Public Transportation Monitoring Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ПРОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ 5G У СВІТІ ТА ОЧІКУВАННЯ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the promotion, advantages and assessment of the achievements of 5G technology in the world, the available results of the implementation of 5G in various sectors of the economy despite the problems with its rapid development. The growing needs for speed and bandwidth of data transmission, increasing the number of connected devices without loss of communication quality, reducing delays and increasing reliability in conducting remote operations in real time, the development of innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality ( AR) and virtual reality (VR), autonomous vehicles and the industrial sector, in particular on industrial automation and "smart" factories, the use of high-performance sensors and real-time robotics. The advantages of 5G technology, characterized by high data transfer speed, low support (latency), large network capacity, and improved mobility, are given. Episodes of the use of 5G in the military field in real time are described, to instantly store and reproduce large volumes of video and graphics, smart cities that use 5G to support a large number of sensors and sensors in the city, to implement a variety of services, energy management, public transport monitoring. Considered, the relevance of using the 5G mobile network in Ukraine remains high. The necessary steps in Ukraine from the development of standards, the allocation of frequencies, the creation of infrastructure and the acquisition of the necessary number of devices that support 5G are considered. A forecast of expected results such as infrastructure expansion is provided; access to a wide range of frequencies, including low and high bands; the ability to resist cyber attacks from a wide range of sources; energy efficient; compatible with existing infrastructure and other communication protocols. It was concluded that the introduction of the 5G network as soon as possible will provide an impetus for Ukraine from a technical and economic point of view.

IoT system architecture for monitoring and analyzing public transport data

The crucial role of public transport in the economy and modern city development is widely acknowledged. However, contemporary public transport systems are confronted with several challenges that require resolution. These challenges include real-time monitoring, data management, passengers flow optimization, and road accident prediction. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a promising avenue for the development of modern public transport management systems. By leveraging a diverse range of technologies, such as sensors, edge devices, cloud computing, and various communication infrastructures, IoT systems can enable the creation of robust and automated public transport infrastructure. In this research, we propose an architecture for a public transport monitoring and management system. The proposed system can effectively collect, store, and monitor public transport data, thereby facilitating efficient management and timely response to risks that arise in the transport system. Implementation of such a system would enable public transport administrators to monitor and swiftly respond to potential problems such as overloaded passenger flows, emergencies, and technical issues with transport systems.

Designing an Intelligent Real-Time Public Transportation Monitoring System Based on IoT

In recent years, smart public transportation has become one of the most important things for developing cities and improving people’s quality of life. Public transportation users face many problems, the most important of which is the long wait at the bus station. The proposed system in this paper helps users of public transportation to find public transportation, arrival times, and other information from any place and at any time using a mobile application. The main objective of the prototype is to reduce the wait time at the bus station by knowing the nearest buses to a user, the real-time location of buses on the Google map to help passengers track buses in real-time, the arrival time of buses, and speed. The system was implemented based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, by using the Global Positioning System (GPS), a microcontroller with a built-in Wi-Fi module (ESP32), and a mobile user interface by the Blynk IoT platform. The proposed system has been implemented and tested in real-time, where all data obtained is displayed by the GPS sensors for bus locations (longitude and latitude) and speed on the smartphone application. The distance between the bus location and the passenger that will appear in the mobile app was calculated by using the Haversine formula. It measured the accuracy of the distance obtained based on a study of several days at different times on multiple roads in Mosul city and compared it with the actual distance. The average difference between the calculated values computed by the Haversine equation compared to the data obtained from the actual distance is (177 meters) with a minimum error of 8 meters. The arrival time of each bus was calculated based on the distance and average speed of the bus registered along the road.

Development of university public transport monitoring system with mobile communication application

Development of university public transport monitoring system with mobile communication application

Traffic flow estimation and vehicle‐type classification using vision‐based spatial–temporal profile analysis

Vision‐based traffic surveillance plays an important role in traffic management. However, outdoor illuminations, the cast shadows and vehicle variations often create problems for video analysis and processing. Thus, the authors propose a real‐time cost‐effective traffic monitoring system that can reliably perform traffic flow estimation and vehicle classification at the same time. First, the foreground is extracted using a pixel‐wise weighting list that models the dynamic background. Shadows are discriminated utilising colour and edge invariants. Second, the foreground on a specified check‐line is then collected over time to form a spatial–temporal profile image. Third, the traffic flow is estimated by counting the number of connected components in the profile image. Finally, the vehicle type is classified according to the size of the foreground mask region. In addition, several traffic measures, including traffic velocity, flow, occupancy and density, are estimated based on the analysis of the segmentation. The availability and reliability of these traffic measures provides critical information for public transportation monitoring and intelligent traffic control. Since the proposed method only process a small area close to the check‐line to collect the spatial–temporal profile for analysis, the complete system is much more efficient than existing visual traffic flow estimation methods.

Public transport monitoring with route and dispatch management system

Nowadays, the operating scales of the public transport providers can hardly meet the market demand because of the fast expanding volume of intercity passengers, the laggard bus dispatches and proper route management systems. From the societal perspective, this paper, under the framework of a public transit network with bus service providers and users, presents an integrated busses network management system with poles apart intrusion detection system (IDs) using satellite-based technologies applied. The core software designed is to provide the passengers to observe the approximate location of their desired buses, which also requires customizing hardware at every bus station found at the particular routes and reporting stations. The route's management based solutions for the bus monitoring system are aimed to bring convenience and efficiency to both passengers and transport providers in terms of a decision support system, and thus improve the civic transportation environment and infrastructure. Key words: Buses monitoring system, global positioning system (GPS), radio frequency (RF) transceivers, route management, decision support system for passengers.

Integrating DSS in Public Transportation Monitoring Systems

Decision Support Systems (DSS) ensure the computer-based support for the conscientious decision-making in solving problems that require a large amount of information processing and complex scenarios. DSS for Transportation (DSST) are intelligent systems that are used at operational and organizational management levels. Operating a DSST in a public transportation web-based monitoring system is presented in this paper.

Human factors in technology replacement: a case study in interface design for a public transport monitoring system

This paper describes ergonomic issues raised during a project to provide a replacement real-time bus route control system to a large public transport company. Task and system analyses highlighted several deficiencies in the original system architecture, the human-machine interfaces and the general approach to system management. The eventual live prototype replaced the existing original system for a trial evaluation period of several weeks. During this period a number of studies was conducted with the system users in order to measure any improvements the new system, with its ergonomic features, produced over the old. Importantly, the results confirmed that (a) general responsiveness and service quality were improved, and (b) users were more comfortable with the new design. We conclude with a number of caveats which we believe will be useful to any group addressing technology impact in a large organisation.