Published Patent Applications Research Articles

Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN): A Patent Review Since 2016-Present.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a key metabolic enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and is an essential target for multiple disease progressions like cancer, obesity, NAFLD, etc. Aberrant expression of FASN is associated with deregulated energy metabolism of cells in these diseases. This article provides a summary of the most recent developments in the discovery of novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic uses in cancer, obesity, and other metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 2016 to the present. The recently published patent applications and forthcoming clinical data of FASN inhibitors from both academia and the pharma industries are also highlighted in this study. The implication of FASN in multiple diseases has provided an impetus for developing novel inhibitors by both pharma companies and academia. Critical analysis of the patent literature reveals the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds to identify potential FASN inhibitors that target the different catalytic domains of the enzyme. In spite of these multifaceted efforts, only one molecule, TVB-2640, has reached phase II trials for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and many malignancies. However, thecombined efforts of pharma companies to produce several FASN inhibitors might facilitate the clinical translation of this unique class of inhibitors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts towards developing multiple FASN inhibitors by pharma companies might facilitate the clinical translation of this novel class of inhibitors.

Comparison of characteristics of patent applications among regions in Japan where patent applications are increasing

In this paper, approximately 2,326,000 published patent applications applied between 2010 and 2019 by Japanese applicants in Japan were collected. 5 prefectures where patent applications much increased between 2010 and 2019 were identified, and their characteristics were analyzed. It was observed that they could be classified according to the diversity of the applicants and the IPC sections that contributed to the increase in patent applications. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a new model to classify regional patent application capability maturity. This model is useful for national and prefectural policy-makers to know the recommended policy to improve the maturity level of the target region and to assess the effectiveness of the implemented policy from the viewpoint of increases in patent applications.

Technical concepts of automotive LiDAR sensors: a review

Automotive LiDAR sensors are seen by many as the enabling technology for higher-level autonomous driving functionalities. Different concepts to design such a sensor can be found in the industry. Some have already been integrated into consumer cars while many others promise to be in mass production soon to become cost-effective enough for broad deployment. However, automotive LiDAR sensors are still evolving and a variety of sensor designs are pursued by different companies. Here, we construct the automotive LiDAR design space to visually depict system design options for these sensors. Subsequently, we exemplify the concepts with drawings that can be found in published patent applications (focusing on scanning mechanisms and scan patterns) before discussing their advantages and challenges.

Progress with YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present)

Introduction The Hippo pathway represents a new opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) or TEAD has been demonstrated in cancers and YAP is known to mediate resistance to cancer drugs. Since 2018, the potential of this pathway has been illustrated by numerous articles and patents and the first drugs entering in clinical trial phase 1. Areas covered The present review is limited to published patent applications that have disclosed direct small molecule inhibitors of the YAP/TAZ–TEAD interaction. Expert opinion The YAP/TAZ–TEAD transcriptional complex is a promising target for the treatment of cancer. Approximately thirty international patents (used database: Sci-finder, query: TEAD; documents: patents; period: from 2017-January 2022) that disclose TEAD transcriptional inhibitors have been filled since 2018. The mechanism of action is not always described in the patents, we can divide the drugs into three different categories: (i) external TEAD ligands; (ii) non-covalent TEAD ligands of the palmitate pocket; (iii) covalent TEAD ligands which bind into the palmitate pocket. The first molecules in clinical trial phase 1 are non-covalent TEAD ligands although their exact structures is not known. The selective TEAD ligand have also been patented, published and selectivity could be of great interest for personalized medicine.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Methodologies to Chronic Wound Care and Management: A Scoping Review.

