Public Service Facilities Research Articles

Research on Location Characteristics of UCF Layout Based on DNSCAN Algorithm

Since the reform and opening up, the prosperity of culture has always been the strong desire of the party and the country, and repeatedly put forward the goal of improving the public cultural service system (PCSS), requiring priority development of infrastructure construction related to the vital cultural interests of the people. Urban cultural facilities (UCF) are an important material basis in the cultural service system. The essential assurance for achieving the goal of developing a PCSS that covers the entire community is to improve the layout of cultural facilities (CF) and to allocate CF in a scientific and reasonable manner. This research examines the geographical layout characteristics of CF in Xiamen using POI data from libraries, art galleries, and museums crawled by Baidu API and spatial statistical tools such as ArcGIS. Taking the interest points of cultural promote serving residents as research objects, the advancement of spatial pattern of CF in Zhengzhou in 2007 and 2017 was quantitatively analyzed by using standard deviation ellipse and kernel density analysis. The paper compares and analyzes the location distribution characteristics of museums, libraries, cultural centers, art galleries and theaters from two aspects of macro spatial form and microgathering center. Residents’ behavioral characteristics are introduced to examine the influence on the spatial form of CF, and appropriate suggestions are made for the planning and development of CF in Zhengzhou, based on large-scale field survey data and geographical detectors. This article, on the analysis of the state and international public facilities location layout on the basis of optimization study, starting from the present circumstances of urban public sports facilities layout, puts forward the geographic information system (GIS) technology and local approximation (LA) model is introduced into urban public sports service facility location, using DNSCAN network analysis function of urban public sports facilities in site selection and layout optimization, Provide a new method for site selection of sports facilities. And the actual case analysis, in order to provide a reference for the future location layout of public service facilities. Zhengzhou cultural resources through the establishment of GIS database, investigation, cultural needs, put forward the planning should not only include public CF, CF planning should also include the cultural heritage, cultural creative industry, and put forward the development strategy of the construction of the overall urban culture network, realize the cultural space planning and career planning, the fusion of the culture industry planning.

Contribution of urban functional zones to the spatial distribution of urban thermal environment

With the accelerated rate of urbanization, reasonable identification of urban functional zones has been increasingly important to urban development. In this study, we used OpenStreetMap and point of interest data combined with the classification standard of urban construction land, to identify the urban functional zones. In addition, Landsat 8 remote sensing images were utilized to retrieve land surface temperature, and the random forest algorithm was used to evaluate the contribution of different types of urban functional zones to the urban thermal environment. The results showed that the land surface temperature along Hunhe River in the central area of Shenyang gradually decreased. The temperature was high in the center of the experimental area and low in the north and south. Furthermore, in the main city zone of Shenyang, single functional zones accounted for 65.71% of the total study area, whereas mixed functional zones accounted for 34.29%. Among the various types of urban land, public service facility land contributed the most to the urban thermal environment with an impact of 21.65%, followed by residential, industrial, and commercial service facility lands, with impacts of 19.89%, 18.44%, and 17.58%, respectively. Additionally, the impact of road traffic land was 14.92%, whereas that of green square land was the lowest at 7.51%, 14.14% lower than that of public service facility land.

The Strategy Smart City Development Concepts in Indonesia

The government ability to manage the potencies and assets owned through digital technology is the key to developing a smart city. Standardization of public services procedur through ISO is the early stage in digitalizing the government services. This paper focuses on analyzing the implementation of the smart city concept in Indonesia and identifying the relevant, innovative strategies applied as a reflection of the transformation of urban areas. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of digital public service facilities in improving the community's welfare. The paper employed a qualitative approach with a case study. The data gathered from journal articles, e-books, official government data and websites, the latest online news portals, and the data of relevant others agencies. The results show that the smart city concept development initiative in several cities and districts in Indonesia is increasing, in line with information and communication technology. Accordingly, the smart city strategy developed relies on ICT-in public services. Therefore, the processes require massive campaigns for the community to get used to it. In addition, having good communication and collaboration among all stakeholders in society creates a dynamic of sustainable urban development framed in smart city project design applied

Urban configuration and PM2.5 concentrations: Evidence from 330 Chinese cities.

