Management Of Public Spaces Research Articles

Managing Coexistence: Resident Experiences of the Open Drug Scene and Drug Consumption Rooms in Inner Vesterbro, Copenhagen

The inner-city area of Inner Vesterbro in Copenhagen, Denmark, houses the largest open drug scene in Scandinavia. Since the 1980s, the area has been a gathering point for people who use, buy, and sell drugs. During the last two decades, urban redevelopments have resulted in marked demographic changes amid concerns about processes of gentrification. The drug scene, however, remains, and the last 7 years have seen the implementation of a new police strategy of “nonenforcement” of minor drug possession offences alongside the opening of two drug consumption rooms (DCRs) in the area. This article presents findings from a study of resident attitudes toward local DCRs and daily experiences of the open drug scene. Specifically, we draw on material generated via an online questionnaire distributed among residents in the area ( N = 566) and qualitative interviewing of 33 residents. The article also proposes a change in perspective toward drug scene encounters, one that is not hinged exclusively on a narrow understanding of nuisances understood as negative affective states. This new approach is employed in an analysis of resident experiences of drug scene encounters. The analysis shows that rather than experiencing drug users and the drug scene exclusively as a nuisance or threat to community order, most residents are supportive of DCRs and generally accept the presence of a drug scene in the area. The article concludes with a brief discussion of results and their relation to current debates on urban coexistence, progressive harm reduction initiatives, and public space management.

Using agent-based simulation for public space design based on the Shanghai Bund waterfront crowd disaster

AbstractWith growing city density and mass gatherings held all over the world in urban spaces, crowd disasters have been happening each year. In considering the avoidance of crowd disasters and the reduction of fatalities, it is important to analyze the efficient spatial layout of the public space in situations of high crowd density. Compared with traditional empirical design methods, computational approaches have better abilities for quantitative analysis and are gradually being adopted in the planning and management of the urban public space. In this paper, we investigated the official documents, publicly available videos, and materials of the Shanghai waterfront crowd disaster which happened on December 31, 2014. Based on the investigation, a detailed site survey was conducted and pedestrian flow data were acquired. To test the influence of different spatial layouts, an agent-based simulator is built, following the ASPFver4.0 (Agent Simulator of Pedestrian Flow) pedestrian walking rules. With the surveyed pedestrian flow data, the original spatial layout of the Shanghai Bund waterfront together with five other comparison scenarios are tested, including both space design and crowd management improvements. In the simulation results, the efficiencies of different space design and crowd management solutions are compared. The results show that even simple crowd control measures such as capacity reserve and more proper route planning will allow for a positive improvement in crowd safety. The results also compare the efficiency of different spatial operations and give general suggestions to the problems urban public space designers should consider in high-density environments.

Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration for the Provision of Public Open Space (Case of Taman Indonesia Kaya, Semarang)

Budget constraints are a common problem in Indonesian cities to provide attractive and attractive public open space. There is a need for cooperation between all parties, not only the government but also the private sector and society. These conditions encourage the Semarang City government to increase stakeholder collaboration in the provision of public green open space, one of which is in the development of Taman Indonesia Kaya. The purpose of this study is to examine the model of the collaboration process, the involvement and role of each stakeholder and the sustainability of collaboration. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, data collection using observations and interviews on each stakeholder element, namely government, private and public. The results show that the collaboration process model starts from face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding between stakeholders until the realization of attractive and attractive public green open space development. However, the sustainability of collaboration is a big challenge going forward. The structure of cooperation is not yet supported by clear institutional design, so that government courage and innovation are needed to determine the form of structural governance in collaborative management of public green open space. Collaboration should be carried out over the long term and use a networked administrative organization model so that the network that is built is in an administrative entity. The model is expected to create efficiency management and support the sustainability of collaboration.

Systemic Triangulation, a Tool for Complex Urban Diagnosis. The Case of Horsh Beirut

Perceived as a complex system, public space could be examined through the means of complexity thinking. Complexity thinking not only offers a new urban terminology delivering interesting insights on the city and its public space, it also offers new tools that could deepen our understanding of their major issues. In this paper, the complex case of Horsh Beirut is diagnosed with one of these tools: Systemic Triangulation. As a trans disciplinary tool for relational diagnosis, Systemic Triangulation acknowledges the inscription of urban problems in structural, functional and dynamic continuums, establishing the relationships between them, and projecting interactions between the system and its environment. This paper searches for the implication of this method, based on non-linear representations of urban reality, in public space design and management. And explores to what extent the systemic approach could give us fresh answers on classic urban problems such as dysfunctional green public spaces and spatial segregation.

