Publications In PubMed Research Articles

RISK FACTORS OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CANCER

Rectal cancer remains one of the most pressing problems today. Despite the development of technologies that can stage the disease and the use of modern treatment protocols, there is no continuous linear improvement in patient survival. The various concepts proposed for the treatment of colorectal cancer do not lead to a statistically significant improvement in overall survival. This may be due to the variability of the concepts of rectal cancer treatment, including the choice of a short or long course of neoadjuvant therapy, a standard regimen or total neoadjuvant therapy, surgery or "watch and wait" tactics. The likelihood of developing surgical complications, especially in cases of neoadjuvant treatment, also remains high, despite the development of minimally invasive accesses and the use of suturing devices, which in turn can lead to poor survival, local recurrence, and disability in patients. Understanding different concepts and strategies for treating patients with rectal cancer, systematically assessing various risk factors for postoperative complications, and modifying them individually can improve not only local outcomes but also overall survival of rectal cancer patients. Several studies have shown that the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer significantly increases the risk of postoperative complications, although it reduces the likelihood of local and long-term recurrence. Therefore, given that neoadjuvant therapy is usually a mandatory step in treatment, further research should be conducted on the effects of different doses and regimens, and there is an urgent need to study other modified risk factors for postoperative complications, including BMI, stapler use, size stitching circular apparatus and others. Only in-depth study and accumulation of more data will allow you to more effectively choose the right treatment tactics that will increase life expectancy and reduce the disability of patients with rectal cancer. Thus, despite the great advances in understanding the treatment of rectal cancer, the application of the concept of combination therapy and the development of technical equipment, there are still several controversial issues that require detailed study. In particular, this applies to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and a detailed study of the timing and different courses of radiation therapy, to ensure maximum effectiveness and reduce the risk of complications. This can be achieved only with the use of an individualized approach to the treatment of patients. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of various risk factors for postoperative complications, including anastomotic failure in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A research and analysis of PubMED publications for 2015-2022 has been made, which provided data on the use of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with rectal cancer and assessed risk factors for postoperative complications. The search queries included "rectal cancer", "anastomosis failure", "neoadjuvant therapy", "risk factors", and "survival of rectal cancer patients". Analysis of treatment and postoperative surgical complications in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum stage I-III in the Precarpatian clinical oncological centre during 2019-2022 was performed.

Public health threat with consumption of unpasteurized milk: Systematic review

Unpasteurized milk consumption is common throughout the globe, despite the negative consequence for consumer health. This review paper identified public health risks resulting from unpasteurized milk. Several keywords were used to search online, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and academic publications. Significant data were rigorously extracted and reported as per the PRISMA statement guideline. Individuals' risk from consuming raw milk was examined in 15 studies. According to a laboratory investigation report, raw milk contained several parasites and harmful bacteria in unpasteurized milk. These include campylobacteriosis, brucellosis, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, salmonellosis, E. coli 0157, and other hazardous poisons like Aflatoxin M1. People are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, and other dangerous toxic agents while consuming raw milk. Therefore, ensuring the safety and quality of raw milk through implementing hazard-critical control points during production and distribution is mandatory in the dairy industry to safeguard general public health.

605. NEOADJUVANT FLOT FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL CANCERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Abstract Whilst multimodality treatment is established as standard of care for locally advanced esophageal cancers the precise choice of oncological neoadjuvant treatment remains unclear. Uptake of FLOT is increasing, yet collective experience in patients with esophageal cancer is unclear. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of FLOT as first-line treatment in this patient population. A systematic review was performed using Embase, MEDLINE (OvidSP), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Publisher, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until 28st December 2021, for studies of treatment-naive patients of any age who received FLOT as first-line treatment of locally advanced esophageal or gastric cancer. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, rates of grade 3 or 4 adverse events; and oncological outcomes This systematic review included six studies comprising 895 patients, of which 479 (54%) patients received FLOT. All studies included patients with distal or gastroesophageal junction esophageal and 441 (92%) had esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pooled overall survival at 1-year, 2-year and 3-year were 81.7% (CI95%: 71.1% - 88.9%), 59.2% (CI95%: 47.4% - 69.9%), and 49.8% (CI95%: 28.9 - 70.8%). Pooled recurrence rates from three studies were 22.6% (CI95%: 12.3% - 37.7%). Oncological outcomes were reported for margin-negative resections (overall: 94.1%, CI95%: 88.1% - 97.2%), complete pCR (overall: 15.2%, CI95%: 7.1% - 29.7%), major pathological response (overall: 41.6%, CI95%: 24.6% - 60.8%). There is limited evidence on FLOT for patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal cancers, despite the increasing use of FLOT in clinical practice. Standardisation in reporting oncological and surgical outcomes following FLOT are needed and future research and randomised controlled trials comparing FLOT are required.