Preventing high concentrations of fine particulate (PM2.5) to realize the goal of sustainable development is becoming a challenge for rapidly urbanized cities. Increasing vehicle emission due to inefficient urban form is thought to be the main cause of traffic congestion and increased PM2.5 concentrations. Previous efforts attributing PM2.5 concentrations to urban forms are yet to reach consistent conclusions on practical environmental protection strategies. In this study, we considered urban compositions and their spatial configuration to propose a new measurement-urban configuration-and document the effects of urban configuration on PM2.5 concentrations. Using 330 Chinese cities as our sample, we found that the areas of two types of urban facilities, namely, residence and industry, are positively related to PM2.5 concentrations, and the area of public service facilities is negatively related to PM2.5 concentrations. Regarding the spatial configuration of different urban compositions, we documented that residence-industry accessibility is a key factor of PM2.5 concentrations and plays a more important role than the residence-commerce accessibility. We also compared the influence of two accessibility indices (distance- and gravity-based accessibilities) and further found that the effect of reducing the residence-industry distance is more remarkable than the effect of increasing residential or industrial area on reducing PM2.5 concentrations. Our results indicate that the key to reaching sustainable urban expansion is to synchronize urban constructions with spatial configuration optimization. For Chinese cities, a 7.52% increase in residence area requires at least 1% decrease in the average residence-industry distance to eliminate the incremental effects of newly constructed residential region on PM2.5 concentrations. This study casts new light on the relationship between urban configuration and PM2.5 concentration and provides decision makers practical and realistic approaches in realizing sustainable development goals.

Incubation and Innovation Design As A Potential Development Effort for Palembang City

This research is about the Innovation Incubation of Palembang City. Where, decentralization or regional autonomy has provided opportunities for local governments with their authority to try to strengthen public services in favor of the public interest. This research is considered important because incubation is a very important issue in determining the success of an area. The population in this study are areas that carry out incubation and innovation by utilizing their potential. While the subject in this study is the city of Palembang. The results of this study indicate that the activity of preparing the incubation and innovation plan for the City of Palembang is carried out through a series of activities, namely, the preparation of identification of regional potentials, the preparation of the incubation program, the preparation of the social and digital innovation program and the formulation of activities and action plans. The Government of Palembang City received two awards from the Ministry of Home Affairs as a Very Innovative City at the Innovative Government Award and the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemen PANRB RI). Namely the award for Top 45 Public Service Innovations 2020. In addition, with the emergence of an integrated innovation ecosystem, regions can make facilities to improve community welfare through public service facilities, empowerment and community participation, and increasing regional competitiveness.

How does the fragmentation of pasture affect grassland ecology?——Evidence from typical pastoral areas in China

Land fragmentation has a negative impact on agricultural production and human life and is an important indicator to measure pasture ecology. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the fragmentation of pasture and pasture ecology in typical pastoral areas of China. Introducingthe concept of grass-livestock balance (GLB) is to estimate the ecological protection status of the pasture, andthe revised pasture stock carrying capacity index is used to measure whether the GLB is maintained in the pasture. Meanwhile, the study reveals how to avoid the negative effects of pasture fragmentation through different grazing patterns. The results are as follows: (1) Pasture fragmentation is one of the important factors that prevent herder families from achieving GLB. (2) Rest grazing and rotational grazing can avoid the poor conditions caused by the fragmentation of pasture and achieve the GLB. Furthermore, rotational grazing can better alleviate the income pressure of herders than resting grazing. (3) Community-based nomadism has no significant effect on the GLB. That is possibly because communities integrate scattered land plots, but pasture roads, water and other public resources are poorly managed, and the “free-rider phenomenon” is common. Therefore, we argue that the pasture fragmentation problem should be solved using rest grazing and rotational grazing in different areas. Besides, more public service facilities should be built in the pastoral areas, and the government should strengthen their supervision to promote ecological restoration in pasture and increase herdsmen’s income.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT CENTERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO

The driving force behind society's economic development is people and their purposeful activity. Any purposeful human activity is preceded by a need. To carry out these activities and to fulfill constantly changing needs, appropriate resources - natural, human, industrial, financial, commercial, etc. - are required. However, these resources have limited amounts and are unevenly distributed with respect to individual regions. These issues are resolved in the sphere of commodity circulation by distributing goods in accordance with consumer demand.
 Contemporary urban planning in Congo is characterized by a process of rapid urban growth and the merging of several settlements into large agglomerations. At the same time, the population of cities is increasing significantly and their territories are expanding. Therefore, the development of a network of shopping malls in recent years is very relevant to the development of the economy, as well as to the architecture of Congo. The article identified the main factors that influence the creation of shopping and entertainment centers. These are the factors that influence the dynamics of human society. Combined with urban planning conditions and requirements, they become an important link in the complex formation of public service facilities. The emergence of shopping centers is associated with the need to develop trade relations and increase the level of the country's economy. Acceleration of scientific and technological progress affects the economic growth and welfare of the population, growth of production of consumer goods and imports in Congo, qualitative improvement of services, as well as the design features and commodity balance of shopping centers. The high demands on the organization of shopping and entertainment services also call for the creation of new, advanced types of buildings.

Evaluation of Public Service Facilities in 19 Large Cities in China from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

The equalization of urban public service facilities is important to the daily lives of urban residents. Spatial quantification of the supply and demand of public service facilities can reveal relationships between supply and demand agents and provide a foundation for the planning of urban public service facilities. This study proposed a comprehensive framework to assess the current state of supply (accessibility of facilities) and demand (population carrying pressure) of various public services in cities and determine patterns between different public service facilities. This framework contains three elements: (a) multi-scale spatial quantification of the matching of supply and demand, (b) spatial matching of supply and demand, and (c) spatial clustering analysis of the supply and demand balance. This study analyzed 19 major cities in China from a supply and demand perspective and examined implications for matching the supply and demand of public service facilities. The results indicated that education service facilities had the most appropriate supply and demand relationship. Areas where public service facilities had a good matching of supply and demand demonstrated a strong pattern of clustering. There were significant differences in the level of matching of the supply and demand of public service facilities among various regions in China. The limitations of the framework and future directions are discussed.

PERANCANGAN RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK DI KECAMATAN PONTIANAK UTARA DENGAN PENDEKATAN DESAIN UNIVERSAL

The uneven distribution of the population in North Pontianak District has resulted in rapid development. This causes less attractiveness in the North Pontianak District area compared to other Pontianak City Districts. The limited infrastructure and public service facilities and the large number of people from children to the elderly with special needs led to the birth of a design idea that is able to answer all problems, namely by presenting a Public Open Space that accommodates community activities with a universal design approach (design for everyone). ). Universal design is a design concept that is intended for everyone regardless of differences. The design concept is applied to the design of products, the environment, and even a public open space that can facilitate the whole community. The purpose of designing public open spaces is to meet the needs of the people of North Pontianak District and its surroundings regardless of differences in background, culture, language, knowledge and level of physical ability. The method used is the design thinking method, which is a method that collects data and looks for solutions in a design. Design thinking is a method of solving problems for users (users). The Design of Public Open Spaces in North Pontianak District with a Universal Design Approach creates a public open space that applies seven (7) universal design principles. 7 universal design principles in the form of products, facilities and spaces designed based on the Universal design approach.