Моніторинг розвитку міського середовища з використанням принципів міського дизайну

Місто – це багатофункціональна територія, де крім загострення екологічних проблем спостерігаються проблеми і естетичного характеру, які обумовлені впливом процесів урбанізації на комфортність міського середовища. На сьогоднішній день в Україні головним інструментом щодо використання громадського простору міст є зонування території, яке не вирішує головної проблеми – збереження історичної ідентичності міста. В статті висвітлені можливості покращення естетичного вигляду міського середовища, які ґрунтуються на принципах «міського дизайну». Доводиться, що «міський дизайн» базується на принципах Нового Урбанізму.

Study on the Potential and Problem about Management of Public Space by Public-Private Partnership utilized “City Convenience Increase Agreement”

Study on the Potential and Problem about Management of Public Space by Public-Private Partnership utilized “City Convenience Increase Agreement”

Fear and Loathing (of others): Race, Class and Contestation of Space in Washington, DC

AbstractOur article explores the cultural politics of public space and the placemaking politics of urban redevelopment in the Atlas District of Washington, DC, a popular commercial district undergoing rapid gentrification. The major questions we address are, how do race and class impact the ways public space is controlled and/or managed in the context of rapid changes in the built, economic and social environments of the neighborhood? What role do those narratives play in justifying changes in and management of public space? We focus on uses of public space and describe how various forms of power are linked to the control of space in the context of gentrification. Our analysis focuses on designated public space in the Atlas District—the Starburst Plaza. By analyzing everyday practices around community control at the Starburst Plaza, this case study focuses on the discrete methods by which the symbolic and material inequities promulgated by the neoliberal state are reconfigured through struggles to define and manage contested public spaces.

Urban regeneration through heritage tourism: cultural policies and strategic management

ABSTRACT In spite of its influential history of saffron production and carpet weaving, as well as its notable urban historic fabric, the historic city of Birjand, Iran, has lost its original appeal due to various social, cultural, economic, and physical problems. This research investigates the potential for heritage tourism to help regenerate a declining historic city by utilizing urban cultural capital. This case study utilizes a conceptual framework of current trends in urban renewal and cultural assets, as well as a SWOT-ANP approach to understand the primary ways in which a declining urban destination can utilize its cultural heritage to regenerate physically, socially and economically. Findings suggest that successful implementation or urban regeneration through heritage tourism occurs when a city makes maximum use of opportunities in four areas: cultural policy-making, holding cultural events, participatory management, and enhancement of public urban spaces through competitive/pro-action, diversification, revision and defence strategies.

Research evaluation on impact of mobile phone information technology on the urban public space development under the internet background

In recent years, construction of urban space in China likes a ranging fire, which effectively improves urban habitats. However, serious problems appear incessantly among decisions, layout, designs, development and management of public space in China.

Utilization of Scientific Methods to Improve the Urban Safety

There are more than 6, 000 municipalities in the Czech Republic, where the concept of the municipality is understood as a territorial self-government unit. Thanks to the operation possibilities of the local government, it is possible to solve the local problems in these municipalities, including examples: construction of various public spaces, transportation, security, etc. This solution is often better than would be in the case with the central management. However, this management has its limits associated with the budget parameters of the given municipalities and it is very closely related to the political struggle in the given locality. It is very common for the people who have no experience with the management of public spaces and finances to be elected to the new positions of representatives and mayors. This state of affairs may also lead to erroneous decisions that may have a long-term negative impact on the citizens of the given municipalities, in view of their efforts to identify against the previous political competition. The article makes an extensive research into the application of scientific methods, approaches, experiments and their validation that can be used in the context of the urban safety. The focus of these methods will be concentrated mainly on the municipalities (around 10,000 inhabitants). Applied methods will also be discussed with a view of the limited resources (budget, personnel, territorial, etc.). Part of the research article will be examples of good practice that have been used primarily in foreign countries. There will also be a discussion on the implementation and impact of these examples of good practice in the cities in the Czech Republic. Implementation will be discussed in two examples of the specific cities (Milevsko, Chotěboř) with regard to their budget constraints, state of roads and sidewalks and many other parameters. The aim of the article is to get a basic overview of the possible ways of solving local problems with a view to maximize the benefit for the citizen. The study was developed as a part of the research project TL02000559 and will be followed by further research with application potential.