Isolated Central Nervous System Vasculitides in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series

Cerebral vasculitides, both isolated or in systemic disorders, could be triggered by infections, and few cases have been associated to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study searched for publications in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases for case reports and series of isolated central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. We included 12 studies (published from June 2020 to July 2022) and collected 39 adult patients (5/39 pathologically or radiologically proven, 34/39 suggestive for primary CNS vasculitis or PCNSV). All cases had a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction on a nasopharyngeal swab or a respiratory tract specimen. About the 85% of the included cases were males, and disease onset occurred later than 50 years old in all but three subjects. In total, 33/39 patients presented severe COVID-19 pneumonia, frequently requiring intensive care unit care. The most common neurological features were headache, obnubilation, and coma. PCNSV was suspected mainly on radiological findings, whereas the cerebrospinal fluid analysis was minimally altered. Magnetic resonance imaging showed vessel wall enhancement in 32/39 cases, generally with the concomitant presence of microbleeds, subarachnoid haemorrhages, and/or multiple ischemic lesions. Despite the severe respiratory and neurological disease course, most cases (93%) improved spontaneously or after a course of high-dose intravenous steroids with no need for immunosuppression. In conclusion, PCNSV could rarely relate to COVID-19 and independently from pulmonary disease severity. Adults with COVID-19-related PCNSV could have a favourable prognosis.

Biochemical and molecular genetic markers of kidney damage in hypertension

This review presents the results of research in the field of studying associations of biochemical and molecular genetic markers of kidney damage in arterial hypertension. Information on the topic from publications of PubMed, Google Scholar databases was used.

Trends in Pediatric Orthopaedic Publications by Language

Introduction: English publications have been found to be more widely cited than publications in other languages leading to a higher impact in various fields. Many authors have thus focused on publishing in English so as to reach the largest audience possible, however, important non-English publications remain a vital part of the peer-reviewed literature. This study sought to understand the relative quantities of pediatric orthopaedic publications written in the top 10 languages published in PubMed. Methods: The 10 languages with the most publications in PubMed were analyzed. These included English, German, Chinese, French, Russian, Japanese, Spanish, Polish, Italian, and Portuguese. All publications in orthopaedics and pediatric orthopaedics were pulled for each language. Publication rates were analyzed by individual language and by English versus non-English. Results: A total of 522,099 publications were analyzed between 1960-2020. English publications accounted for 93.1% of all orthopaedic publications and 91.4% of pediatric orthopaedic publications. When analyzing by individual language, German, French, and Chinese accounted for the greatest number of non-English publications with 24.9%, 21.2%, and 20.0% of non-English pediatric orthopaedic publications, respectively. Conclusion: In the 10 languages analyzed in this study, 8.6% of pediatric orthopaedic publications were written in non-English languages. When performing systematic reviews, care should be taken to assess literature published in these languages, specifically German, French, and Chinese, as they account for the greatest number of non-English publications. This will ensure that no relevant constituent studies are missed in qualitative syntheses due to lack of translation or access.

