Public Security Organs Research Articles

Study on the Transfer of Prosecution from Private to Public in Cases of Cyber Violence-based Insult and Defamation Crimes

Network violence-type insult and defamation behaviors arose in the Internet Web3.0 era, which is essentially a kind of network behavior after the alienation of the misbehavior, with the current situation and development trend of the occurrence of group violence, diversification of the form, behavioral concealment and "industry chainization". The introduction of the Guiding Opinions on Punishing Network Violence and Illegal Crimes in accordance with the Law, through further clarifying the standards of public prosecution, clarifying the specific procedures of "private prosecution to public prosecution", and clarifying the obligation of public security organs to assist in obtaining evidence, to a certain extent solves the dilemmas mentioned above, but there are still certain obstacles in the practical operation, and this paper is intended to provide a clearer and more detailed explanation of the dilemmas of network violence and defamation behavior. This article intends to analyze the practical difficulties of transferring the self-indictment to public prosecution of insult and defamation, and provide solutions for the realistic handling of such cases.

Optimization of Judicial Review System in Non-Prosecution for Corporate Compliance

As the reform of corporate compliance progresses, the system of non-prosecution for corporate compliance grants prosecutors significant discretionary power, making it inevitable for courts to participate in corporate compliance. Issues arising from corporate compliance reform, such as insufficient time for compliance rectification hearings, inadequate third-party supervision, judicial discretion abuse, and lack of unified standards for compliance effectiveness assessment, should be addressed. This can be achieved by establishing unified standards for compliance effectiveness, improving the transparency of public hearings, emphasizing the construction of a diversified institutional framework for multi-party participation in corporate compliance, enhancing coordination and constraints among public security organs, procuratorates, courts, administrative agencies, and third-party organizations, and improving the judicial review of corporate compliance to optimize the judicial scrutiny of the non-prosecution system for corporate compliance.

Military Organization’s Use of Social Media and Its Relationship with Politics: Evidence from Pakistan

The literature on social media (SM) use in government organizations primarily focuses on service delivery, publicity, and public relations. But, how a public sector security organization’s use of social media is related to electoral politics in a country is least understood. This paper conceptualizes the Pakistani military’s use of digital media, drawing on the theory of organizational impression management (IM). It further explores the impact of military-related social media activists (SMAs) on electoral politics in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model, demonstrating that the citizens’ connectedness with military-related SMAs is significant and positively associated with their voting realignments during the 2018 elections in Pakistan. The results revealed that the citizens’ greater online political participation increases their likelihood of connecting with military-related SMAs. On the contrary, their engagement with the offline political process reduces the chances of consuming the military’s impression management content over social media.

Intelligent Management Platform into Equipment Construction Personnel Training Mode Exploration: A Case of Police Equipment Management Information

To strengthen the application level of intelligent equipment management information platform for police officers, combined with the relevant requirements of the public security organ, education department and other departments, this paper focusing on the personnel training mode in the field of police equipment management information based on the background of intelligent management application, the connotation of professional development and the current situation of professional demand are analyzed. Through the study of knowledge system, curriculum system, teaching mode and so on, the cultivation of students 'skills and professional quality training are strengthened. The paper also discusses the existing problems in the aspects of the necessity, realistic demand, the promotion path and the evaluation of the school-bureau cooperation training mode. The model construction fully reflects the teaching needs of the police equipment management specialty in the information age, and establishes a professional ability talent training mode that matches the needs of the police equipment management professional posts.

SDG 8 – Decent work and sustainability: The case of a public security organization in Brazil

AbstractThe recognition of the importance of work and the worker in the context of sustainability and social responsibility led the International Labor Organization (ILO) to construct the central concept of this research. This study aims to analyze the work environment in police organizations from the perspective of the concept of work that the ILO has termed Decent Work. The questionnaire was constructed based on the literature and validated by experts. Subsequently, it was made available through Google Forms® and submitted to the respondents. The research was based on ILO indicators (employment opportunities; adequate income; decent working hours; reconciliation of work, personal, and family life; stability and security at work; equal opportunities and treatment in employment; safe working environment; social dialogue; representation of workers and employers), and involved the participation of 704 respondents. The main pieces of evidence include: partial compliance with the indicators of decent work, with a negative emphasis on the working environment, where 59.39% classified it as unsafe, followed by evidence of low institutional concern for employees.