Public urban green space management in Norwegian municipalities: A managers’ perspective on place-keeping

This study establishes a baseline for green space management in Norwegian municipalities. The aim of a comprehensive survey sent to all Norwegian municipalities in 2017, was to describe green space management and compare municipal differences in terms of place-keeping. Place-keeping, the responsive long-term management of public spaces, is used as an analytical framework to characterise the factors that influence Norwegian municipal green space management. The survey assessed place-keeping in terms of policies and strategies, funding, evaluations, management and maintenance as well as partnerships. Although Norwegian green space managers expect budgets to remain stable, they foresee an increase in tasks, more green spaces to manage and more visitors. To maintain the quality of green spaces, managers face difficulties such as incalculable financial challenges and a lack of techniques for evaluating and measuring the quality of green space. Norwegian green space management seems to be largely operational in nature, with limited focus on a tactical level. This is reinforced by a lack of municipal strategies for managing green spaces, potentially based on tactical and operational expertise. Only one in three managers reported having a strategy to maintain green spaces, despite the fact that in the survey, the quality of green spaces was rated more highly when a strategy was in place. Strategic management is suggested as a possible way to ensure quality green space. Individual managers appear to play a key role in the initiation of green space strategies, in reaching out to the political–administrative interface for acquiring sufficient funding, and to facilitate long-term place-keeping partnerships.

Research topic: Tourists’ preference for public space based on Big Data online. Case study: Fuzhou National Forest Park

Taking the Fuzhou National Forest Park as the research sample, this study uses the crawler tool to capture the comments of tourists on the network of Fuzhou National Forest Park, and uses ROST6.0 information mining software to analyze the emotional distribution and classification of word frequency. When analysed, the results showed that:(1) On the whole, tourists showed positive emotions towards Fuzhou National Forest Park, and the proportion of their neutral emotions and negative emotions was small.(2) Visitors’ favourite activities were “barbecuing”, “mountain hiking”, “leisure”, “walking”, “sightseeing”, “playing games”, “exercising”, “tourist-visit”, “entertainment” and “picnicking”.(3) Visitors’ favourite scenic spots in turn were “Banyan”, “Sakura blossoms”, “Peach Blossom”, “Bird Language Forest”, “Longtan pond”, “trees”, “Botanical Garden”, “waterfall”, “vegetation”, “reservoir”, “garden”, “museum”, “Bamboo forest” and “Plank road”(4) In the insufficiency aspect, the Fuzhou National Forest Park had the situation where there are too many people queuing up at certain times of the day.Finally, a set of public space management mechanism based on Big Data is summarized, which provides theoretical support for its management and optimization.

Patrimônio como categoria de luta LGBT+

Para os propósitos deste resumo, partirei da concepção de patrimônio como uma categoria Estatal de gestão do espaço público e da memória social (SILVA 2017). Nesse escopo, gostaria de fazer algumas considerações sobre o uso dessa categoria como instrumento de luta, como retórica que possa carregar pautas sociais em negociação com o Estado pela melhoria da qualidade de vida da população – aqui, falo da população LGBT+. Veremos brevemente, ao final, o caso da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo.

Spatiality of street vendors and sociospatial disputes over public space: The case of Valparaíso, Chile

In recent years street vending or street trading has become a focal point of political agendas throughout cities of the Global South. The literature of street vending tends to develop within two fields of analysis: 1- socio-spatial regulation, 2- socio-spatial appropriation. This research is centred on socio spatial appropriation analysis of street vendors in the city of Valparaíso, Chile, revealing social and spatial disputes over the use of public space.Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we present an in-depth view of social and spatial conflict identified by street vendors themselves, revealing how socio-spatial appropriation by street vendors is an expression of the social and spatial dispute over the use of public space. This study makes an original contribution by associating spatial conflicts of street vending with the socio-spatial appropriation of public space.Results show the need to include the socio-spatial logic and dynamics of street vending in the design and management of public spaces in cities faced with this growing phenomenon.

