Provision Of Public Transport Services Research Articles

KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DARAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI KOTA DEPOK

In achieving Depok City development, the role of land transport has an important and strategic position, so that policies need to be integrated in a single management policy and land transportation impact on the economy of the community in Depok. Various policies have been issued, in order to minimize the land transport problems, but no matter how well the policy will not work optimally for the management of land transportation is less addressed. This study used descriptive qualitative, because trying to find empirical facts with the proper interpretation of the action phenomenon. Results: 1. Selection land transportation that correspond to the characteristics of Depok City, and attentive to the needs and interests of all sections of society were different, able to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the provision of public transport services of the city. 2. Development of an adequate road network in the City of Depok has increased the economic sectors of society, increasing the value / price of land, the development of small-scale enterprises, medium and large, the product specialization between regions, the concentration and urbanization, especially in areas that have opened access roads and transport. Resulting in increased revenue Depok City coupled with equitable distribution of goods between residents, business lines spread across several regions. In addition, an increasing number and types of goods and services are able to produce consumer, government and industry.

The role of passenger-centric innovation in the future of public transport

Although hard factors such as availability, efficiency, safety, and comfort make up the core of the public transport quality of service, they are only a part of the bigger picture. This bigger picture is modified and shaped daily, where the increasing permeation of technology creates new possibilities for passengers to experience their journeys. Despite technology becoming ubiquitous in public transport, it has had only limited impact on how passengers connect affectively and symbolically with the service. This “affective gap” is at the core of what differentiates private and public transport. Being able to reduce this gap is therefore valuable to passengers and public transport service providers alike. In this paper, we build on existing and ongoing work to discuss the relevance of a passenger-centric approach to innovation in the field of public transport. This passenger-centric approach puts passengers at the centre of future solutions, where their evolving needs, desires, and values are used to guide how to enhance the existing core functionality of the service. To test our hypothesis that passenger-centric innovation is valuable to passengers and advantageous to service providers alike, we put forward a review on how innovation is being approached in both the aviation and car industries. This review is supported by our own insights, which have been based on data collected from urban rail commuters in Australia. We further support our argument by looking at particular examples of innovation in the field of public transport, and discussing the existing barriers and drivers that can, respectively, hinder or propel passenger-centric innovation.

Managing the challenges of combining mobilities of care and commuting: an Australian perspective

ABSTRACTWomen face particular travel challenges when combining commuting with broader caring responsibilities. This policy note considers the issues associated with meeting the transport needs of working women as they navigate their daily ‘mobilities of care’. We extend the concept of ‘mobilities of care’ by combining an intersectional understanding of the transport task with the principles embodied in the child-friendly cities agenda. These are discussed with respect to the provision of public transport services and infrastructure in Australia to illuminate the ways that such an approach could deliver transport benefits to those commuting with young children in their care, most often mothers. We also argue that transport policy, planning and provision must make an explicit connection between intersectional factors such as disability, class, as well as gender, and the substantive impact they can have on women and children’s mobilities and modal choices.

KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DARAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI KOTA DEPOK

In achieving Depok City development, the role of land transport has an important and strategic position, so that policies need to be integrated in a single management policy and land transportation impact on the economy of the community in Depok. Various policies have been issued, in order to minimize the land transport problems, but no matter how well the policy will not work optimally for the management of land transportation is less addressed. This study used descriptive qualitative, because trying to find empirical facts with the proper interpretation of the action phenomenon. Results: 1. Selection land transportation that correspond to the characteristics of Depok City, and attentive to the needs and interests of all sections of society were different, able to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the provision of public transport services of the city. 2. Development of an adequate road network in the City of Depok has increased the economic sectors of society, increasing the value / price of land, the development of small-scale enterprises, medium and large, the product specialization between regions, the concentration and urbanization, especially in areas that have opened access roads and transport. Resulting in increased revenue Depok City coupled with equitable distribution of goods between residents, business lines spread across several regions. In addition, an increasing number and types of goods and services are able to produce consumer, government and industry.