The Role of Endocrine and Metabolic System in COVID-19 Disease - The Transcampus Experience and Review of Evidence From International Collaborating Groups.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has led to a world health crisis with major socioeconomic consequences that have deeply affected our daily lives. Until the end of May 2022, more than 500 million people have been infected by COVID-19 and more than 6 million have died from the disease. Unprecedented efforts in research, illustrated by the more than 250 000 publications in PubMed, have led to the identification of important pathophysiological mechanisms affected by SARS-CoV-2 and have resulted in the development of effective vaccines and treatment protocols for patients with COVID-19.

Publication in the Australian medical student journal is associated with future academic success: a matched-cohort study

BackgroundMedical student journals (MSJs) help to introduce the fundamentals of academic research and publication to future doctors. It has recently been shown that MSJs can influence doctors’ future academic and professional success, however these findings have not been replicated in an Australian cohort. The aim of this study was to examine the association between publication in the Australian Medical Student Journal (AMSJ) and markers of a student’s future academic trajectory, including future publication, attainment of higher academic degree or entry into specialist training.MethodsArticles authored by medical students in the AMSJ from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively identified. A list of these student authors was made, with university- and year- matched control students randomly selected from university graduation databases. For all students, data related to academic success were obtained from multiple sources including PubMed®, Google, university databases and author affiliation information from publications. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was used to assess correlation between variables. The primary outcome measure was the number of postgraduate PubMed®-indexed publications. Secondary outcome measures included attainment of higher degree or faculty position. Clinical speciality was also recorded.ResultsFifty-five AMSJ authors (14 case reports, 17 original research, 21 review articles) from 14 Australian universities were included. Publication in the AMSJ was associated with future PubMed® indexed publications (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.74–6.77, P < 0.001) and higher degree attainment (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.99–8.22, P = 0.0001). AMSJ authors were also significantly more likely to enter into surgical training (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.10–5.84, P = 0.029). A multivariable conditional logistic regression model demonstrated that publication in the AMSJ was predictive of future PubMed indexed publication, independent of higher degree or faculty position attainment (OR 2.56, CI 1.22–5.39, P = 0.01).ConclusionWe have shown that publication in a MSJ is associated with markers of academic success in an Australian cohort. PubMed®-indexed publications, attainment of a Masters degree, and entry in to surgical training were all significantly correlated to AMSJ publication. A conditional logistic regression model demonstrated that medical student publication in the AMSJ influences the number of future PubMed®-indexed publications, independent of major academic confounding variables.

Hospital services under public-private partnerships, outcomes and, challenges: A literature review.

Public-private partnerships (PPP) is used to advance health service access and quality. PPP implementation in hospitals is vital to shorten the service and quality gap. Hospitals are the most significant health budget spender, and this study aimed to identify the PPP effect on hospital performance indicators and its implementation challenges. Thirty-three inclusive articles were filtered and collected from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Sage Publication databases. Results showed that various articles succeeded in implementing PPP and improving the access and quality of health services. Several hospital performance indicators such as diagnosis, therapy, service waiting time, length of stay, referral rate, mortality rate, and patient satisfaction were reported to show better results. However, there was insufficient evidence to say the same on related financial indicators. Policy, resource, communication and trust, risk, and evaluation monitoring were considered challenges in PPP implementation. Its success was not only influenced by major factors such as governance model, finance, politics, and social but also was influenced by the medical practice model applied within the organization. This study contributed to whether PPP affects the hospital performance indicators.

PubmedKB: an interactive web server for exploring biomedical entity relations in the biomedical literature.

With the proliferation of genomic sequence data for biomedical research, the exploration of human genetic information by domain experts requires a comprehensive interrogation of large numbers of scientific publications in PubMed. However, a query in PubMed essentially provides search results sorted only by the date of publication. A search engine for retrieving and interpreting complex relations between biomedical concepts in scientific publications remains lacking. Here, we present pubmedKB, a web server designed to extract and visualize semantic relationships between four biomedical entity types: variants, genes, diseases, and chemicals. pubmedKB uses state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to extract semantic relations from the large number of PubMed abstracts. Currently, over 2 million semantic relations between biomedical entity pairs are extracted from over 33 million PubMed abstracts in pubmedKB. pubmedKB has a user-friendly interface with an interactive semantic graph, enabling the user to easily query entities and explore entity relations. Supporting sentences with the highlighted snippets allow to easily navigate the publications. Combined with a new explorative approach to literature mining and an interactive interface for researchers, pubmedKB thus enables rapid, intelligent searching of the large biomedical literature to provide useful knowledge and insights. pubmedKB is available at https://www.pubmedkb.cc/.

