Public Transport Facilities Research Articles

User Satisfaction of Accessibility to Public Transportation

This study evaluates user satisfaction with the bus in urban areas to improve public transportation services. Thus, bus facilities, bus accessibility, safety, and fare are critical dimensions for investigating user satisfaction when accessing buses in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 450 questionnaires were collected using a descriptive design and quantitative approach. The results show that the factors that need to be emphasized are bus accessibility and public transport facility factors. This study assists transportation authorities in addressing low-satisfaction areas to improve bus services and enhance overall public transportation use. Keywords: Urban Transportation, Bus Service, Accessibility, User Satisfaction

The relationship between accessibility and land prices: A focus on accessibility to transit in the 15-min city

In the context of local residents’ travel activities, access to transportation facilities is crucial and a key factor in achieving the goals of a 15-min city. However, current research on accessibility and land prices seldom fully considers the exploration of the relationship between the two using machine learning models. In this study, we conduct an analysis based on land price and accessibility in Beijing. Firstly, factors such as accessibility, population density, land use types, the number of Points of Interest (POI), and housing prices are selected as independent variables for the model, with land price as the dependent variable. Secondly, the CatBoost model is employed to investigate the complex relationship between accessibility to transit and land prices. Finally, the study introduces the XGBoost model and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method for comparison, validating the effectiveness of the CatBoost model in studying the complex relationship between accessibility and land prices through the comparison of model performance evaluation metrics. A clear nonlinear relationship exists between public transportation accessibility and land prices. Accessibility to bus within a 15-min bicycle is positively associated with land price; its trend shows a sharp increase followed by a gradual increase, and then another sharp increase. Accessibility to metro within the multistage distance threshold walk has a roughly positive association with land price within a certain range. While accessibility to bus within a 15-min walk and accessibility to bus within the multistage distance threshold walk have a negative association with land price. The nonlinear patterns between the four accessibility variables and land prices differ and exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Both housing prices and population density positively correlate with land prices. Housing prices sharply increase, then gradually, while population density gradually rises, then sharply. This paper explores the relationship between the two, reinforcing research on the mutual influence of public transportation facilities and surrounding environmental elements. It provides a theoretical basis for promoting transit-oriented development (TOD) and city planning.

Does Urbanization Impede Environmental Sustainability? Panel Data Evidence from South Asia

Climate change and global warming are burning issues in present era and urbanization can be a factor of carbon dioxide emission expansion which erodes environment quality. Considering rapid urbanization in South Asia during last few decades, this study examines the association between urbanization and CO2 emission. Panel data time series econometric techniques such as; panel DOLS, FMOLS and granger causality are applied by using panel data for 1973-2018. The results show that urbanization increases CO2 emission in the long run and this finding is also supported by the results of individual country based analyses. Moreover, unidirectional causal linkage from urban expansion to carbon dioxide emission and from energy consumption to carbon emission prevail. Important policy implications are proposed based on the findings. Energy efficient urban public transportation facilities, industrial emission abatement policies, awareness of masses through media etc. can help to reduce carbon emission whereas provision of social amenities in rural areas can lead to ease press of human movement towards urban areas.

Ransomware as a threat to peace and security: understanding and avoiding political worst-case scenarios

ABSTRACT Ransomware is arguably the most disruptive cyber-dependent crime to date. It not only causes considerable economic loss globally but it also threatens public services and security such as critical infrastructure including public transport and healthcare facilities. In this paper, our aim is to foster a better understanding of the threat to peace and security, as well as facilitate debates on effective institutional remedies in a multilateral context. We will, therefore, engage in scenario building to identify plausible linkages between ransomware and political escalation at various levels. Three such linkages or causal chains are conceivable in our view. First, ransomware may aggravate the under-provision of basic public services within fragile societies and thus fuel intra-state conflicts around inequality and economic disparities. Second, amid geostrategic competition, increased high-tech sanctions and export controls may be undermined by state-sponsored cybercrime. Lastly, the risk of unintended escalation stemming from misattribution or operational errors is increasing. Following a risk analysis of the three aforementioned causal chains, we will then move to possible institutional remedies and address the numerous factors hindering progress at the global level.