Driving Risk Identification of Truck Drivers Based on China’s Highway Toll Data

Dangerous or illegal driving may disrupt the traffic safety management of public security organs, damage road infrastructure, lead to traffic accidents, or result in economic losses. This paper proposes a framework based on China’s highway toll data to identify dangerous or illegal driving risks, such as unfamiliarity with road conditions, overload, driving over the speed limit, fatigued driving, fake license plates, and other risks. The unfamiliarity with road conditions is identified with the frequency of driving routes. When the total weight of a vehicle and its cargo is greater than the upper limit of the total weight of the vehicle and its cargo, the vehicle can be judged as overloaded. When the actual travel time is less than the minimum travel time, it can be inferred that the vehicle has a risk of fatigued driving, driving over the speed limit, a fake license plate, or other risks. Two accidents are used to demonstrate the process of the proposed framework for identifying driving risks based on China’s highway toll data. Additional analysis proves that the proposed framework can be used to identify dangerous or illegal driving risks, and it provides a scientific basis for the traffic safety management of public security organs, reducing infrastructure damage, and avoiding the loss of national taxes and fees.

Policja II Rzeczypospolitej - pomiędzy negacją a gloryfikacją. Historiografia i postulaty badawcze. Cz. 3 - Losy policjantów po 1 września 1939 roku i podsumowanie cyklu

This article concludes a series of three articles. The first two, published in 2022, were divided into time periods; 1) until 1989, and 2) since the 1990s. The present one discusses the issue of the fate of police officers after September 1, 1939, and includes a summary and research postulates. The timelines used in the series are not accidental, of course, as they had a significant impact on the way historiography devoted to public security organs was conducted in the interwar period. The literature that deals with pre‑war police is relatively rich in terms of quantity. However, it is worth examining it more carefully as several works raise a number of questions and doubts. Next to very good ones there are some that should not have been published. If we take a closer look at the style of narration in particular publications, we will notice that the authors in the vast majority limit themselves to describing and reporting facts, avoiding factual analysis. Many of the publications deviate from scientific standards, focusing their attention exclusively on creat-ing the preferred image of the public security organisation in a given period of time. Unfortu-nately, this is noticeable not only before 1989, but also later, when the negative image of the pre‑war police was replaced by its excessive glorification or even mythologisation. Despite the fact that more and more issues are raised and some of them are further developed, we still cannot consider the state of research that I am interested in as being satisfactory. The following issues still need to be highlighted and thoroughly investigated: 1) police biography; 2) issues of formation, socialisation and mentality; 3) the state of morale of the police corps; 4) participation in the Polish‑Soviet war; 5) participation in ensuring the internal security of the state; 6) police‑society relations, including the creation of the image of the police in culture texts; 7) police participation in the protection of state dignitaries; 8) international police co-operation; 9) the history of the police in the individual provinces; 10) women’s police service; 11) the functioning of police associations and cultural and educational activities; 12) war pre-parations; 13) the fate of police officers after September 1, 1939.

Thinking on the reform of 'super-ministry system' and 'integrated police types' in public security organs

Thinking on the reform of 'super-ministry system' and 'integrated police types' in public security organs

Multi-agent modeling of crowd dynamics under bombing attack cases

Terrorist attacks are a catastrophic man-made emergent phenomenon. The current situation of international violent terrorism is severe. Public places with high-density crowds are more likely to be attacked by violent terrorists. To effectively reduce the number of casualties caused by violent terrorist incidents, it is crucial to take preventive management at the beginning of the incident. This paper analyzed the characteristics of the self-organization of crowds and terrorists in public places during a suicide bombing attack and conducted simulation experiments with an agent-based model. The simulation results show that unobstructed escape routes and controlling external sites will improve the evacuation efficiency of the crowd when a violent terrorist incident occurs; the pedestrian flow in public places affects the overall evacuation time; and timely and effective control of violent terrorists can reduce the number of casualties among the crowd. The optimized strategies obtained through experiments will help public security organs prevent violent terrorist incidents in public places and improve the efficiency of early disposal.