Significance: As the number of hard-to-heal wound cases rises with the aging of the population and the spread of chronic diseases, health care professionals struggle to provide safe and effective care to all their patients simultaneously. This study aimed at providing an in-depth overview of the relevant methodologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and their potential implementation to support these growing needs of wound care and management. Recent Advances: MEDLINE, Compendex, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE databases were all searched for new AI methods or novel uses of existing AI methods for the diagnosis or management of hard-to-heal wounds. We only included English peer-reviewed original articles, conference proceedings, published patent applications, or granted patents (not older than 2010) where the performance of the utilized AI algorithms was reported. Based on these criteria, a total of 75 studies were eligible for inclusion. These varied by the type of the utilized AI methodology, the wound type, the medical record/database configuration, and the research goal. Critical Issues: AI methodologies appear to have a strong positive impact and prospects in the wound care and management arena. Another important development that emerged from the findings is AI-based remote consultation systems utilizing smartphones and tablets for data collection and connectivity. Future Directions: The implementation of machine-learning algorithms in the diagnosis and managements of hard-to-heal wounds is a promising approach for improving the wound care delivered to hospitalized patients, while allowing health care professionals to manage their working time more efficiently.

Gene delivery & gene editing platform evolution

Dr Rodino-Klapac is a gene therapy pioneer who has dedicated her professional life to advancing medicines designed to treat genetically based diseases. With professional experience across industry and academia, she is renowned for her contributions to molecular genetics and gene therapy that have advanced the field. She is author to a vast body of published, peer-reviewed work, the recipient of multiple awards, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Fellow appointee, and current Board member of the Association for Regenerative Medicine, as well as a member of the American Society for Gene and Cell Therapy, the American Academy of Neurology, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is the former head of the Laboratory for Gene Therapy Research at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, established the Gene Therapy Center of Excellence within Sarepta and leads the Company’s Gene Editing Innovation Center, directing a team of researchers to discover and develop novel gene replacement and gene editing therapies. She co-founded and served as chief scientific officer of Myonexus Therapeutics, a gene therapy company focused on limb-girdle muscular dystrophies acquired by Sarepta in 2019. She currently serves as Sarepta’s Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer. Her work has led to 11 investigational new drug applications and she is the co-inventor of SRP-9001, an investigational micro-dystrophin gene therapy, and the inventor of five investigational gene therapies for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. She is the inventor of over 50 US and over 70 international published patent applications. She earned her PhD in molecular genetics form the Ohio State University and graduated summa cum laude from Kings College in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology.

MOKSLINĖ-TECHNINĖ PAŽANGA LIETUVOJE PASKELBTŲ PATENTINIŲ PARAIŠKŲ POŽIŪRIU

The tasks of the article are: 1) to survey the EU and the Lithuania documents about RD 2) to analysis the situation of published applications according to date of filing the application; 3) to determine the main R&D smart specialization directions according to published subclasses of International Patent Classification. To achieve these goals the analysis of scientific literature and survey research was used. The study reviewed 2005–2013 the Lithuanian State patent official Gazette and implemented published patent applications situation analysis. KEY WORDS: EU and Lithuanian documents, intellectual property, invention, patent information, smart specialization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/rfds.v12i1.692

KNOWLEDGE SPREAD IN LITHUANIA IN TERMS OF PUBLISHED PATENT APPLICATIONS

published patent applications. All published applications for inventions subdivided into the three groups. The number of applicants (inventors) in the separate application are ascertained. The number of published applications in the International Patent Classification sections for the 2005-2014 years are ascertained. Selecting published applications R&D and high technology development directions are described. KEY WORDS: knowledge creation, knowledge value, intellectual capital, patent application. JEL CODES: D80, O31, O34. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v14i3.869

Динаміка світових технологічних трендів у розрізі патентних даних

In modern dynamic digital conditions of interaction with external stakeholders, the future success of companies directly depends on their innovative activity, effective implementation into business processes of research and development results in the field of new technologies. The rapid development of technologies in recent years accelerates the spread of innovations, which leads to increased competition, so the organization’s ability to implement process innovations to increase its own competitiveness will determine its effectiveness and efficiency in the future. The article explores the main global technological trends by fixating on the technological spheres with the maximum number of published patent applications, as well as the average increase in the number of applications for a ten-year period in the context of technological industries. A comparison of business areas, whose representatives hold the highest rating positions in the annual world researches of innovation and success (brand value) of companies, is carried out. According to the results of the research, the most patentable technological industries are identified, which included, speaking of electrical engineering, the following: electric machines, devices, energy; digital communication and computer technologies. Among chemical technologies, the largest number of published applications was recorded in such sectors as: pharmaceuticals; chemistry of basic materials, chemical engineering. In the field of machine building, the largest number of applications was published in the transport industry sector and in relation to other special machines. The highest values of the average growth of the mentioned indicator are observed in such areas as IT methods in management, food chemistry, ecological technologies, chemical machine building, other special machines and machine-tool building. The regional aspect of technology patenting is also specified, which consists in shifting innovation activity in the emerging technological spheres towards Asian countries. The most active companies in patenting were State Grid Corp of China, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Toyota Jidosha KK, IBM, Huawei Technologies, Samsung Electronics.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES: ANALYSIS OF PATENT TRENDS