The taxi industry and transportation for people with disabilities: implications for universal access in a metropolitan municipality

This article focuses on the management of the taxi industry in the eThekwini Municipality. It examines how the financing of the taxi industry influences the provision of transport for people with disabilities highlighting the experiences of a variety of stakeholders of the Integrated Rapid Public Transport Network (IRPTN) and other interim measures to improve public transport provision. The research derives from a larger study on the factors that influence public transport service provision for people with disabilities in the eThekwini Municipality using data which was produced through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with a range of stakeholders. Whilst government and policy makers are desperately seeking to improve the transportation landscape, there seems to be little cognisance of the subversive power of the taxi industry as long as its interests are not acknowledged. Furthermore, the state’s constitutional mandate to provide access for people with disabilities appears to be subverted by the taxi industry, which does not seem to regard people with disabilities as economically valuable, resulting in their marginalisation, potentially compromising the successful implementation of the IRPTN. The authors also highlight concerns relating to the lack of effective interim measures and contradictory suggestions by the participants, signalling that any solution needs to acknowledge the complexity and multi-faceted nature of the problem, and that no ‘perfect’ and simplistic solution is on the horizon. The authors contend that unless sufficient consensus is reached among all stakeholders, the future of public transport service provision for people with disabilities in the eThekwini Municipality remains uncertain.

Hierarchical model of service quality and its effect on consumers' perceived image, satisfaction and behavioural intentions: a study of Bangkok's mass rapid transit systems, Thailand

Success of public transport service providers is dependent on how they satisfy their customers by delivering quality services. In order to understand this phenomenon, this study aims to investigate the effect of relationships between service quality, customers' perceived image, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in Bangkok's mass rapid transport (MRT) system. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample by distributing the questionnaires to the passengers at various MRT stations, out of which 400 passengers returned the questionnaires. The partial least squares method of structural equation modelling was used to analyse the collected data, assess the model and test the hypotheses. All the hypotheses were proven and the findings confirm that perceived service quality influences customers' perceived image, satisfaction and behavioural intentions significantly. Research implications and future research opportunities are also discussed.

Daily scheduling of home health care services using time-dependent public transport

This paper presents a real-world optimization problem in home health care that is solved on a daily basis. It can be described as follows: care staff members with different qualification levels have to visit certain clients at least once per day. Assignment constraints and hard time windows at the clients have to be observed. The staff members have a maximum working time and their workday can be separated into two shifts. A mandatory break that can also be partitioned needs to be scheduled if the consecutive working time exceeds a certain threshold. The objective is to minimize the total travel- and waiting times of the care staff. Additionally, factors influencing the satisfaction of the clients or the care staff are considered. Most of the care staff members from the Austrian Red Cross (ARC) in Vienna use a combination of public transport modes (bus, tram, train, and metro) and walking. We present a novel model formulation for this problem, followed by an efficient exact solution approach to compute the time-dependent travel times out of the timetables from public transport service providers on a minute-basis. These travel time matrices are then used as input for three Tabu Search based solution methods for the scheduling problem. Extensive numerical studies with real-world data from the ARC show that the current planning can be improved significantly when these methods are applied.

Local revenue response to service quality: spatial effects in seasonal ticket revenue data

Purpose – This paper aims to consider spatial effects in the analysis of the relationship of revenue and service quality. When firms’ customers are located in spatially dispersed areas, it can be difficult to manage service quality on a geographically small scale because the relative importance of service quality might vary spatially. Moreover, standard approaches discussed so far in the marketing science literature usually neglect spatial effects, such as spatial dependencies (e.g. spatial autocorrelation) and spatial drift (spatial non-stationarity). Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a comprehensive but intelligible approach based on spatial econometric methods that cover spatial dependencies and spatial drift simultaneously. In particular, they incorporate the spatial expansion method (spatial drift) into spatial econometric models (e.g. spatial lag model). Findings – Using real company data on seasonal ticket revenue (dependent variable) and service quality (independent variables) of a regional public transport service provider, the authors find that the elasticity for the length of the public transport network is between 0.2 and 0.5, whereas the elasticity for the headway is between −0.2 and 0.6, for example. The authors control for several socio-economic, socio-demographic and land-use variables. Practical implications – Based on the empirical findings, the authors show that addressing spatial effects of service data can improve management’s ability to implement programs aimed at enhancing seasonal ticket revenue. Therefore, they derive a spatial revenue response function that enables managers to identify small-scale areas that are most efficient in terms of increasing revenue by service improvement. Originality/value – The paper addresses the need to account for spatial effects in revenue response functions of public transport companies.