Determination of four amide synthetic cannabinoid isomers by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

Isomerization commonly occurs in synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Owing to the few differences in their structure and properties, it is difficult to simultaneously separate and identify them. Thus, the identification of synthetic cannabinoids is challenging, posing a threat to public security. This study aims to separate and identify four SCs, which are 2-[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-formylamino]-3,3-dimethylbutyrate methyl ester (5F-MDMB-PICA), 2-[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-formylamino]-3-methylbutyrate ethyl ester (5F-EMB-PICA), N-(1-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl-2-yl)-1-butyl-1H-indazole-3-formamide (ADB-BINACA), N-(1-carbamoyl-2-methylpropyl)-1-pentyl indazole-3-formamide (AB-PINACA).Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (SFC-MS) can realize the effective separation of some cannabinoid isomers. However, most laboratories are not equipped with SFC-MS systems. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-HRMS) effectively combines the excellent efficient separation characteristics of liquid chromatography and the powerful qualitative ability of mass spectrometry. It is a commonly used technical method for the detection of amide synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in vivo and in vitro because of its advantages of high accuracy and efficiency. Liquid chromatography allows the separation of tested components by exploiting the difference in the partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. When the two phases are in relative motion, the tested components are divided between the two phases, facilitating the separation and analysis of each component. Although the difference in the polarities of the tested amide synthetic cannabinoid isomeric substances is extremely small, liquid chromatography can induce a strong separation effect. The advantages of UHPLC-HRMS include high resolution imparted by mass spectrometry and high sensitivity, allowing its application in the qualitative analysis of various substances. Through UHPLC-HRMS, trace analytes at the nanogram scale as well as pure drugs and their metabolites in biosamples can be detected. This study proposed a method for the determination of two pairs of amide synthetic cannabinoid isomers-5F-EMB-PICA and 5F-MDMB-PICA, ADB-BINACA and AB-PINACA-through UHPLC-HRMS. A Hypersil GOLD C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) was selected for separation via liquid chromatography, and gradient elution was performed with methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate. Full scan/data-dependent secondary mass spectrometry (Full MS/dd-MS2) was conducted in the positive ion mode for detection. The results indicated that the four synthetic cannabinoid isomers could be accurately detected under the abovementioned conditions. The resolution between 5F-EMB-PICA and 5F-MDMB-PICA was 2.06, while that between ADB-BINACA and AB-PINACA was 1.22, indicating the effective separation and detection of both pairs. Furthermore, method validation was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the proposed method. The relationship of the four amide synthetic cannabinoid isomers exhibited excellent linearity. The correlation coefficients (R2) were >0.99. Moreover, the matrix effects of the four SCs in hair samples were between 88.67% and 111.76% and the recoveries were 96.23%-105.11%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSDs) were <10%. The proposed method was used to identify the case materials. AB-PINACA was detected in a hair sample at a content of 0.73 μg/g. 5F-MDMB-PICA was detected in a tobacco sample at a content of 11.3 mg/g. The results indicate that the proposed method can be used for the examination of practical samples conducted by public security organizations. This study provides a reference method for the identification of synthetic cannabinoid isomers.

The etymology study of “fetish opposition” based on FTA analysis and the police PR avoidance approach

Abstract In the contemporary post-truth era, there is a marked increase in the individual’s need for emotional expression and self-awareness. This paper introduces and defines the concept of “Fetish Opposition” through etymological research. Employing fault tree analysis, this study analyzes the risk identification and structural importance of “Fetish Opposition” in the context of “Public Security Prohibition” enforced by police departments. This is approached from the perspective of security system engineering, aiming to elucidate the underlying issues and delineate strategies to mitigate the phenomenon of “anti-public security.” This exploration seeks to provide theoretical guidance for enhancing the effectiveness of public security organs. The findings indicate that “lack of law enforcement transparency” holds structural importance of 0.186 within the fault tree of “Fetish Opposition,” making it the most significant factor affecting the entire system. Based on this insight, the police public relations department could develop targeted strategies to prevent such situations, thereby also opening new avenues for research in social psychology and the stabilization of police-community relations.

