Public Understanding Research Articles

Enhancing young people's pregnancy loss and fertility awareness and knowledge via schools: a way forward.

Pregnancy and infant loss, in the form of miscarriage, stillbirth or early neonatal death, occurs in 20-25% of all pregnancies. Despite its prevalence and associated physical and psychological impacts, there remains a lack of public awareness and understanding of pregnancy loss, including amongst people of reproductive age. Drawing on evidence from a preliminary review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, we make the case for enhancing pregnancy loss and (in)fertility awareness, specifically focusing on young people in second-level education. We situate our work within reproductive health and reproductive justice frames, recognizing the impact of social factors on people's reproductive lives, and the need for multi-level interventions to enable people to fully realize their reproductive rights and goals. Although schools provide an important setting to learn about and discuss topics relating to sexual and reproductive health-including pregnancy loss and fertility-current evidence suggests that this is not happening, despite young people's desire to engage in such conversations. While there are barriers to addressing sexual and reproductive health issues within schools (including lack of access to teacher training, continuing professional development, appropriate and engaging resource material, teacher discomfort and lack of confidence), it is important that interventions are developed in collaboration with all relevant knowledge users, including young people themselves. This will help to ensure that any interventions developed are relevant, acceptable, feasible and effective. Further research is needed to explore how education around pregnancy loss and fertility can be best delivered within school settings.

The Strength of the Peace Deed in the Settlement of Land Disputes Through Mediation at the Karawang Regency Land Office

Land dispute resolution through mediation is one of the alternative methods regulated in Article 44 Paragraph (5) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. This study aims to examine the legal strength of peace deeds produced through the mediation process at the Karawang Regency Land Office, as well as the effectiveness of its implementation in resolving land disputes. The method used is a normative juridical approach with reference to legal documents, legal doctrines, and interviews with relevant sources. The results of the study show that the peace deed has binding legal force equivalent to a court decision with permanent legal force, but its effectiveness in the field is still low due to factors such as lack of public understanding, the ego of the parties to the dispute, and the low level of attendance in the mediation process. To increase the success of mediation, it is recommended that BPN be more active in socialization, increase the capacity of mediators, and strengthen legal arrangements related to peace deeds so that they can be more reliable in the process of resolving land disputes.

The AI Revolution: A Posthumanist Reading of the (Re)Presentations of Artificial Intelligence in Selected Contemporary Films

Artificial Intelligence (AI) transcends mere technological advancement, taking on profound philosophical, ethical, and cultural significance. This study focuses on the representation of AI in contemporary films, a medium that reflects society’s shifting concerns and aspirations regarding humanity’s relationship with technology. Despite the growing importance of AI in our lives, a gap remains in understanding how films depict AI and contribute to societal discourse on autonomy, ethics, and identity. The study aims to examine key themes in films such as Ex Machina (2014), Her (2013), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), and The Matrix (1999), exploring how these portrayals influence our perception of AI. Employing a posthumanist theoretical framework, this study investigates how AI is represented as the “Other” and the ethical responsibilities involved in creating autonomous entities. Methods include a thematic analysis of these films, focusing on how AI characters are depicted and the moral dilemmas presented. Key findings highlight that cinema often frames AI through a lens of human anxieties—particularly around autonomy, ethical responsibility, and identity formation. These films present both utopian and dystopian visions of AI’s role in society, offering diverse perspectives on the implications for human identity and agency. The study concludes that cinema plays a pivotal role in shaping public understanding of AI and its transformative potential, raising critical questions about the future of humanity in an increasingly AI-integrated world. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cinema, Posthumanism, Literary Criticism, Sustainability (SDG 12)

Shaping sustainable perceptions: The role of metaphors in Olympic news discourse.

The dissemination of sustainable development concepts in large international events like the Olympics has garnered great attention. As a major international sports event, the Beijing Winter Olympics served as an important platform for showcasing China's sustainable development philosophy through its official news coverage. In this context, metaphor, as a powerful cognitive tool, plays a crucial role in shaping public perception and facilitating the dissemination of values by mapping concrete source domains onto abstract target domains. This paper constructs a critical metaphor analysis framework for sustainable development, analyzing the mechanisms by which metaphors map the concepts of social, economic, and ecological sustainability, and their multifaceted roles in conveying policy proposals, ideologies, cultural values, and social group behaviors. The findings indicate that metaphors effectively facilitate public understanding of sustainability by concretizing abstract concepts. In the social dimension, metaphors emphasize fairness, cultural diversity, and social solidarity; in the economic dimension, they highlight resource recycling, technological innovation, and industrial upgrading; while in the ecological dimension, the focus is on environmental protection and the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. Metaphors play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of policy, reflecting specific values and socio-cultural contexts, facilitating cultural communication and understanding, and enhancing public responsibility and participation awareness.