H.pylori Infection inhibits Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) by affecting the intestinal flora: A systematic Review

B ackground : Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing-remitting diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Unclassified IBD (IBDU). Their pathogenesis involves genes and the environment as cofactors in inducing autoimmunity; mainly, the interactions between enteric pathogens and immunity are studied. For example, Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a common pathogen causing gastric inflammation. However, studies found that the number of people with HP was lower than those with IBD. Therefore, it suggests that HP might protect against IBD. Methods: The search terms "helicobacter pylori," "inflammatory bowel disease," "Crohn's disease," and "ulcerative colitis" were entered into the PubMed database. Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed publisher, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were also searched. The HP prevalence rates in IBD patients, CD patients, UC patients, and IBDU patients were calculated. So its to prove that there is an inverse relationship between HP and IBD, each group was compared to a control group. R esults : Even when the comparison was made separately between each group of newly diagnosed patients and controls to rule out the possibility of pharmacologic bias, the data showed an inverse relationship between the IBD group and the controls. C onclusion : The results of this review demonstrate a striking inverse association between HP infection and the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), regardless of the type of IBD considered across different geographic regions. Anyway, data should be interpreted with care because more research is needed on this topic that is broader, more prospective, and more consistent. This could lead to new ideas about how the environment could cause IBD. K eywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Helicobacter pylori; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis; Colorectal cancer DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/72-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

The language of all medical publications and spine publications from 1950 to 2020

BackgroundExcellent research in all fields, including spine surgery, exists in many different regions and languages. This study seeks to determine the relative number of spine related peer-reviewed publications throughout the world based on language. MethodsPeer-reviewed publications from the eleven most prolific languages in regard to both the number of peer-reviewed spine publications indexed in PubMed and total peer-reviewed publications from 1950-2020 were identified in PubMed. Results29,711,547 peer-reviewed publications were analyzed for the languages of interest with 870,404 (3.0%) of those being spine related peer-reviewed publications. Between 1988 and 2019, non-English language peer-reviewed publications decreased annually for both all peer-reviewed publications and spine related peer-reviewed publications by 44% and 36%, respectively. All medical and spine specific peer reviewed publications in English compared to non-English publications have increased by 7.22 and 6.35 times since 1988, respectively. While the ratio of non-English to English spine related publications decreased in all eleven countries, the percentage of the number of spine specific publications written in Chinese (462%), Portuguese (378%), and Spanish (88%) have increased by the listed percentages. ConclusionWhile the proportion of peer-reviewed publications in the field of spine surgery written in English have increased over the past several decades, there are many non-English language peer-reviewed publications each year, particularly in Chinese. Although the rapid increase in the proportion of English spine related publications is beneficial to English speaking physicians and researchers, further research is necessary to understand the impact on non-English speaking physicians and researchers.

Effects of mindfulness-based intervention programs on sleep among people with common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUNDSleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder. Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia, no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.AIMTo compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.METHODSRelated publications in Embase, Medline, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials. Data were synthesized using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to analyse the effects of various MBI programs on sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder. The fixed-effects model was used when heterogeneity was negligible, and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSWe identified 397 articles, of which 10 randomised controlled trials, involving a total of 541 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Studies of internet mindfulness meditation intervention (IMMI), mindfulness meditation (MM), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based touch therapy (MBTT) met the inclusion criteria. The greatest effect sizes are reported in favour of MBTT, with SMDs of -1.138 (95%CI: -1.937 to -0.340; P = 0.005), followed by -1.003 (95%CI: -1.645 to -0.360; P = 0.002) for MBCT. SMDs of -0.618 (95%CI: -0.980 to -0.257; P = 0.001) and -0.551 (95%CI: -0.842 to -0.260; P < 0.0001) were reported for IMMI and MBSR in the pooling trials, respectively. Significant effects on sleep problem improvement are shown in all reviewed MBI programs, except MM, for which the effect size was shown to be non-significant.CONCLUSIONAll MBI programs (MBTT, MBCT, IMMI and MBSR), except MM, are effective options to improve sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.