Exploring changes in public transport use and walking following residential relocation: a British case study

The promotion of local sustainable travel is ever prominent within local transport plans, although it is still not well understood how the change to more sustainable and less carbon-based travel can be achieved. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the travel choice mechanism following residential relocation. This paper uses a structural equations model and an ordered model to explore the drivers of public transport and walking use within an urban environment, using a quasi-longitudinal dataset from 10 communities in the metropolitan area of Tyne and Wear, in northeast England. The results show that changes in public transport use are determined by accessibility features of the built environment, alongside socio-demographic and travel attitude characteristics. Changes in walking, on the other hand, are determined mostly by built-environment characteristics. These findings suggest that a different approach is needed for the promotion of public transport use than for increasing walking trips (aside from walking to access public transport). The provision of public transport services needs to take into account the importance of the value of transport to users, to sufficiently attract and retain them. To promote walking, policy must focus on changes to the built environment (such as safety, travel accessibility, and the sociability of the environment), since it is changes in these characteristics that drive walking in the urban area.

Examining regulatory reform for bus operations in Latin America

Governments in Latin American cities are pursuing regulatory reforms to address the negative externalities of informal public transportation service providers. This is achieved by regulatory actions that work to consolidate many small operators competing “in the market” into fewer larger companies competing “for the market.” This reform addresses problems in the previous phase of the regulatory cycle, but requires a larger role for public authorities. The cities of Bogotá, Santiago and Mexico City took different approaches and have achieved different levels of formalization. Under these cities’ new regulatory regimes, bus companies have consolidated and public authorities now rely on renegotiation of contracts instead of open rebidding. However, industry formalization increases costs, requiring public subsidy or higher fares, and puts financial pressure on the public sector. These results imply a continued instability in the regulatory cycle; without increased public sector capacity, it is possible that large, entrenched operators and increasing costs will create a new market opening for informal service.

Reprint of “Planning in feasible region by two-stage target-setting DEA methods: An application in green supply chain management of public transportation service providers”

To meet green supply chain management’s requirements of a company and its transportation service providers (TSPs), it is essential to set clear, achievable, and realistic targets. This paper proposes two data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches to find targets for two-stage network structures. The objective of proposed approaches is to plan in feasible region. The feasible region specifies bounds to ensure targets are within current operational capacity of TSPs. Applying the approaches to set targets for 24 TSPs lead to different results. However, proposed models ensure that the TSPs would be efficient in their current capacity.

Planning in feasible region by two-stage target-setting DEA methods: An application in green supply chain management of public transportation service providers

To meet green supply chain management’s requirements of a company and its transportation service providers (TSPs), it is essential to set clear, achievable, and realistic targets. This paper proposes two data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches to find targets for two-stage network structures. The objective of proposed approaches is to plan in feasible region. The feasible region specifies bounds to ensure targets are within current operational capacity of TSPs. Applying the approaches to set targets for 24 TSPs lead to different results. However, proposed models ensure that the TSPs would be efficient in their current capacity.

User Empowerment and Advanced Public Transport Solutions

Local Public Transport is vulnerable to reduction of public funding even when users’ expectations increase. The only way to develop and maintain adequate levels of service may be to promote solutions that rely on additional (cheap) resources. Those resources can be the users themselves, with their always-on personal devices and their willingness to participate in the improvement of this critical sector. This paper aims to show that more than competition and liberalization are needed to improve public transport services; the users’ positional disadvantage must be reduced and lack of power remedied. Infomobility should be personalized based on individual user preferences. Users should be empowered to influence the service, which will give flexibility to the system and foster bottom-up development. They can become partners in the design and innovation of public services and entrepreneurs in the exploitation of new services. The different levels of user involvement are described. In a traditional approach, user participation can be relatively passive: the Public Transport Service Provider can adopt models to capture and analyze patterns of user behavior. Public authority and service providers can rely on infrastructures, including sensors, probes, and bidirectional communication channels, of nearly zero cost for the transport operators. Following a widespread trend and the development of information technologies and social media, users can participate actively, even contributing to the design of new solutions. The paper, based on the recent literature on user-driven innovations, illustrates modes and roles of user participation in transport services, provides evidence of the feasibility of active user participation in innovation and design, and introduces design schemes that exploit information and telecommunication technologies, social networking, and crowdsourcing to involve users in the design and improvement of transport services. The final remarks outline a strategy in three steps to empower users and improve public transport services.