Mental Models of Smart Implant Technology: A Topic Modeling Approach to the Role of Initial Information and Labeling

ABSTRACT Public understanding of medical innovations such as smart technology is decisive for its acceptance and implementation. Thus, it is important to understand what visions people develop of a technology based on initial information such as the label. We chose smart implants as an example and conducted qualitative interviews with 47 former implant patients to record their mental models after exposing them to the idea of smart implants through a vignette. Their answers were analyzed using LDA topic modeling. We derived five topics describing people’s mental models considering the technology’s functionalities, (dis)advantages as well as potential benefits and risks. The topics revealed that our respondents have often associated the idea of smart implants with artificial intelligence, which is a misconception regarding the introduced conceptualization. Thus, special attention has to be paid to the technology’s labeling in communication efforts to ensure adequate understanding.

Public understands nurses’ value, but pay needs to catch up

Public understands nurses’ value, but pay needs to catch up

Building a Healthy Generation by Making Mackerel Fish Nuggets and Anti-Stunting Mading

The problem of stunting is still a big challenge in efforts to improve children's health in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. This program aims to increase awareness of the people of Sigam Village, Kotabaru Regency, regarding the importance of balanced nutrition to prevent stunting in toddlers and support the health of pregnant women. Two main approaches are carried out in this program: (1) making educational magazines displaying information about healthy eating patterns and the impact of stunting, and (2) making and distributing mackerel fish nuggets as a nutritious food alternative for toddlers and pregnant women. Antistunting posters were installed at the Sigam Village Kindergarten so that they can be easily accessed by parents and caregivers, with the hope of increasing their understanding of nutrition and examples of balanced menus that can be applied in everyday life. The mackerel fish nuggets distributed are made from local ingredients with high protein and omega-3 content which are useful for supporting children's growth and the health of pregnant women. Program evaluation shows a positive response from the community, who feel helped in understanding the importance of nutritional intake and choosing affordable nutritious food. This program has succeeded in increasing public awareness and understanding of the importance of nutrition to prevent stunting, as well as providing practical nutritious food solutions that children like. It is hoped that this activity can continue to be implemented and involve more parties to create a generation that is healthy and free from the risk of stunting.

Cyanobacteria hot spot detection integrating remote sensing data with convolutional and Kolmogorov-Arnold networks.

Prompt and accurate monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms is essential for public health management and understanding aquatic ecosystem dynamics. Remote sensing, in particular satellite observations, presents a good alternative for continuous monitoring. This study employs multispectral images from the Sentinel-2 constellation alongside ERA5-Land to enable broad-scale data acquisition. A simple deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was proposed to analyze cyanobacteria (CB) concentration dynamics in Pigeon Lake, Canada, over five years. The model achieved an R2 value of 0.81 and an RMSE score of 0.03 for the training set and 0.15 for the testing set, demonstrating high predictive accuracy. Using the Local Getis-Ord statistic, we identified and analyzed trends in hot and cold spots under the null hypothesis that such spots are randomly distributed, observing changes in their distribution and the median CB concentration in hot spots over time. Additionally, a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) and dense neural networks (NN) with a single hidden layer were trained to classify sections of the lake shoreline into hot and no hot spots using the Dynamic World dataset within a 500m radius of the lake. The KAN achieved a recall metric of 0.83 for detecting hot spots.