Trends in dermatology eponyms

BackgroundEponyms are ubiquitous in dermatology; however, their usage trends have not been studied.ObjectiveTo characterize the usage of eponyms in dermatology from 1880 to 2020.MethodsCandidate eponyms were collected from a textbook and an online resource. A subset of these eponyms was deemed to be dermatology-focused by a panel of experienced dermatologists. Python scripts were used to permute eponyms into multiple variations and automatically search PubMed using BioPython’s Entrez library.ResultsThe dermatologist panel designated 373 of 529 candidate eponyms as dermatology-focused. These eponyms were permuted into 3159 variations and searched in PubMed. The highest occurring dermatology-focused eponyms (DFEs) in the year 2020 included Leishmania, Behçet syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Mohs surgery. Increased DFE usage in the general medical literature parallels the overall increase in the use of other eponyms in the medical literature. However, in the most cited dermatology journals, DFE usage did not increase in the past decade. There were several eponyms with decreased usage.LimitationsThis study is limited to the publications in PubMed; only titles and abstracts could be queried.ConclusionDFEs are increasing in usage in the general medical literature, but the usage of eponyms in the most cited dermatology journals has plateaued.

Publication Rate in English of Abstracts Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Relatively low publication rates of abstracts presented at scientific meetings (i.e., 37.3%, 95% CI: 35.3-39.3) have been reported across various fields worldwide. However, no study has investigated the publication rate of abstracts presented at psychiatric meetings and factors associated with full publication in Japan. This study aimed to determine the proportion of conference abstracts in the psychiatric field that reach full publication in English and its associated factors in Japan. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology (JSPN) in 2013 and 2014, the largest psychiatric meeting in Japan, by searching for full-text publications in PubMed and Google Scholar. Furthermore, we examined factors associated with a successful full publication of the conference abstract. Of the 737 abstracts evaluated, 132 (17.9%) were published in peer-reviewed journals; the publication rates for oral and poster presentations were 12.7% (46/363) and 23.0% (86/374), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the following factors were significantly associated with successful publications: poster presentations (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.10-2.57), original studies (OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 2.44-7.47), and academic institutions (OR: 5.77, 95% CI: 3.44-10.19). The publication rate in English of the conference abstracts presented at the JSPN annual meetings was relatively lower than those in previous studies. Further encouragement of the publication of the abstracts presented in psychiatric conferences in Japan would be helpful in disseminating scientific findings in the field of psychiatry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Systematic Review of Trends in US Attitudes toward Cannabis Legalization

Introductions: In the United States (US), support for cannabis legalization has increased over time. This study examines historical changes in legalization attitudes and the period-specific individual and external influences on these. Methods A systematic search was conducted for publications in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis assessed the trends in perceived harmfulness and availability of cannabis between 1996 and 2018. Ecological comparisons were made between these perceptions and support for cannabis legalization over time. Results A steep growth in support for cannabis legalization began in the 1990s and continued to grow in a relatively linear manner. Most people developed more liberal views, with no evidence that changes within any one sociodemographic group was disproportionately responsible for the overall attitudinal change. Increases in the proportion of people who use cannabis, non-religious population and political liberalism may partially explain the increased support for legalization. The decline in perceived harmfulness of cannabis, as reflected in the media, may have contributed to the increased support for legalization. However, perceptions of the availability of cannabis remained stable despite significant relaxations in cannabis regulations. Conclusions The US population has become more accepting of cannabis legalization. The attitudinal change is related to changes in the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use, influenced by broader political and cultural changes over the study period.