Increasing the Safety of Railway Crossings

This article is focused on improving safety at railway crossings and points of active and passive safety features. Following these general safety rules we can reduce or eliminate the risks that increasingly affect the right of railway crossings. The article describes redundant lock crossing time which unfavorably affects the rail crossing accidents and the solution which eliminates this factor. The paper is supported by the VEGA Agency by the Project 1/0188/13 ”Quality factors of integrated transport system in the effective provision of public transport services in the context of globalisation“ that is solved at the Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina.

A mobilidade urbana: uma agenda inconclusa ou o retorno daquilo que não foi

O texto apresenta um resgate histórico das políticas de mobilidade urbana no Brasil, demonstrando como o tema foi tratado conforme o contexto político nas últimas décadas. O foco recai no período de redemocratização até os dias atuais, apresentando os avanços e desafios do setor, ilustrados nas demandas da sociedade e nas respostas governamentais. São estabelecidos os vínculos das pressões populares com a criação de marcos institucionais, estruturas administrativas e instrumentos financeiros em prol da melhoria da oferta dos serviços de transporte público coletivo, bem como os sucessos, fracassos e incompletudes das soluções criadas para suprir os anseios sociais. Com base nessa análise são sugeridas algumas direções, entendidas como contribuições ao recente retorno do tema à agenda decisória dos governos.

Problems with the implementation of bus transport contracting in South Africa

South Africa has had a policy of competitive tendering for the provision of public transport services (subsidised commuter bus services) since the mid-1980s. Although this policy approach was conceptualised by the previous government, prior to the transfer of political power in 1994, it was reaffirmed in a 1996 White Paper on National Transport Policy. Despite the nearly 25 years that have passed since the intention to tender services, only about 32% of the subsidy budget is currently spent on some form of contracting. The majority of services are still operated on authorisations (interim contracts) which formalised services that operators were operating pre-1994. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the reasons why public transport contracting policy progress has been so slow in South Africa. The paper relies on an extensive study that was conducted regarding policy implementation obstacles in general, as well as a questionnaire survey among the subsidised commuter bus operators to solicit their views on the reasons for the delay in the implementation of the contracting system in the country. The findings of the survey indicate that the major issues hindering the implementation of the contracting system are to be found in a lack of funding, lack of capacity to implement policy and major operational issues in the permit offices.

A standardised approach for sustainable interoperability between public transport passenger information systems

A significant number of passenger information systems for public passenger transport exist throughout Europe at national levels but, regrettably, their trans-national interoperability is very limited. Any passenger information system depends on several underlying heterogeneous information systems; ranging from the management of transport infrastructure networks, public transport infrastructure objects, public passenger transport services, and public transport processes and regulations. Public transport service providers have their own local information systems that should be vertically interoperable with their national passenger information system. In the future, a trans-national interoperability system is anticipated for national passenger information systems when journey-planning across Europe.This paper explores the interoperability of passenger information systems and any appropriate ITS standards. An existing information system for the management of public passenger transport is described, and a proposal put forward for implementing sustainable interoperability requirements. Finally, a European Passenger Information System – EPIS is proposed as a new solution for the possible sustainable trans-national interoperability of passenger information systems across Europe.

Workshop 2: Bus rapid transit as part of enhanced service provision

Workshop 2 focused on the role of BRT as part of enhanced public transport service provision. Discussion topics included case studies around the world; improved performance and operations; and better contracts, institutional settings and enhanced policies. BRT was identified as a vital component of modern public transport systems due to its ability to provide high performance and rapid implementation at a lower cost than comparable rail transit. The participants concluded that on top of improving trunk transit corridors, it is important to look to the first and last kilometers and the connections among transport modes. In addition, it is important to consider all dimensions, not just the technical issues. The workshop identified the desirable ingredients for BRT success, created a table of bus based options for different applications and a list of research topics.

Workshop 4: Designing contracts/concessions: What has worked and what has not and why?: 12th International Conference Series on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport

A contract establishes a mutual relationship between an authority and an operator. From the point of view of the authority, it is a tactical level mechanism to achieve the strategic objectives of government. Management of contractors translate the requirements of contracts into operational practices to guide the day-to-day work of staff for the delivery of services. Much can go wrong with contracts for the provision of public transport services. Workshop participants identified and ranked 25 potential risk factors. The five most important factors, which relate to objectives, tender assessment, allocation of risks, financial viability and dispute management, were examined drawing on the 11 papers presented to the workshop. Matters that work, that do not and would make the most difference to the success of contracts were identified.

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.