Penerapan Metode Analogy Biomimicry Pada Perancangan Klinik Tuberkulosis Paru Di Surabaya

ABSTRACT
 Indonesia is the country with the second-highest number of positive cases of tuberculosis worldwide (Global Tuberculosis Report, 2016). One of the factors causing the increase in tuberculosis sufferers is the lack of public health service facilities. Tuberculosis-positive patients receive treatment at a health clinic. On the other hand, limited costs at the clinic have resulted in limited infectious disease prevention facilities (Curry International Tuberculosis Center, 2011). To support the aspect of preventing disease transmission with limited cost aspects, a passive strategy is used by utilizing the natural aspects of the clinic building.
 Biomimicry takes the concept of nature to solve problems in buildings using the Analogy design method and is supported by the Descriptive Model method from Nigel cross for problem analysis.
 The results of the design are design concepts and schematic designs from the clinic using the analogy of the photosynthesis process to increase oxygen levels in the room as an active strategy, and using vegetation components and building mass as a passive strategy to increase oxygen. The results of the design are following the initial goal of preventing bacterial transmission through the air conditioning system, as well as the goal of supporting patient comfort which is realized in an air-conditioning system that has high oxygen levels. This concept can be applied to other health facilities so that it can support reducing the risk of transmission in health clinics.
 
 Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, clinic, Biomimicry, analogy design method

Multiscale Effects of Multimodal Public Facilities Accessibility on Housing Prices Based on MGWR: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

The layout of public service facilities and their accessibility are important factors affecting spatial justice. Previous studies have verified the positive influence of public facilities accessibility on house prices; however, the spatial scale of the impact of various public facilities accessibility on house prices is not yet clear. This study takes transportation analysis zone of Wuhan city as the spatial unit, measure the public facilities accessibility of schools, hospitals, green space, and public transit stations with four kinds of accessibility models such as the nearest distance, real time travel cost, kernel density, and two step floating catchment area (2SFCA), and explores the multiscale effect of public services accessibility on house prices with multiscale geographically weighted regression model. The results show that the differentiated scale effect not only exists among different public facility accessibilities, but also exists in different accessibility models of the same sort of facility. The article also suggests that different facilities should adopt its appropriate accessibility model. This study provides insights into spatial heterogeneity of urban public service facilities accessibility, which will benefit decision making in equal accessibility planning and policy formulation for the layout of urban service facilities.

Bureaucratic Reforms as Triggers of Experimental Design: KBS and Public Building in Sweden, 1963–74

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between architecture and public administration at the Swedish National Board of Public Building (Kungl. Byggnadsstyrelsen, or KBS) in the years 1963–74. This government agency, which existed from 1918 to 1993, was in charge of planning, designing, producing and maintaining public service buildings and facilities. During the 1960s, it was subject to a number of major administrative reforms which, by rationalising the organisation’s activities, sought to make both the construction and maintenance of buildings more cost-effective for the taxpayer. These reforms paralleled rationalisation efforts in the field of architectural design, where structural and material efficiency were sought in the adoption of large-scale systems. The administrative reforms thus went beyond the reorganisation of departments and work priorities to permeate all aspects of the agency’s activities. The article presents the architectural activities of KBS as innovative and experimental responses to bureaucratic structures and requirements. Examination of the design and building processes of three projects — the national telecom headquarters in Farsta, the Garnisonen office complex in central Stockholm and Linköping University — uncovers some of the administrative structures deployed at KBS, and the creative and novel architectural solutions triggered by their integration into design and planning practices.

Mapping the dynamics of electric vehicle charging demand within Beijing's spatial structure