Music therapy for elderly sleeping quality

Elderly people have sleeping disorder problems which can be occurred frequently. This is a significant public health issue because sleeping disorder leads to cause depression, diabetes, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, music therapy might be a good choice instead of western medicines for the treatment of a sleeping disorder. This short communication describes the background of sleeping disorder, music therapy, and its research progress as well as the future development. A simple systematic search of publications in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and google search without language restriction is performed. Because of the little finding on the music therapy for sleep disorders in present literature, therefore, there is a short communication written by some literature reviews before starting a novel study of sleeping disorders for elderly people.

Pathophysiological basis and diagnosis of the cardiovascular system damage caused by coronavirus infection

This review focuses on the pathogenesis, most common clinical manifestations, and methods for diagnosis of damages to the cardiovascular system in coronavirus infection. The search for studies to be reviewed included publications of Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science resources by the key words "COVID-19", "myocarditis", "coronavirus", and "myocardial injury". The clinical presentation of coronavirus infection can include acute heart failure, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, pericarditis, venous thromboembolism, and microcirculatory dysfunction. Since symptoms of this pathology are non-specific, it is important to pay attention to monitoring of clinical laboratory and instrumental indexes for early differential diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. In all cases of parameter deviation from the normal range, cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 should be suspected. Measures should be taken for specifying the occurrence and severity of cardiac and/or vascular injury, and approaches should be developed for comprehensive treatment or prevention of these conditions.

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review.

Vaccinations prevented severe clinical complications of COVID-19. It was considered a vital component of living endemically with COVID-19. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the first mRNA-based vaccination that enhances immunity. Resulting in various adverse effects that may emerge after vaccination. This systematic review was undertaken to assess the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine side effects by reviewing the previous studies. A total of 107 PubMed and Google Scholar publications were screened for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Fourteen articles met the study inclusion criteria. The included searching terms were a combination of “Pfizer vaccine and Side effects,” “BioNTech vaccine and side effects,” and “BNT162b2 vaccine and side effects,” as well as all synonyms. The total number of participants in the 14 studies was 10,632 participants. Average of the most frequent side effects of 14 studies were injection site pain 77.34%, fatigue 43%, muscle pain 39.67%, local swelling 33.57%, headache 33.27%, joint pain 25.75%, chills 18.34%, fever 18%, itching 9.38%, lymph nodes swelling 7.86%, nausea 7.58%, dyspnea 7.86%,and diarrhea 6.36%. The average side effects after the first dose were 79% compared with 84% after the second dose. The average occurs side effects in females at 69.8% compared with males 30.2%. Our study reveals that side effects after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are common, but they are usually mild and self-limited. Local reactions like pain at the injection site are the most common. Anaphylactic shock or severe reactions are rare. We hope that our results will reassure the public that the benefits of vaccination far exceed the dangers. Also, help reduce vaccine hesitancy among individuals worried about vaccine safety and possible adverse effects.

Radiolabeled Peptide as Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Theranostic agents for Prostate Cancer: Systematic Literature Review

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common sex-related malignancy and the second most common cause of mortality after lung cancer for men. Around 61.8% of Indonesian people undergo cancer treatment with surgery. This study aimed to figure out the use of radiolabeled peptides for diagnosis, therapy, and theranostics of prostate cancer. This study performed a literature review by searching the web databases such as PubMed, MDPI, Elsevier (Science Direct), and ACS Publications. The result showed that peptide compounds such RM2, VCN (Vicrostatin), DB15, and BBN7-14 were utilized as radionuclide-carriers for diagnostic imaging, meanwhile, peptides such as NeoBOMB1, PSMA-617, and [RGD-Glu-[DO3A]-6-Ahx-RM2] containing alpha or beta-emitted radionuclide were used as therapeutic and theranostic agents. They were tagged using 68Ga, 161Tb, 177Lu, 64Cu, 124I, 99mTc, 90Y, and 86Y radionuclides. Great efforts have been conducted in developing peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. Research groups focusing in nuclear medicine will continue to develop radiopharmaceuticals in the future, especially radiopeptide compounds for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer.