Economist Publications Research Articles

FEATURES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND BUSINESS: THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the study is to assess the role of the state in business management in the context of the experience accumulated over the years of new industrialization and medium-term tasks for the formation of an export-oriented economy with high added value.Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the key provisions set forth in the scientific publications of economists on various aspects of business management. The scientific and methodological apparatus includes a causal and current analysis of statistical data on the state of business in Kazakhstan. The basis for assessing the interaction between the state and business, the measures of state support for industry used are the concepts and concepts traditionally used in the study of entrepreneurial activity.The originality / value of the study lies in the rationale for the transition from disparate tools of state support for business to a comprehensive system of stimulating its development.The results of the study revealed the main reasons hindering the promotion of business in the domestic market and the entry of industrial enterprises into international markets. An assessment of various measures of state support for business within the framework of industrial policy is given. It is shown that both the implementation of state programs, despite significant funds, and measures of state support, have a supporting value on the manufacturing industry of Kazakhstan, which determines the pace of development of the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole, to a greater extent. Recommendations for building the capacity of industrial entrepreneurship have been developed and key areas of state regulation of entrepreneurship in the medium term have been identified.

Conceptualization of National Identity in International Media: Case-study of The Economist Publications

National identity, an ever-important concept, today is arguably more verbalized and publicized than at any other time in history. Its media representation both reveals people’s understanding of the idea and serves as a medium of shaping the identity itself, being a powerful tool in the hands of political elites. At the same time in a quest of providing the target audience with a balanced and acceptable view of the reality, global media seek to express their own distinguishable stance. The Economist , a British based global media outlet, is an example of these processes. Value of the events covered lies both in their newsworthiness, and the outer sentiment of journalists that is conveyed to readers. Overall, discourse analysis of media texts may reveal a lot about conceptualization of certain phenomena. And this research of empirical data has identified main conceptual fields and blocks that make up our understanding of what it takes to identify oneself as one nation. Looking into discursive construction of national identity means distinguishing national identity from similar and related concepts and evaluating its role in the processes that take place in the world today. National identity is a complex phenomenon that lies at the core of collective and personal identity alike. For groups of people, nations, it represents an in-group that is — counterintuitively — artificial and illusionary and comes from a natural human desire for the sense of belonging. However, the resulting national identity functions on its own as a symbol of a state. Thus territory, location of a state on the world map, is one of the key features of national identity. Contested national borders and challenged sovereignty made up a majority of national identity issues covered in the analyzed materials of The Economist . There are multiple factors that influence national identity, politics being one of its major drivers. Research shows that it works mostly at the level of national politics and occurs mostly in the context of elections and partisanship. Another significant factor that brings national identity into the spotlight of media is transformation or retention of the status quo. Identity is neither innate nor permanent, and constant fluctuations, push and pull of arising, re-established and defended identities attracts readers attention and provide a venue for manipulating public opinion. Bearing in mind the limitations of this research we describe and suggest an interpretation for the main conceptual fields and contexts national identity is present in the media.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН І РОЗВИТОК СВІТОВОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ТА РИНКУ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙ

This article examines the current state and features of the world transport system and the world telecommunications market. The publications of economists who studied the world transport system and the telecommunications market are considered. The role of the transport industry and telecommunications in the world economy is determined. The influence of transport infrastructure and telecommunications on the development of international economic relations at the global level is studied. The world leaders in the length of transport routes and the main telecommunication lines are determined. An incentive for the development of global transport infrastructure, which has the greatest impact on the global transport market, has been identified. The volumes of the world transport market and telecommunication market are analyzed. The factors on which the structure of the transport system and the demand for integrated transport services depend are highlighted. The main indicators of the transport system are analyzed. The structure of world freight and passenger turnover is formed. The characteristics of the primary network, which is the basis of the telecommunications infrastructure, are given. The geographical structure of the world market of transport services and the telecommunications market is considered, the leaders in each market are determined. The distribution of transport and communication services by country was considered. The leading center for the provision of transport services and the largest representation in the telecommunications sector have been identified. The connection between the transport system and telecommunications was considered. The problems that exist in the transport industry and the telecommunications sector are pointed out. The shortcomings of the transport industry and ways to overcome them are highlighted. The influence of the development of the transport industry and the telecommunications sector on the efficiency of the economy in different countries is determined. Trends and prospects for further development of the transport system and the telecommunications market are studied.

Insurance in a Changing Europe, 1990–1995. By Arthur Andersen & Co. (The Economist Publications, 1990) £125.00

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Iran and Iraq: The Next Five Years, by George Joffe and Keith McLachan. (The Economist Intelligence Unit, special report no. 1083.) 110 pages. The Economist Publications, London1987. $150.00.