Based on the analysis of the Reports of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO), the European Patent Office (EPO), the patent landscape in the field of AI technology was studied. The definition of AI is given, inventive and patent activity on AI technologies, companies, inventors-patent owners and geographical regions are shown, forecast estimations are given, the importance of IP in ensuring national security is emphasized. According to the study, the number of published patent applications related to AI has increased by 400% over the last decade, and the number of patent applications using AI technology filed in the United States between 2002 and 2018 has doubled. In 2020, the United States and Europe are leaders in computer technology, but growth is provided by Asia. However, the United States is the world’s leading country of origin for applications for inventions in this field. This reflects the strengths of the United States in core software technologies (operating systems, databases, cloud computing), basic AI (neural networks, deep learning, rule-based systems), three-dimensional systems, and the healthcare sector. Annual European patent applications for AI have grown tenfold over the last decade to more than 800 applications in 2020. At the same time, the contribution of American applicants to the overall submission of AI applications decreased, and the number of AI registration applications from Chinese applicants increased more than 10 times. The United States is losing its early advantage in AI innovation within the country. It is concluded that AI is one of the most important dual-use technologies, which has a multiplier effect, transforms the economy and society and promotes global digital transformation. AI is now seen as a new challenge for the economy and the legal system, a new phenomenon, a legal phenomenon in the structure of legal relations, a new object of regulation.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СТАВКИ НДС НА МОДЕЛЬ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИМПОРТЕРОВ ПАЛЬМОВОГО МАСЛА)

The article discusses the problem of the reducing life quality of Russians in the new conditions of the market economy. The Russian phenomenon of the use of “palm oil” as a priority raw material in food production is analyzed against the decrease in its use in the EU countriesand against the expansion of the daily diet of the Chinese due to increased dairy food consumption. Opposing points of view of key industry associations (the Dairy Union of Russia and the Fat and Oil Union of Russia) have been identified and are presented in the context of palm oil use in dairy food production. The results of a statistical study of the demand for palm oil from Russian importers against the background of an increase in the value-added tax rate from 10 to 20% in October 2019 are presented. The data of customs statistics on palm oil imports were analyzed in the context of countries of origin, nine codes of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, months and years within the five-year period of 2016–2020, as well as in the context of the importing regions of Russia. The results of statistical processing of data by the Federal Customs Service revealed no effect of the sharp increase in the VAT rate on the volume of palm oil imports. The analysis of foreign statistics revealed a significant presence of actors in the chemical industry among transnational companies that are the largest consumers of palm oil. The model of entrepreneurial behavior based on consumption in palm oil production, formed and widely spread in the Russian food industry market, is criticized. 98% of palm oil and its fractions imported into Russia goes to the needs of food industry enterprises, and the authors consider that the foreign ownership of these enterprises plays an important role. In the authors’ opinion, in many respects, the latter fact determined our country’s ranking first in the food chemistry sector in the distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins in 2014–2016. In this respect, Russia is far ahead of China, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the UK,France, and Switzerland. In China, systematic research is being carried out on the ratio of palm oil use in the food (primarily, instant noodles, other fast food) and non-food (chemical industry, including cosmetics production) sectors.