Social sustainability in urban mobility: An approach for policies and urban planning from the Global South

Historically, transportation projects and urban mobility policies overlook the dimension of social sustainability, mainly focusing on economic and environmental criteria. This neglect, seen enhanced in the Global South, leads to long travel times, growing congestion, reliance on motorcycles, high traffic accident rates, and limited access to public transport, jobs, and urban facilities, especially for the more vulnerable population. In light of these issues, this paper proposes the Social Sustainability of Urban Mobility (SSUM) approach as an analytical framework that assesses the state of social sustainability in urban mobility by applying a Systematic Literature Review where three gaps were found. First, by tailoring the SSUM approach to the context of the Global South, it is possible to address the population-focused gap in urban mobility. Second, in the literature review, a theoretical gap defining social sustainability in urban mobility and its three primary categories has yet to reach a consensus among practitioners and academics. Finally, more empirical research should be conducted to discuss methodological aspects of operationalizing the SSUM approach through the three main categories: accessibility, the sustainability of the community, and institutionality. The SSUM approach promotes implementing a sustainable urban agenda that builds inclusive, equitable, and just cities in urban mobility.

The association of road, traffic, and environmental factors with wrong-way riding behavior on shared e-bikes

Wrong-way riding (WWR) behavior of electric bikes (e-bikes) is a hazardous practice that frequently threatens traffic safety. It is imperative to accurately detect instances of WWR and analyze the various factors contributing to this behavior to develop and implement effective management policies. The emergence of shared e-bikes and advancements in machine learning have opened up new avenues for accurately examining the determinants of WWR behavior. Therefore, this study utilizes a large-scale dataset of shared e-bike trajectory data to establish a framework for detecting WWR behavior. Subsequently, association rule mining investigates the correlation among road, traffic, environmental factors, and the likelihood of higher and lower WWR behavior. The results indicate that: (1) In the association rules for higher WWR frequency, the absence of central separation facilities and bike lane separation facilities on the tertiary road, as well as lower land use density and the lack of public transportation facilities, enhanced the likelihood of WWR occurrence; (2) In the association rules for lower WWR frequency, longer crossing facility distance, physical bike lane separation, along with higher land use mixing and the presence of public transportation facilities, reduce the probability of WWR occurrence; (3) Time conditions display spatial heterogeneity, and different land use and road condition modulate the impact of time factors on rider’ intention for WWR. Finally, based on the study findings, adequate policy recommendations are proposed for urban management agencies to reduce WWR behavior and enhance the safety of the e-bike traffic system.

The whole journey chain with public transport for people with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a scoping review

ABSTRACT Independent transport mobility is an important contributor to health, well-being, and participation. Several skills and competences are required for a person to use the transport system. The characteristics of cognitive disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may pose barriers to independent travel. Methods The study’s aim was to synthesise knowledge on the use of public transport among individuals with ASD or ADHD using the whole journey chain perspective. A scoping review using the PRISMA ScR framework was conducted, and included articles published between January 2012 and June 2022. A total of 11 studies from four countries were included in the analysis. Results This study complements the whole journey chain perspective with a phase that takes place long before the journey begins, and which concerns planning and preparation. Confident travellers could easily learn new routes, while those lacking confidence faced challenges, especially with unexpected route changes or cancellations. Conclusions There is a great need for emphasis on the design of public transport facilities and public spaces to increase the sense of safety for travellers with ASD, and to assist them with information-seeking, comprehension, and recovery between journeys.

SECURITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS: VULNERABILITIES AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES

In the era of digitalization of urban spaces, video surveillance systems play a key role in ensuring public safety. However, vulnerabilities in the software and hardware of these systems can lead to serious privacy and security breaches. The importance of this topic is due to the growing number of cyber attacks and data leaks, the targets of which are often urban infrastructure. Purpose. The main aim of this article is to analyze the vulnerabilities of video surveillance systems in the context of urban infrastructure, as well as to identify potential risks to data security and personal privacy. The article seeks to identify weaknesses in technologies and offer recommendations for eliminating them. Methodology. The analysis used methods for analyzing data on violations in video surveillance systems over the past five years and a review of modern technologies: Study of modern encryption methods and practices of regular software updates aimed at minimizing risks. Results. The study showed that most video surveillance systems are vulnerable to medium-level attacks. The most common vulnerabilities are related to insufficient data encryption and outdated software. As a result of the analysis, proposals were developed to strengthen data protection, including regular software updates and the use of multi-level authentication and encryption systems. Practical implications. The findings and recommendations for strengthening surveillance systems can be applied across various sectors of urban infrastructure, including public transportation, municipal institutions, and commercial facilities. The implementation of these recommendations is particularly critical for locations with high foot traffic and elevated security requirements, such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. Effective adoption of the proposed encryption technologies and enhanced security measures will help prevent not only data breaches but also potential acts of terrorism or other security threats to citizens.

EVALUATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES AT PORTS, AIRPORTS, STATIONS, AND TERMINALS

Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country because it has thousands of islands spread from Sabang to Merauke. To connect an area or island to another, Indonesia has various modes of public transportation. Facilities on public transportation modes must be adequate to accommodate prospective passengers who will travel to an area. Evaluation of public facilities is very necessary to increase passenger comfort. This research was carried out using direct observation methods and using literature reviews from sources on the internet. In this research, there are several modes of public transportation discussed, namely Ketapang Harbor, Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, Bandung Station, and Guntur Melati Terminal. Ketapang Port has several shortcomings, namely improving the weather information system, improving the traffic operational system, improving services, and expanding the dock. Then, Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport has a shortage of VVIP parking spaces, so improvements are needed. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Communications No. 63 of 2019 on the Minimum Service Standards for Passenger Traffic by Rail, Bandung Station has not met the standards in terms of safety, security, comfort and convenience. Meanwhile, according to the regulation of PM No. 40 of 2015 on the Standards of Service for the Maintenance of Passenger Terminals of Road Transportation, the Guntur Melati Terminal also still has deficiencies in the safety and conveniency aspects.

Management of New Automatic Ticket Vending Machine System in Urban Rail Transit

The technology of automatic fare collection system for urban rail transit is an important technology for achieving automatic fare collection for public transportation facilities such as urban subways. This article studies the relevant characteristics of the AFC system. Through introducing queuing models, simulation comparative experiments, and neural network debugging, it is found that the automatic fare collection system for urban rail transit not only effectively helps station staff to allocate tickets in a timely and reasonable manner, adjust station ticket supply, but also facilitates station passengers to query tickets, and passengers can freely choose whether to take the train according to their actual needs. The experiment shows that the AFC system can effectively help passengers avoid traffic congestion during peak hours, greatly improve management level, and reduce labor intensity.

Examining the complex relationship between Urbanization and ecological environment in ecologically fragile areas: a case study in Southwest China.

The sustainable development of ecologically fragile areas and the implementation of regional coordinated development strategies cannot be separated from the coordinated development and common progress of urbanization and the ecological environment, and this is particularly the case in Southwest China. This study examines the interplay between urbanization and the ecological environment across 26 cities in Southwest China from 2009 to 2019, utilizing 30 statistical indicators to analyze their coupling coordination relationship and its spatiotemporal evolution. The Entropy TOPSIS method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the obstacle factors model were used to calculate the subsystem score, coupling coordination degree, and obstacle factors, respectively. Our findings reveal an upward trajectory in urbanization scores across the 26 cities, juxtaposed with a fluctuating downward trend in ecological environment scores. The coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological environment in most cities maintained a rapid upward trend and showed spatial distribution characteristics of "strong core, weak middle, and edge." Moreover, our analysis identified public transport facilities, aggregate purchasing power, and cultural supply service services as primary obstacle factors impeding the development of coupling coordination degrees. These research results offer valuable insights for informing future endeavors in achieving high-quality development and fostering ecological civilization.

The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission in Indonesia

Energy as one part of the source of energy has a very important role as a pioneer of economic development in the activities of creation, distribution, and consumption. This research aims to identify the causes between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia. The type of research used is a quantitative research type which is analyzed using multivariate. The research results show that there is a relationship that is strong and 2-way proves that there is an increase in energy consumption which causes an increase in carbon dioxide emissions or other words an increase in energy consumption so that there is an increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to the large consumption of fossil fuels and thus an increase in carbon dioxide emissions will also be large considering that consuming fossil fuels can increase the increase in carbon dioxide emissions to a large extent. The research suggests the government needs to encourage energy efficiency through carrying out accelerated development of New Renewable Energy apart from that the government is starting to implement the use of environmentally friendly and renewable energy and improve public transportation facilities.

