outsiders are actually poems recited in heightened speech. The apparent musical characteristics of both recited poetry and surrogate-speech instrumental realizations are derived in part from speech tones, although within a simple scale or mode. What Vorreiter has provided instead is the text of a complete vocal ballad (performed on the accompanying DVD) in both romanized Hmong and English translation. The Hmong text, however, makes use of the RPA (Romanized Popular Alphabet), a system not of her making first developed in the 1950s that combines consonant-vowel with tone, the result of which is extremely challenging for those not familiar with it. For example, a ballad is known as Kwv Tshiaj, but I found myself unable to sort out her perfectly logical analysis of the poetry using all the proper terms. For example, she writes, "The majority of kwv txhiaj performances are based on four bi txwm, with eight corresponding ib sab txwm" (18). Vorreiter, however, also offers English phonetic pronunciations for every Hmong word when it is first [End Page 128] introduced and explains both the meaning and context. The RPA romanizations also appear as subtitles in the video recording. Part I also focuses on four musical instruments: ncas (lamellophone), raj ntsaws (side-blown flute), raj lev les (single idioglottic aerophone, or "folk clarinet"), and rab qeej (free-reed mouth organ). After she discusses the construction, making, use, and repertoire of each instrument, the poetic text that is realized in the DVD performance is presented in...