The overlooked citations: Investigating the impact of ignoring citations to published patent applications

Abstract A utility patent application may result in two citable documents: a published patent application (PPA) and a patent if the application is granted. Most analytic works consider only citations to the patent and ignore those to the PPA. This study gathers more than 270,000 U.S. utility patents granted in 2014 and their PPAs, and compares their citation counts up to 2018. Statistics show that citations to patents, on the average, account for less than 50 % of those to the patents and their PPAs combined together, indicating a significant underestimation to the value or impact of the patents. The degree of depreciation is worse when the time gaps between patents and their PPAs are longer, as the PPAs not only have accumulated citations for a longer period, but also individually, concurrently, and continuously receive citations after the patent is granted. This study further applies Main Path Analysis to a conventional citation network involving only citations to the patents and another network augmented with those to the PPAs, using empirical data from United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Cancer Moonshot Patent Data. The main path derived from the augmented network is almost entirely different from that of the conventional network.

Modeling Patent Clarity

This article demonstrates the importance of patent clarity to both the social benefits and private value of patent rights. It employs sophisticated machine learning techniques to model patent clarity, and it uses these models to study how patent clarity relates to cumulative innovation and patent enforcement. Specific policy proposals for improving patent clarity are then derived from these results. A variety of machine learning models are trained on a large dataset of U.S. patent applications. Features are constructed based on the language attributes of over 2 million published patent applications, drawing from advances in computational linguistics. The resulting models achieve greater than 70% accuracy, thereby enabling direct empirical study of patent clarity. Using these models, this article examines how patent clarity relates to cumulative innovation. Patents serve a public function by disclosing new and useful technical information that other inventors can learn from. A significant positive correlation is observed between patent clarity and cumulative innovation by third party inventors. Next, the relationship between clarity and patent enforcement is investigated. Litigation theory teaches that unclear legal rights can give rise to and exacerbate disputes. Both relationships are observed empirically. As patent clarity decreases, there is a significant increase in both the likelihood of infringement actions and the duration of these cases. These results suggest that improving clarity could yield benefits for patent holders and follow-on innovators alike. This article concludes by proposing targeted initiatives to improve the clarity of U.S. patents.

Corrected Measures for Patent Citation Analysis: Accounting for Published Patent Applications

This article investigates patent citations made to published patent applications. Although citations to patent publications are conceptually indistinguishable from citations to granted patents, they are omitted from all standard measures. We find that publication citations are a large and growing portion of patent citations, and that they differ statistically from citations to granted patents on several important dimensions. We conclude that omitting publication citations is likely to generate biased measures, and that standard measures of patent citations should be corrected. We release our computer code and corrections for future use.

Evolution of CAR T-cell immunotherapy in terms of patenting activity.

An analysis of published patent applications in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy allows insight into the development of this emerging technology.

E-Parking: Multi-agent Smart Parking Platform for Dynamic Pricing and Reservation Sharing Service

Parking is a key element of a sustainable urban mobility policy. It plays a fundamental role in travel planning and transport management, as the foremost vector of modal choice, but also as a potential means of freeing up public spaces. In this article we define the smart parking concept, as an application of smart mobility, present a historical analysis of the evolution of smart parking framework and show a statistical analysis of the published patent applications in this field around the world using the ORBIT database. Then, we propose a new smart parking architecture based on multi-agent features. Finally, we introduce the e-Parking system, platform to improve the driver experience of crowded cities. It provides real-time parking prices and offers a reservation and guidance services. In addition, the system assigns an optimal parking for a driver based on the user’s requirements that combine proximity to destination, parking cost and dwell time, while ensuring a fair sharing of public space among users and improves traffic conditions. Our approach is based on dynamic pricing policy. Our scheme is suitable for mixed-usage areas, as it considers the presence of reserved and not reserved driver in the same parking area.