“There's just a lot of numbers and I just want to have a drink”: The challenge of communicating the energy content of alcohol products

Various governments are considering the implementation of energy labelling on alcohol products as one element of obesity prevention policies. However, little is known about the most effective ways to communicate energy information to consumers. The aim of the present study was to explore consumers’ reactions to different energy information provision formats to assist the development of effective energy labels. Nine focus groups (n=83 participants) were conducted with Australian adults who reported drinking alcohol at least twice per month. Participants were exposed to an energy-only information label and labels displaying full nutrition information panels. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify key issues. While few participants were overtly enthusiastic about the mandatory display of energy values on alcohol products, there was general support for the provision of this information to assist those drinkers who could benefit from it. Substantial confusion was apparent as participants attempted to distil meaning from the provided information, particularly where it was expressed in terms of serving sizes and standard drinks. Full nutrition panels were especially problematic in terms of creating a health halo due to the nil or low values for multiple nutrients listed. This was especially notable for information relating to sugar content. Overall, there appears to be inadequate public understanding of the concept of dietary energy in alcoholic beverages and the various terms used to quantify its presence, which is likely to limit the utility of mandatory energy information provision requirements unless they are accompanied by effective community education.

Public Perception of the Dissemination of Information on Soppeng Regency Regional Regulation

This study aims to analyze public perception of the dissemination of information on Regional Regulations (Perda) passed by the Soppeng Regency DPRD together with the local government. Regional regulations are legal instruments that regulate various aspects of social and economic life in the regions, but their success is highly dependent on community understanding and participation. A quantitative descriptive method was used in this study, involving 100 respondents in Soppeng Regency. Respondents are selected purposively based on the criteria of having knowledge or experience related to the Regional Regulation. The results of the study show that 97% of the public understands the functions and duties of the DPRD, but only 43% feel that they receive information about the Regional Regulation clearly and comprehensively. Social media is the main source of information, while direct socialization by DPRD members is not optimal. The majority of people (96%) consider that the Regional Regulation is made for the benefit of the people, even though they state the need to increase the intensity of socialization. Community participation in socialization activities is still low, with 46% rarely participating in these activities. This study also found that age, education, and employment factors affect people's perception of the Regional Regulation. Respondents with higher education levels tend to have a better understanding. These findings highlight the need for intensification of socialization by the DPRD through a more inclusive strategy and the use of digital media to increase public understanding and their participation in the implementation of the Regional Regulation. Conclusion This study provides strategic recommendations to increase public involvement in the legislative process and the dissemination of legal information. Keywords: Community Perception, Information Distribution, Regional Regulation, Soppeng Regency, Community Participation.

Understanding hypothyroidism: A comprehensive readability survey of health information sources

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the readability of Turkish-language online health information on hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder and to determine whether this information is sufficiently comprehensible for patients. Material and Methods: A descriptive document analysis was conducted using the Ateşman readability formula to evaluate the readability of Turkish websites providing information on hypothyroidism. The study analyzed 52 websites, chosen from the first 100 results in Google searches for "What is hypothyroidism?" (in Turkish). The sources of these websites were categorized into health professionals, private institutions, university hospitals, medical laboratories, and others. The average Word length (AWL) and average sentence length (ASL) were calculated for each website, and readability scores were analyzed. Results: The AWL ranged from 2.64 to 3.17 syllables, and the ASL ranged from 5.2 to 14.2 words per sentence. The average Ateşman readability score was 58.8 ± 6.4, indicating a moderate difficulty level. Of the websites, 86.5% were moderately difficult, 9.6% difficult, and 3.8% easy to read. No significant differences were found between different website sources regarding readability scores (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study found that Turkish online information regarding hypothyroidism is moderately difficult to read, which may hinder accessibility for individuals with lower educational levels. Simplifying these resources could improve public understanding and patient engagement in managing hypothyroidism.

Awareness of anaphylaxis among public in Al-Ahsa City of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring prompt treatment with epinephrine. However, gaps in public understanding exist globally. To guide future education efforts, this study assessed anaphylaxis awareness among adults in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey assessed knowledge among 380 adults using a validated questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used with data collected via online platforms. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were tested. We analyzed the data using SPSS software. Knowledge was suboptimal, with a mean score of 34.5/60. Most identified the anaphylaxis definition (76.1%) and rapid symptom onset (78.9% within minutes). But just 37.9% recognized epinephrine as a first-line treatment and only 17.4% had auto-injector training. Nearly half (48.4%) needed to learn the proper EpiPen injection site. Under half understood the need for long-term allergen avoidance. Older age, more education, and Job status were associated with higher scores. This study reveals critical gaps in anaphylaxis knowledge among adults in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Poor understanding of emergency treatment and long-term management highlights the urgent need for improved public awareness. Targeted educational initiatives must emphasize prompt epinephrine administration, proper auto-injector use, and allergen avoidance. Collaborative efforts engaging healthcare professionals, schools, and policymakers are essential to enhance anaphylaxis preparedness through focused training and tailored awareness campaigns. This will empower the Saudi public to recognize symptoms quickly and respond effectively, saving lives from this dangerous allergic reaction.