Analysis and Assessment of Passenger Comfort Level in Sustainable Public Bus Transportation System

Passenger comfort and safety is one of the main factors in making the experience of using public transportation more comfortable and attractive to passengers. This study aims to assess facility design factors such as seats and handrails that are related to ergonomics, in addition to design factors, namely safety factors by identifying and minimizing hazards that can occur to passengers and procedures that need to be carried out in the event of an accident. To assess the comfort of passengers on the bus, it was measured using the Rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) guidelines, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and anthropometry to accurately measure body posture, as well as Quality Function Deployment (QFD). As the result, the new handle and passenger seat were proposed to comply with the ergonomic perspective. How much level of Customer satisfaction increase, can be seen in the result of this research. From using REBA Method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 3 for body posture evaluation score. From using RULA method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 2 for body posture evaluation score. It is concluded that the new design work and proof the new design was comply with ergonomic aspect. With this research, it will be beneficial for the sustainability of consumer comfort in Transjakarta public transportation. Because with the realization of the results of this research, improvements in Transjakarta public transportation facilities to support consumer comfort can be achieved and increase customer satisfaction.

IJCM_55A: Harassment in public transport: A study to quantify the violence against women in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu.

Background: A vast majority of population is dependent on the public transport for their day to day transit. Women travelling by public transport amount to 84% in India. Sadly, during the course of their commute, people especially women are susceptible to verbal and physical harassment at the hands of their fellow travelers. Many do not report and such atrocities aren’t brought to the media. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of harassment in public transportation in Chennai 2. To find out the association between harassment and socio demographic factors. 3. To find the coping strategies of victims after the harassment Methodology: This cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 270 includes women who are above 18 years. Data was collected from 5 randomly chosen public transportation facilities using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire which comprises of questions related to socio demographic profile, experiences of harassment and the victims behavior post the incident. Data analyzed using SPSS version 25 Results: Out of 270 women who were interviewed, 57 (21.1%) said that they have faced at least one form of harassment, either Verbal or Physical out of which only 4 complained to the police. 172 (63.7%) women said that they have been stalked at least once. Majority said they were harassed while travelling in bus. On doing chi square, statistical significance was seen with a p value of <0.05 in people who said they felt insecure when traveling alone and who were stalked. Conclusion: Awareness about gender-based violence must be taught. Bystander awareness must be increased, so that they can come to aid of women when any harassment is taking place. Women must also be encouraged to complain to the authorities. Stricter laws has to be implemented.

Age-Inclusive Transit Environments: An Exploration of Public Transportation Systems for Elderly

The rising elderly population and rapid urban development have given rise to many interconnected challenges demanding transformative changes in the living environments to facilitate improved mobility and accessibility for the elderly. These issues encompass insufficient accessibility and infrastructure that do not cater to the needs of the elderly. This research explores the public transportation facilities in urban areas, encompassing infrastructure, services, and amenities that are accessible to the public and designed to facilitate community mobility and to identify the current facilities in public transportation and assess how effective and accessible they are for the elderly population.

Resilience Assessment and Improvement Strategies for Urban Haze Disasters Based on Resident Activity Characteristics: A Case Study of Gaoyou, China

The popularisation of mobile information technology has provided access to the living habits and activity trajectories of residents and enabled the accurate measurement of the impact of urban haze disasters on residents’ lives, supporting urban haze risk response. Using the main urban area of Gaoyou City as a case study, this study identifies the spatial range and trajectory characteristics of the daily activities of residents in a haze disaster environment, based on air pollution monitoring and resident travel positioning data. We constructed an evaluation index system to measure the corresponding relationship between residential activities and haze disasters. The results indicate that the interference with residential activities and the adaptability of built environments are key indicators for evaluating urban resilience in haze environments, with weights of 0.57 and 0.43, and correlation indices of 0.67 and 0.81, respectively. The interference with residential activities and the adaptability of built environments exhibit spatial characteristics of cold and hot ‘multi-core’ agglomeration and ‘strip’ agglomeration, respectively. Specific indicators show that the residential activity exposure index is significantly influenced by the built environment factor index, with the vegetation coverage index showing a significant positive correlation (0.837) and the public transportation facility accessibility index showing a significant negative correlation (−1.242). Planning should focus on improving the adaptability of the built environment or reducing the interference with residential activities and enhancing the matching degree of the two at the spatial facility level.