• Data mining from smartphone offers a new lens to study EV charging behaviors. • Location-based service big data reveals spatial heterogeneity of public charging demands in the large city. • Mapping demonstrates 45% of public charging stations in Beijing may be underutilized. • Spatial regression model confirms correlation between EV travel pattern and urban spatial structure. • EV charging behaviors vary significantly over weekdays and weekend. • High-density residential areas beyond the city center with imperfect public service facilities tend to be more reliant on PCS, which is often underestimated in infrastructure planning. Electric vehicles have been proliferating in large cities across the world, and we increasingly face challenges in estimating charging demand and in planning EV infrastructure. Focusing on Beijing as a case study, this research uses a novel data-driven method to measure the Charging Demand Indicators (CDI) derived from location-based service big data. Analyses through kernel density function reveal dynamic relations between the spatial patterns of CDI and the distribution of Public Charging Stations (PCS). Spatial match examination is conducted to discover areas of mismatch between charging demand and infrastructure supply. The results expose a CDI pattern which, although largely complies with the city's centripetal structure, demonstrates variations between weekdays and weekends and by EV travel distances. A spatial regression model confirms the influence of urban structure and distribution of amenities on EV charging behavior and suggests that particular land uses and location features have a significant association with EV charging demand. These findings shed light on the understanding of the spatial disparity between the CDI pattern and the current PCS distribution, which could inform future urban policies and planning of EV infrastructure with an emphasis on its coordination with land use, physical layout, and transit.

Research on Public Service Facilities for Customers with Children in Shopping Malls

Research on Public Service Facilities for Customers with Children in Shopping Malls

Layout Optimization Method of Public Service Facilities in Residential Quarters considering Time Distance.

The smooth and prompt integration of the general public into various economic, political, cultural, and other activities in contemporary society can be ensured by scientifically sound planning and the layout of public facilities in residential areas. An essential metric for assessing a nation's citizens' overall quality of life is the level of public service facility construction. The fundamental task of raising the standard of public service facilities is to elevate the spiritual civilization of the populace. A complex area with diverse socioeconomic and natural conditions is a residential area. This study examines the various modes of transportation used by residents in residential areas and divides the service offerings of public facilities in residential areas based on time and distance. The first step is to carry out optimization research on the design of public service facilities. The issue of public facility location planning in an area with obstacles is discussed. An improved algorithm model is created based on the algorithm principle after first discussing the research on the ant colony algorithm's method for path planning in complex space. This article proposes a path planning technique based on an enhanced algorithm. First, the environment is divided using the grid method, and then experiments are run on grid maps of various scales to improve the updating pheromone mechanism algorithms for measuring the effectiveness of path planning techniques. According to the simulation results, the improved algorithm presented in this article has a high convergence speed in a complex environment and can find a workable solution in about 65 iterations as opposed to the ant colony algorithm's need for about 80 iterations. Based on experiments, the algorithm proposed in this article has an average convergence speed of about 26 seconds, compared to an average convergence speed of about 35 seconds for the ant colony algorithm. It is clear that the algorithm suggested in this article has better work efficiency.

Fairness in Accessibility of Public Service Facilities

Fairness in Accessibility of Public Service Facilities

Assessing equal rights in obtaining urban public primary school services with case studies of Hangzhou in China

Obtaining equal urban public services is essential to social fairness. This paper presents and assesses the equal distribution of urban public service facilities in China by examining 177 public primary schools in downtown Hangzhou. First, we collect data on the spatial distribution, population access to services, and student enrolments from the case schools. Second, we build spatial and social equity models to assess the rate of present facilities' equity. This paper assesses spatial equity with factors such as school ranking, enrolments per thousand residents, and home-to-school distance by using the index's scoring method. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used for social equity evaluation, in which household registration, housing, and the number of school-age children per family reflect the education demand features, and the enrolments present the supply-side features. The findings show that the spatial distribution of the public primary schools in Hangzhou varies significantly from the centre to the periphery. In other words, accessibility decreases from the centre to the periphery direction. In terms of social equity, most citizens have access to low-quality education resources, while only a few citizens can enjoy high-quality education. Equal access to public primary schools faced three problems. First, there was insufficient investment by the local government, particularly in compulsory education. Second, there are variations in education investment among different administrative units in a district and historical inertia. For the sake of a fair distribution of public primary school services, it is essential to increase investment in compulsory education, upscale the enrolment of primary and middle schools, and boost teachers' competencies. Furthermore, to improve social equity, faculty exchange programs between non-key schools and top key schools should be launched.