PENYELESAIAN HUKUM KEADILAN RESTORATIF TERHADAP PELAKU PENGANIAYAAN

The issues above are rooted in the focus on a criminal act and the justice achieved through resolving a criminal case. The perspective on the meaning of a crime and punishment adopted in the current traditional criminal justice system is that “a crime is a violation of the state, defined by lawbreaking and guilt,” which is rigid and does not allow freedom for victims and perpetrators to resolve their cases. Based on research findings, it is known that the implementation of restorative justice for perpetrators of assault in the jurisdiction of Dumai Police, based on the Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice, has not been running effectively. Many cases between victims and perpetrators have not reached an agreement, making the process only viable if both parties, the victim and the perpetrator, agree to resolve the issue through restorative justice. The obstacles include the influence of third parties from the victim's family on the victim, the involvement of interested parties in the matter, the lack of understanding of restorative justice among the community, and communication barriers between the perpetrator and the victim. Efforts to overcome these obstacles involve providing input to victims and perpetrators regarding the issue, preventing interference from uninterested parties, increasing public understanding of restorative justice, and improving communication between the perpetrator and the victim.

License to rape: examining digital activism around marital rape in India

ABSTRACT An analysis of 60,000 tweets surrounding the #MarriageStrike hashtag that trended as a reaction to marital rape laws in India showed that in certain situations, activists can appropriate a misogynistic hashtag for feminist activism. But while this certainly helped facilitate conversations around women’s rights, its ability to fight gender discrimination was limited. This study also marks the presence of Men’s Rights movements in the Indian digital activism space. Tweets displayed circumscribed awareness about minority and caste-related assault in traditionally marginalized groups, emphasizing critical characteristics of digital activism around sexual assault in India. Conversations noted the generational trauma of assault and highlighted a narrow public understanding regarding issues of consent. Relentless trolling and extreme misogyny, led by organizations protecting men’s rights, operated as a type of citizen vigilantism and cruelly delegitimized crucial conversations regarding sexual assault in marriage.

Marine Tourism Development in Mattiro Matae Village Liukang Tupabbiring District Pangkajene and Islands Regency: Defining Minawisata Concept

Minawisata is an economic development that integrates the marine, fisheries, and tourism sectors. Mattiro Matae Village, as a marine conservation area, has great potential to become a center for conservation-based marine tourism. This study aims to assess land suitability and formulate a strategy for developing minawisata in the village. Using quantitative descriptive methods, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using land suitability analysis and SWOT. The results of the study showed that Mattiro Matae Village has a tourism suitability index of 100% for the fisheries sector, indicating enormous potential. However, the development of minawisata in this village still faces challenges, such as suboptimal local government management and low public understanding of the importance of conservation. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategies for developing minawisata in Mattiro Matae Village include leveraging natural beauty and biodiversity, improving accessibility and public facilities, implementing environmental monitoring systems, and providing training and education to enhance community involvement and awareness of conservation

Digital Reconstruction of the Snake King Festival Intangible Cultural Heritage in Zhanghu Town：A Multidimensional AI-enabled Animation Approach

The international community has widely recognized the importance of preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) for sustainable development. However, due to its inherent intangibility, ICH is at risk of degradation and disappearance. Although public participation is crucial to ICH preservation, it remains insufficient in many systems. Against this backdrop, this paper explores and emphasizes the necessity of public involvement in ICH preservation and proposes an innovative AI-based animation generation workflow to enhance the digital preservation and dissemination of ICH. Integrated into a 12-minute animation, this workflow vividly recreates the core elements of the Snake King Festival in Zhanghu Town, Fujian Province. Based on an extensive survey of the Snake King Festival dataset, this study successfully employs this AI animation generation technology to digitally reconstruct the dynamic elements of ICH, significantly outperforming traditional methods. The strategies proposed not only accelerate the digital preservation of intangible cultural heritage but also provide a technical blueprint for similar projects, offering broad potential for widespread adoption. The ultimate goal is to enhance public understanding and participation in ICH by demonstrating the immense potential of this AI animation technology workflow in the digital preservation of ICH, contributing to the sustainability of global ICH. Despite significant progress, further enhancements in the cultural accuracy and fidelity of the generated content are needed. Future research will focus on optimizing the model to capture cultural characteristics more precisely and explore the application of this method in protecting more types of ICH.