The System of Good Faith Acquisition of Stolen Goods Is Analyzed and Conceived —Starting from the Practice of Criminal Recovery of Public Security Organs

The System of Good Faith Acquisition of Stolen Goods Is Analyzed and Conceived —Starting from the Practice of Criminal Recovery of Public Security Organs

Spatio-temporal characteristics of sexual crime and influencing factors of commercial service facilities: A case study of Haining City, China

This study aims to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sexual crimes in Haining city and the spatial relationship between them and urban commercial service facilities, so as to provide decision-making reference for the prevention and treatment of sexual crimes. Based on the data of 311 sexual crimes in the case management system of public security organs and the POI data of urban functional facilities in the community policing system, using methods such as nearest neighbor index, nuclear density estimation and Geodetector, the data from January 2014 to September 2021 are analyzed. The formation of the spatial pattern of sexual crimes is the result of the multiple factors, especially the distribution of KTVs, Internet cafes, hotels and other commercial service facilities. Sexual crimes will increase significantly in areas with mixed facilities. We put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the effective development of sexual crime rectification work in Haining.

Innovation and Practice of Public Security Police Training Curriculum and Education System in the Age of Information Technology with Police Professional Competence as the Core

Abstract This paper constructs an educational innovation system for training courses based on information technology with the core of police professional ability. Firstly, using the vector space model, each document of the training course knowledge point establishes the weight information. Then, using the triangular dissection algorithm, the police combat training virtual reality scene is constructed, achieving two modes of display: a three-dimensional view window and a two-dimensional planar map. Finally, through the discrete point topology relationship, the scene image becomes more realistic and clear during the process of realizing dynamic simulation. The results show that in the police training innovation system constructed in this paper in the professional knowledgeability test, the number of people who passed the score is more than 300. The special course training had a pass rate that exceeded 80%. The research of this paper is of great significance to the reasonable construction of the police’s business knowledge structure and vocational ability structure and to improve the overall combat effectiveness of public security organs.

Beyond Reputation Management: An Auto-Ethnographic Examination of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Canadian Policing

Policing organizations play a vital role in increasing diversity and recruiting individuals from diverse backgrounds. However, they face the challenge of reconciling merit-based hiring with the influence of social capital, necessitating a stronger focus on equity policies. This paper delves into this intricate landscape, leveraging both personal experiences and the framework of employment equity laws. It also draws upon insights gleaned from the Sandhu case to advocate for a holistic approach that encompasses cultural and legal changes to combat the issues surrounding “otherness” within policing. Through a comprehensive exploration of these cases, this paper unravels an intricate tapestry of the challenges faced by policing organizations. It provides valuable insights into nurturing diversity, equity, and inclusion within these entities, addressing issues like othering and racial profiling. This paper underscores the vital importance of public security organizations embracing equity, diversity, and inclusion to better fulfill their mission of serving the communities they protect. By adopting these principles, organizations can improve their effectiveness and make substantial contributions to fostering a more equitable society, transcending the confines of mere reputation management.

On whether auxiliary police officers belong to the crime of obstruction and the object of protection for the crime of assaulting police officers

The Amendment to the Criminal Law (XI) sets up a separate crime of assaulting police officers. The purpose of this amendment is to protect the interests of the people's police, establish law enforcement authority and maintain legal dignity. However, the lack of clarity in the subject of auxiliary police has caused certain difficulties for law enforcement. Regarding the status of the auxiliary police, from the legal relationship between the auxiliary police and the public security organs and the duties of the auxiliary police, the auxiliary police do not have the status of "people's police" and do not belong to the protection of the crime of assaulting a police officer. But it is the staff of state organs, so it belongs to the protection of the crime of obstruction of public service.