Hippo pathway inhibition by blocking the YAP/TAZ–TEAD interface: a patent review

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Hippo pathway represents a new and intriguing opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Activation or overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been shown to lead to cell transformation and tumor development. To date, no small molecule compounds targeting this pathway have progressed to the clinic, illustrating both its potential and its infancy.Areas covered: The present review seeks to summarize published patent applications from assignee companies that have disclosed direct small molecule inhibitors of the YAP/TAZ–transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) interaction.Expert opinion: The Hippo pathway, and specifically the YAP/TAZ–TEAD transcriptional complex, has been shown to be a promising target for the treatment of cancer. However, reports in the area of small molecules targeting the YAP/TAZ–TEAD transcriptional activation complex are few and far between, with only two published patent applications that disclose compounds with moderate levels of pathway inhibition. Interestingly, the YAP/TAZ–TEAD complex can be disrupted through two very different mechanisms, one of which is direct inhibition at either the Ω-loop or the α-helix of the YAP–TEAD binding interface. Both YAP protein segments have been shown to be important to TEAD binding. Alternatively, it has been reported that allosteric inhibition might be accomplished by binding the TEAD palmitoylation pocket, thus disrupting YAP binding and also native protein stabilization. The advantages and liabilities of disrupting the YAP/TAZ–TEAD complex through these two distinct mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated, and it remains unclear which approach, if any, will generate the first clinical stage inhibitor of the Hippo pathway.

Analysis of the patent documentation coverage of the CPC in comparison with the IPC with a focus on Asian documentation

In this study we analyse the patent documentation coverage of the Cooperative Patent Classification system (CPC) in comparison with the coverage of the International Patent Classification system (IPC). We demonstrate that for patent searchers the coverage in terms of patent families is more relevant than the coverage in terms of patent documents. Of all the patent families classified in the IPC only about one third thereof is currently classified in the CPC. Most of the patent families that are not classified in the CPC are patent families including published patent applications filed at the three major Asian patent offices (JPO, KIPO and SIPO). We demonstrate a method of comparing the CPC patent documentation coverage to the IPC patent documentation coverage down to IPC subgroup level and how this can be applied to improve the efficiency of classification based search. The coverage of the CPC relative to the IPC must be understood in terms of: the CPC being assigned to families, and the IPC being assigned to individual documents. Furthermore, the CPC has only been implemented relatively recently compared to the IPC, with SIPO and KIPO focusing on the classification of their front files in the CPC.

Novel platinum compounds and nanoparticles as anticancer agents.

Since the approval of cisplatin in 1979, platinum-based drugs have been regularly used in cancer chemotherapy as a first-line treatment or with the combination of other nonplatinum drugs. Subsequent approval of second- and third-generation drugs such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin respectively, has widened the therapeutic achievement of platinum compounds. There are few other platinum drugs approved recently and many other new drugs as well as the formulations of the old ones are going through clinical trials now. Considering the astonishing achievement of these drugs, analyses on the overall scenario of the patent applications on platinum compounds have become the priority to the scientific community. This review summarizes the published patent applications on the novel platinum anticancer compounds from 2012 to 2017 (August).

3D-QSAR (CoMFA, CoMSIA) and Molecular Docking Studies on Histone Deacetylase 1 Selective Inhibitors.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. There are numerous published patent applications till 2017. It was claimed that novel HDACIs were optimized as potential drug candidates, designed for regional or systemic release, and created as significant inhibitors. In the present study, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking were used to provide a theoretical basis for finding highly potent anti-tumor drugs. QSAR was used to generate models and predict the HDAC1 inhibitory activity using the Sybyl program (x1.2 version). Biaryl benzamides (n=73) as selective HDAC1 inhibitors were selected as our data set, which was split randomly into training (n=63) and test sets (n=10). Docking was carried out using the MOE software. Partial least square was used as QSAR model-generation method. External validation and cross-validation (leave-one-out and leave-10-out) were used as validation methods. Both CoMFA (q2, 0.663; rncv 2 , 0.909) and CoMSIA models (q2, 0.628; rncv 2 , 0.877) for training set yielded significant statistical results. The predictive ability of the derived models was examined by a test set of 10 compounds and external validation results displayed rpred 2 and rm 2 values of 0.767 and 0.664 for CoMFA and 0.722 and 0.750 for CoMSIA, respectively. The obtained models showed a good predictive ability in both internal and external validation and could be used for designing new biaryl benzamides as potent HDAC1 inhibitors in cancer treatment. The amido and amine groups of benzamide part as scaffold and the bulk groups as a hydrophobic part were key factors to improve inhibitory activity of HDACIs.