Towards better public transport services: Understanding service quality attributes of public transport in states of developing countries

This research investigates the service quality attributes of PT and the influence of the attributes on users’ satisfaction. Improving public transport (PT) facilities such as road networks and connectivity systems must align with service quality aspects. This research investigates the service quality attributes of PT and the influence of the attributes on users’ satisfaction. A survey was conducted to examine users’ perceptions of the service quality of PT in Sarawak, Malaysia. Service quality indicators have been chosen based on service quality attributes in previous research and analyzed using factor analysis (FA) to group the indicators into service quality attributes. Conformity Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to determine which attributes could significantly impact users’ satisfaction. Based on the survey results, the service quality of PT services in Sarawak is average, as most of the mean scores for each indicator of service quality and user satisfaction are less than 4.0. Four service quality attributes have been obtained from FA, i.e., vehicle condition, customer service, travel experience, and accessibility. The CFA analysis and structural model results showed that the attributes of vehicle condition, customer service, and accessibility significantly positively impact users’ satisfaction. The findings in this research can be used as references for PT providers, policymakers, and the government in improving the service quality of PT in Sarawak State.

ANALISIS KINERJA ANGKUTAN KOTA DI KABUPATEN CIAMIS (Studi Kasus Angkutan Kota 04 di Terminal Ciamis)

City transportation is one of several types of public transportation facilities, this city transportation is used to make it easier for people to carry out daily activities such as traveling to shopping centers, workplaces, schools and others. City transportation in Ciamis Regency is available with a variety of various routes. Several transport routes are not running optimally in terms of performance, one of which is route 04 (Ciamis – Benteng) where the number of operating vehicles is not balanced with the actors of the community movement. The purpose of this research is to find out how far the performance of city transportation is at Ciamis Terminal for route 04 (Ciamis – Benteng) and also to find out the factors that influence the performance of city transportation at Ciamis Terminal for route 04 (Ciamis – Benteng). The method used in this study is the observation method by way of direct surveys to the field to obtain data as a reference for research. The results of this research on the performance of city transportation in Ciamis Regency route 04 (Ciamis – Benteng) with a load factor value of 48.61% <70%, this does not meet the standard provisions for passenger loading. Then the factors that affect the performance of this city transportation are the number of fleets realized more while the lack of passengers makes the ideal number of route 04 only 2 transportation, because most people use private vehicles.

Analysis of independent city concept in reclamation area PIK 1 & PIK 2 based on community, government, and private sector role

Reclamation is part of spatial planning to make coastal areas more useful, as well as to increase land resources from an environmental, social and economic point of view. The development of the PIK (Pantai Indak Kapuk) 1 and 2 reclamation areas is a concept of a sustainable Independent City. The role of the community, government and private sector plays an important role in developing the region. It is also necessary to pay attention to the environmental impact caused by reclamation activities. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods with a descriptive analysis approach by collecting data from review articles, questionnaires and using maps via satellite imagery. Through the participation of the role of the community which is divided into the general public, fishing communities, and affected communities explaining the interrelationships where the general public's perception of the most supporting parameters for independent cities is infrastructure and land use, then fishing communities have an impact on fish catches, as well as affected communities experiencing rejection resulting in a change in livelihood. The government's role in regulatory planning as a regional spatial plan includes planning processes, infrastructure, public services and a sustainable environment. The role of the private sector can be seen from the planning and development process which chooses to build supporting infrastructure such as tourist centers, shops, public transportation and other facilities. CSR programs by private parties or developers are one of the efforts to contribute positively to the environment and surrounding communities. Correlation of independent cities with land use from planning, development and development processes that reflect the commitment and role of the community, government and private sector seen in 1995, 2014, 2023 The concept of balance and independence in independent cities emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in urban planning and management. PIK 1 & 2 reclamation areas based on independent cities based on the role of the community, government and private sector in regional development are the key to achieving sustainable development.

Determining Usage Intention for the Sustainability of Public Transport in Northern Cyprus Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Transportation plays an important role in serving economic, social, political, and population mobility. Public transport is gaining importance for providing sustainability, such as by reducing traffic congestion, noise levels, providing better air quality, and contributing to public health. Public transportation facilities are undeveloped in Northern Cyprus, and only buses and minibuses are available. Many people are ready to shift to public transportation if safe, reliable, and affordable transportation options are available. The theory of planned behaviour was used, and an online survey including 33 questions was conducted with the contributions of 385 participants. All variables of the theory of planned behaviour have a greater than 0.70 Cronbach’s alpha value; therefore, multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS V27 program was conducted to detect the impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on behavioural intention. Note that 32.2% of intention is indicated by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The study concluded that subjective norms and perceived behavioural control have a positive influence on behavioural intention. Attitude is not a predictor of behavioural intention. Subjective norms are the strongest (β = 0.438, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioural control is the weakest (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) predictor of public transport usage intention.