On Liability for Damage Caused by Objects Thrown from a Height in the Civil Code of China

The development of the rules on liability for damage caused by objects thrown from a height has gone through a long process, and on 1 January 2021 the Civil Code came into force, amending the content of liability for objects thrown from a height. "The introduction of the responsibility of property service enterprises and public security organs has played a positive role in identifying the real infringers and distributing the social burden in a fair and reasonable manner. At the same time, we should also be aware that the rules themselves still have imperfections at the legislative and judicial levels, with vague boundaries of responsibility and unclear standards for judicial remedies.

On the Prevention and Control of Public Security and the Modernization Construction of Police Organizational form in the Pearl River Delta

With the deepening development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the water security situation is becoming increasingly tense and causing frequent illegal and criminal incidents on the water, which has brought great harm to the economy and people's lives in the Bay Area. On the surface of the public security analysis, the public security organs to the importance of the water police is the direct reason of the deterioration of the water security situation. The deep factors include the existing problems in the form of police organization form in the Pearl River Delta, the lack of police talents in foreign-related waters, the formation of mass prevention and mass governance network by unrelated people, the urgent need of water-related laws, and the fuzzy police organization form in water waters. The prevention and control of public security in waters should start from strengthening the legal standardization and unity construction of water area public security law enforcement, developing the academic education of water area police officers, cultivating professional water area police talents and strengthening the joint prevention and cooperation mechanism of public security in the Pearl River Delta region.

Naive Bayes Algorithm Mining Mobile Phone Trojan Crime Clues

After the mobile phone virus infects the mobile phone, it can transmit the real-time information of the user to the designated place set by the virus through the built-in recorder and camera on the mobile phone, thereby causing information leakage. With the rapid development of the Internet, the penetration rate of mobile terminals is also increasing day by day. As an emerging mobile terminal, smart phones have now fully occupied the market. With this trend, the importance of mobile phone information security is also increasing day by day. How to prevent mobile phone virus has gradually become an important issue. Trojan horse crime cases have different manifestations and behavioral characteristics from traditional cases. They have the characteristics of low crime cost, high income, high concealment, novel criminal methods, and great difficulty in detection, which brings greater difficulties to the public security organs in their investigation and detection. And the current research on mobile phone virus behavior is still in the preliminary stage, and some existing detection models can only target random networks. Trojan horses, viruses, and malicious software for smartphones have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, seriously infringing on the data security of mobile communication terminals, such as mobile phones and causing incalculable losses to users. This paper proposes a naive Bayesian algorithm to mine the clues of the criminal cases of mobile phone Trojans. It helps detect and discover new viruses at the beginning of an attack, allowing them to be more effectively defended and contained. And based on the feature set data extracted from the network data packets, it conducts an in-depth analysis of the current business behaviors of mobile phone Trojans, such as propagation and implantation, remote control, leakage of user privacy information, and malicious ordering, and extracts its behavior characteristics. Thus, unknown mobile Trojan horses that are taking place can be detected. The experimental results of the naive Bayesian classification algorithm proposed in this paper show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of mobile phone Trojan virus mining by 28%, which plays a significant role.

The Inspection and Standardization Construction of Police Response Procedure of Public Security Organization

As the defender of social order, the public security organizations need to have a corresponding power when facing various complex social risks, and have the power to impose coercive force on the object of enforcing. At present, police attacks occur from time to time, and such incidents not only seriously threaten the personal safety of the police, but also directly affect the authority of the public security enforcement. The construction of police response procedures of the public security organization is significant, however, as an institution that involve in violence, the prudent attitude towards the construction of their authority needs to be taken, which helps to improve the efficiency of the enforcement of the public security organization, and establish an absolute control of enforcement. On the other hand, there is a need to improve the efficiency of the enforcement of the public security organization, and establish an absolute control of enforcement. However, the negative effect of the expansion of power should not be ignored, because the flood of power will also constitute the greatest threat to the protection of human rights. The enforcement of the public security organization has various contents, and it is a complex procedure in terms of the link of the police disposal, strengthening the standardization of its procedures due to the prerequisite of the establish authority.