Iran and Iraq: The Next Five Years, by George Joffe and Keith McLachan. (The Economist Intelligence Unit, special report no. 1083.) 110 pages. The Economist Publications, London1987. $150.00. - Volume 22 Issue 1

Publications of economists in relation to journals, schools, and dissertations

Many regional and state universities now regard research and scholarship as well as teaching as a focal activity of their faculty. However, as yet, their doctoral degree recipients have not displayed the research prowess of graduates of the major national universities. This longitudinal study of a random sample of 512 Ph.D. economists found that 34% have published at least one article in the 260 journals referenced in theJournal of Economic Literature. Those economists writing their dissertations in the field of general economics had a higher tendency to publish than those in other fields. Graduates of the 10 highest-ranked schools published 38.8% of all journal articles between 1969 and 1986, while graduates of the top 20 schools published 65.2% of the articles. Graduates of the top 20 schools published at least 20% more than other graduates. In addition, graduates of the top 20 schools published an average of 2.28 articles, which is at least 38% more than the average for graduates of lower-ranked schools. It is probable that the much better publication record of top-school graduates in academic careers is explained by a host of factors, including level of training, old school ties and contacts, as well as employment in top-ranked research-supporting schools.

International Tourism Reports. Number 3, August 1987. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London, W1A 1DW, U.K. 82p. $55 single issue; $205 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. Number 3, August 1987. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London, W1A 1DW, U.K. 82p. $55 single issue; $205 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. Number 4, October 1987. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London, W14 1DW, U.K. 74p. $55 single issue; $205 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. Number 4, October 1987. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London, W14 1DW, U.K. 74p. $55 single issue; $205 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. The Economist Publications Ltd., 25 St. James Street, London SW1A 1HG. 1987. 83p. $205

International Tourism Reports. The Economist Publications Ltd., 25 St. James Street, London SW1A 1HG. 1987. 83p. $205

International Tourism Reports. Economist Publications Limited, 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. 1987. 71p. $55 single copy, $205 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. Economist Publications Limited, 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. 1987. 71p. $55 single copy, $205 annual subscription

U.S. Domestic Holiday Travel: Characteristics of and Prospects for the U.S. Long Vacation. Douglas Frechtling. Travel and Tourism Analyst, November 1986, pp. 3-18. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. $65 single copy, $295 annual subscription

U.S. Domestic Holiday Travel: Characteristics of and Prospects for the U.S. Long Vacation. Douglas Frechtling. Travel and Tourism Analyst, November 1986, pp. 3-18. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. $65 single copy, $295 annual subscription

Charter Airlines in Europe: Traffic, Tour Operators and the Impact of Liberalization. Heini Nuutinen. Travel and Tourism Analyst, November 1986, pp. 19-36. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. $65 single copy, $295 annual subscription

Charter Airlines in Europe: Traffic, Tour Operators and the Impact of Liberalization. Heini Nuutinen. Travel and Tourism Analyst, November 1986, pp. 19-36. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. $65 single copy, $295 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. The Economist Publications, Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. No. 4, 1986. 78p. $53 single copy, $197 annual subscription

International Tourism Reports. The Economist Publications, Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. No. 4, 1986. 78p. $53 single copy, $197 annual subscription

Air Transport in a Competitive European Market: Problems, Prospects and Strategies. Stephen Wheat-croft and Geoffrey Lipman. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. Travel and Tourism Report #3, 1986. $175

Air Transport in a Competitive European Market: Problems, Prospects and Strategies. Stephen Wheat-croft and Geoffrey Lipman. The Economist Publications Ltd., 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. Travel and Tourism Report #3, 1986. $175

Book Review: Economist Intelligence Unit, Report No. 1054, India to 1990 - How Far Will Reform Go?, (London: Economist Publications, June 1986, 159 pp., £95.00)

Book Review: Economist Intelligence Unit, Report No. 1054, India to 1990 - How Far Will Reform Go?, (London: Economist Publications, June 1986, 159 pp., £95.00)

Travel & Tourism Analyst. The Economist Publications Limited, 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. March 1986. $140 annual subscription

Travel & Tourism Analyst. The Economist Publications Limited, 40 Duke Street, London W1A 1DW, United Kingdom. March 1986. $140 annual subscription

New Zealand. International Tourism Reports, no. 1, 1986, pp. 24-36. The Economist Publications, 40 Duke Street, London, United Kingdom W1A 1DW

New Zealand. International Tourism Reports, no. 1, 1986, pp. 24-36. The Economist Publications, 40 Duke Street, London, United Kingdom W1A 1DW

Taxation and Small Business in the EEC: So Me Facts and Some Issues

Graham Bannock is an independent consultant with a special interest in small firms, having previously been managing director of the Economist Intelligence Unit and ealier director of research for the United Kingdom's Bolton Committee on Small Firms. The structure of the tax system and the rates of taxation are an important -some would say the most important -element in the environment for small business. The paper discusses why this is so, selectively reviews facts on the tax systems in the ten European Economic Community member states collected together in a recent EIU study and briefly touches upon the policy issues which emerge. The author gratefully acknowledges permission from The Economist Publications Ltd. to reproduce material from the EIU study.

The Rise of "Quantitative Methods" in Economics Journals, 1950-1974

This paper attempts an empirical verification of the prevailing conventional wisdom among economists about the recent history of their subject.1 More particularly, the modest contribution of this study is to make a limited test of the common and plausible proposition that economists have over the years increasingly relied on in their published research. Recent studies have investigated various aspects of the publications of economists without examining this proposition in exactly the manner attempted in this paper.2 The study which has probably come closest to being concerned with it is the study by Tong-eng Wang. However, the methodology employed by Wang was so different that the present study and his work should be regarded as complements, and not as substitutes.4 To anticipate the conclusion of the present study, the conventional wisdom on the use of quantitative methods is confirmed and, we believe, reinforced.