Gestión del espacio público y renovación urbana. El caso de la avenida Presidente Masaryk

Gestión del espacio público y renovación urbana. El caso de la avenida Presidente Masaryk

Public space quality evaluation: prerequisite for public space management

Public spaces are an important part of cities as they contribute to improvements in liveability, environmental quality and sustainability. Despite these conditions of public spaces in cities in developing countries like India, are far from desirable in terms of quantity as well as quality. Though considerable research has been done on successful public open spaces to identify quality attributes/criteria and their evaluation in the context of developed countries, much of this has been primarily aimed at providing design guidelines/solutions. Besides, the role of proper management in ensuring quality and overall success of public spaces has also been assessed. However, not much research has been done in this regard in Indian context, where there is a considerable difference between the norms and provision of public spaces; the usage of public spaces and their quality from those in developed/rich countries This demands an in-depth understanding of the problems and issues surrounding public spaces, the criteria for quality in public spaces, and development of an evaluation framework, so that appropriate management strategies can be framed for their improvement. In view of the above, the study investigates public spaces in the context of three Indian cities and identifies the quality attributes/criteria based on a survey of users’ opinion and observational studies of selected public spaces. Further, a framework for the evaluation of the quality of public spaces employing the Public Space Quality Index (PSQI), has been developed and applied in selected public spaces. Using the above methodology, public spaces in a city with different performance levels, and factors responsible for the same can be identified, which can then become the basis for formulating appropriate management strategies for their improvement and comparing performances of public spaces in specific areas of a city/different cities to encourage competitiveness among cities to improve the quality of their public realm.

Public Space Management in the Suburban Rural Areas Viewed from the Cooperation of Multiple Agents and Community Management, in Takasu District of Toride City

Public Space Management in the Suburban Rural Areas Viewed from the Cooperation of Multiple Agents and Community Management, in Takasu District of Toride City

Public space in an age of austerity

Through an overview of the decade 2008 to 2017, and looking comparatively across four northern European cities, this paper reflects on the changing nature of public space during these austerity years and on the processes of shaping public spaces. The paper draws from the experiences of London, Copenhagen, Malmo and Oslo to explore processes of the design, development, use and management of public spaces during this period. The evidence suggests that we have witnessed a period of significant innovation, side by side with major challenges to the collective approach to public spaces. This has led to distinct forms of public spaces that for good or ill have multiplied as a result of the trends discussed in the paper, spaces of; expectation; the private/public sphere; spectacle; respite; infrastructure; diversion; income generation; security; the ephemeral city; community control; occupation; disadvantage; and decline. Episodes of changing practice are set out in the paper and cumulatively reveal distinct and significant changes during the austerity era, although not necessarily in the manner that might have been expected. Instead, in these four cities, the impact of austerity seems to have been eclipsed by other evolving and competing public policy goals, and by the evolving range of public space types.

Role of Green Areas in Development of Public Space System in Small Towns On the Basis of Chelmza

Town, as the main environment of a majority of contemporary population, should meet collective and individual expectations of the urban population. The key role of green areas is to provide people with conditions boosting social interactions in contact with natural, safe and beautiful environment. Urban green areas provide the possibility to combine social life with the natural environment. The role of green areas in a town is not limited to merely providing the residents with the possibility of relax, health improvement or recreation. The need to have contact with nature in esthetic and structured urban spaces also indicates that green areas generate the town specific atmosphere and play a representative role as a n important component of public spaces and open urban areas. Green infrastructure plays a very important role in shaping the quality and state of natural landscape in a city, where green areas are constantly shrinking or their importance is being neglected. Due to the three major functions of green areas, the local authorities should be interested in maintenance of such areas, keeping appropriate proportions between open areas, including green ones, and built-up areas. The main purpose of the study is to identify the role of green areas in the process of public space management of a small habitat. The analysis applies to the space of Chełmża, a small town situated in the east part of Kujawsko- Pomorskie Voivodeship, in Poland. The article presents result of research, including analyses of green areas forms and their functions which have a significant influence on an increase in symbolic and esthetic values of the location, subsequently improving the quality of life in this town.

Paisagem urbana, espaços públicos e a gestão territorial em cidades médias paulistas: reflexões a partir de São Carlos, SP, Brasil

This paper discusses the relationships between urban landscape, public spaces, and territorial management in one medium-sized city of São Paulo state. Three sets of approach are outlined: the establishment of parameters for the characterization of the medium-sized cities of São Paulo; the specific context of São Carlos, with biophysical characteristics conjugated with the socio-spatial dynamics of development and expansion; and the challenges and perspectives in the configuration and management of public spaces and urban landscapes. It is intended to reflect on articulations between the fields of landscape and urban planning and indicate applications to the studied context, with integrations between design, instruments, legislation, and public policies.