Classifying land-use patterns by integrating time-series electricity data and high-spatial resolution remote sensing imagery

Accurate identification of urban land-use patterns is essential to rational optimization of urban structure. By combining the external physical characteristics of city parcels obtained from remote sensing images and the socioeconomic attributes revealed by social sensing data, land use can be better classified. However, most of the existing social sensing data have location bias and lack temporal resolution, which cannot accurately reflect the socioeconomic information of land use and leads to low classification accuracy. Based on the above problems, this study explores the deep semantic information of high-spatial and temporal resolution time-series electricity data to explore its relationship with socioeconomic attributes and construct a neural network (TR-CNN) that can fuse time-series electricity data and remote sensing images to identify urban land-use types. We selected Anyuan District in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province for a demonstration study, and the results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is 0.934, which is 4.3% and 6.7% higher than that of the ResNet18 model using only remotely sensed images and the LSTM-FCN model using only time-series electricity data. The results also show that the use of time-series electricity data can effectively identify residential and commercial areas, but it is difficult to identify public service facilities compared with remote sensing images. This study finds for the first time that the semantic features of electricity data can fully reflect socioeconomic attributes and can accurately perceive urban land-use patterns from both “top-down” and “bottom-up” recognition patterns by coupling remote sensing images and electricity data.

Analysis of Distribution Patterns in Mapping Cirebon Internet Service Facilities Using NNA Algorithm Based on Geographic Information Systems

Cirebon city moves continually to become Smart City by making technology to public service. One form of technology to public service to is by providing internet facilities for public or for community. Currently there are several internet facility services for public, but these services are only available at certain location points and are not spread evenly. Apart from that, the government has difficulty in determining the right location points to serve as public internet service facilities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the pattern of distribution of internet facilities location points so that they can be mapped digitally using Geographic Information Systems. In this research, the data used were 49 object data points for location of internet facilities in Cirebon. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed using the Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) method to determine the distribution pattern of internet facility location points. Based on the resulting distribution pattern, it can be implemented into digital mapping using Geographic Information Systems. So the Geographic Information System can help the government in making decisions, and for the public to find out the location points of internet facilities in Cirebon.

The Analysis of the Spatial Production Mechanism and the Coupling Coordination Degree of the Danwei Compound Based on the Spatial Ternary Dialectics

With the gradual deepening of the development of high-quality urban transformation, the “Danwei Compound” urban space production method constitutes the basis of Chinese current urban spatial transformation. The transformation plan of the original danwei compound “stock” to promote the healthy development of urban society has become the focus of research. First, with the help of Lefebvre’s space production theory, combined with the spatial transformation characteristics of its own structural form experienced by the Chinese urban danwei compound, the space production is divided into three stages, namely, the diversity-orderly type average space of the danwei compound system period, dispersed type abstract space of the commercial enclosed community period, and the integrated differential space of a livable community undergoing regeneration and transformation. At each stage, the government, market, and residents have different influences on time-space production. Secondly, using Hefei’s typical danwei compound as the research carrier, according to the space ternary dialectics, a multi-level analysis of “representations of space-representational space-spatial practice” is carried out on the production mechanism, and the logic of different types of spaces in different periods are described. Among them, the representations of space of the change of the danwei compound are the interrelationship of multiple governance subjects in different periods, such as changes in the implementation degree of governance strategies, the degree of residents’ community governance participation, residents’ satisfaction with community governance, etc. The representational space is the residents’ community perception and interpersonal relationship at different transition stages, Interpersonal trust, and other social relations’ changes. Spatial practice is manifested in changes in the support of public service facilities, public space, per capita living area, building quality, architectural style, and illegal building area. Finally, the three-dimensional space dialectical coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze and compare the representations of space of typical settlements in the three stages and the coupling characteristics of the representational space and the practice of space. On this basis, we provide innovative ideas and put forward relevant measures and suggestions for the regeneration, transformation, and development of livable areas.