Analysis of E-Waste Recycling Intention in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Due to the increased demand for electrical and electronic devices, Vietnam has emerged as one of the major importers of electronic goods in Southeast Asia. This corresponds to Vietnam facing an escalating issue of electronic waste. In light of this concern, the purpose of this study was to investigate the individual intention regarding the recycling of electronic waste. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted among 1020 respondents with varying genders, and educational levels in Ho Chi Minh City. The collected data was analyzed sing SPSS and AMOS software, enabling the development of a structural model. The findings of the study found that social pressure was the most influential factor affecting the intention to recycle electronic waste. Following closely behind were inconveniences, economic factors, attitudes, and awareness. Based on the outcome, it is recommended that policymakers should focus on creating effective advocacy programs, enhancing convenience, and improving public understanding and awareness in order to help reduce electronic waste.

Ball Street Bridge Conservation Management Plan

This Conservation Management Plan focuses on Ball Street Bridge, a Grade II listed Victorian-era bridge in Sheffield, England, recognized for its architectural and historical significance. The plan identifies key management challenges, including structural aging, environmental impacts, community use, and the absence of heritage interpretation. A detailed action plan outlines strategies to address these issues, ensuring the bridge’s structural integrity, environmental sustainability, and role as a community and heritage resource. The plan emphasizes regular structural inspections, the implementation of environmental monitoring systems, and measures to engage the community while mitigating vandalism. Additionally, it recommends the installation of interpretive signage and the development of educational programs to enhance public understanding of the bridge’s historical and cultural importance. Through these initiatives, the plan aims to preserve Ball Street Bridge as a vital part of Sheffield's industrial heritage and a resource for future generations.

Aktualisasi Agama Sikh di Indonesia Melalui Media Online

This study aims to understand the efforts of the Sikh religion in Indonesia to actualize itself within the context of online media development. Although Sikh adherents are scattered across various locations, the study focuses on the activities of the Sikh community at the Guru Nanak Social Foundation, the most active Sikh community in utilizing online media, particularly through its YouTube channel, to maintain their identity and culture amidst Indonesia's religious diversity. The research employs a qualitative analysis method on the content produced by this community, including the *"Sikh Indonesia Podcast"* series. Data were collected by observing published video content and analyzing interviews and discussions with community members recorded in podcast formats. The findings indicate that the Sikh community's use of online media serves to preserve tradition and a platform to introduce Sikh religion and culture to a broader audience. Digital content, such as podcasts, plays a crucial in educating the public about Sikh values, strengthening community identity, and facilitating social integration through involvement in social activities like *seva* (community service). This strategy has proven effective in bolstering the Sikh community's existence in Indonesia, expanding public understanding of the Sikh religion, and promoting tolerance within a diverse society.

Analysis of Public Services for Receiving Complaints at The Integrated Police Service Center of The Bali Region

This research analyzes public services related to receiving complaints at the Integrated Police Service Center (SPKT) in the Bali Region. SPKT serves as the frontline for the Indonesian National Police, which emphasizes the importance of effective complaint handling to gain the trust of the public. This study aims to evaluate service delivery through indicators such as response time, clarity of procedures, and officer professionalism. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and document studies. The main findings show that although most respondents expressed satisfaction with the SPKT service, there are still some significant obstacles, including a lack of public understanding of the complaint procedure, limited facilities, and inadequate use of technology. These factors hinder effective service delivery and impact on public trust in the police. This study highlights the need for increased efforts, especially in socializing complaint procedures, optimizing the use of technology, and providing training for responsive and efficient services. Recommendations for Polri include improving communication strategies and infrastructure to better serve the community. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse to improve public services in law enforcement, aiming to foster greater community satisfaction and trust in the police institution.