Public Security Forces Research Articles

GESTÃO DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO DAS FORÇAS DE SEGURANÇA

Public security management is a complex challenge that requires efficient coordination between various security forces. Integration between these forces is essential to ensure an effective response to crimes, disasters and emergencies. The general objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of integrating public security forces, analyzing their practices, challenges and benefits. Initially, research was carried out on public security management, which demonstrated that prevention is a more effective means than reprimand in security management. And this path led to highlighting the importance of the integration of security forces, proving to be essential for a coordinated approach to public security. To understand the integration of security forces, international models were analyzed, after which the possibility, need and challenges of this integration in Brazil were analyzed. The analysis is supported by a review of relevant literature and contemporary management models.

Vietnam in 2023

Vietnam experienced drastic political and economic disruptions in 2023. The anti-corruption campaign reached the very top level of government. Ongoing prosecutions and new arrests targeted the business sector. Vietnam successfully navigated an unprecedented leadership change and restored stability to the political system, emboldening the public security forces in the process. International relations were marked by successful upgrades of ties to both the US and China. However, a shaky domestic capital market, shrinking global demand, and the side effects of anti-corruption drives resulted in a significant economic slowdown.

Framing spaces as (il)legitimate: “dirty” cobalt and the (mis)uses of artisanal and small-scale mining sites in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

ABSTRACT As large-scale mining (LSM) companies and other commercial actors capitalise on a demand boom for Congolese cobalt, they have framed artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) spaces as problematic and illegitimate to make themselves appear “cleaner” than locally legitimate artisanal mining. Firms have emphasised the negative facets of artisanally mined cobalt, characterising their own production as “clean” and problem free. Capitalist actors’ framing of artisanal mining spaces as “illegitimate” or “dirty” is a powerful narrative that produces significant consequences. First, ASM, a minority of total cobalt production, becomes the focus of negative publicity; this framing erases the negative impacts of LSM. In turn, illicit “taxation” by public and private security forces at LSM sites is overlooked despite its systemic, organised nature. Next, the framing obscures the multiple interconnections between ASM and LSM. Finally, the framing of ASM spaces allows capitalist actors to claim these spaces to reshape and “organise” them.

Cidades inteligentes e inovação: a videovigilância na Segurança Pública de Recife, Brasil

Abstract This paper analyzes the influence of government support on the implementation of video surveillance, one of the tools usable in smart cities, and the effect of this technology on the performance of public security in the city of Recife. With a qualitative approach, the study locus was the Integrated Center (CIODS), which encompasses the public security forces and provides the video monitoring service in Recife. Interviews were conducted with video surveillance operators. The results show that government support is essential; however, in Recife, it is understood as insufficient for the use of innovations in public security, especially concerning the technology analyzed here. It is concluded that integration between agencies in the video surveillance system favors the expansion and applicability of the concept of smart cities to Recife.

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

(1) Background: The use of force by public and private security forces is currently an issue of great relevance because of the potential injuries caused by any excessive use of force by either active or passive subjects or a deficit in the real mastery of appropriate physical intervention techniques (PITs). For this reason, certain traditionally used physical intervention techniques have been questioned by scientific research studies and punished by justice. On the other hand, certain media have dealt with this matter in a biased and unfair manner by broadcasting videos where the use of force by police officer is displayed out of context. As a consequence, this problem has been brought under the spotlight, causing general uneasiness of the communities and rapidly spreading over social networks while favoring all sorts of parallel judgments. (2) Research method: A suit was equipped with 19 inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a Biomechanics of Bodies software application for Marras analysis of the data collected on trajectory, trunk twisting velocity, sagittal angle, load, and nature and severity of the injuries associated with the different intervention techniques examined. (3) Results: According to the data registered, the implementation of operational tactical procedures (OTPs) reduces the probability of injuries and leads to a more satisfactory outcome. (4) Conclusions: The implementation of operational tactical procedures, together with an awareness of the risks associated with the excessive use of force by public and private security forces and bodies, could reduce the risk of injuries suffered by both officers and citizens.

Interfaces between human rights and police-military training: achievements and challenges

History built the need for the promulgation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Member States are committed to making efforts to ensure that these Rights are propagated and implemented. In this scenario, the role of public security forces is essential for the UDHR to be implemented as a real right. This article aims to contextualize the importance of the UDHR in interface with police-military training, presenting the achievements to be celebrated and the challenges to be achieved. It is a bibliographical review research, having as sources laws, official documents and doctrine that support the critical reflection on the theme. It is noticed that even with important advances in doctrine, bringing the UDHR closer to police-military training, the practice still demands more effective actions that deconstruct the paradigm of hatred towards the UDHR, making it constant in police-military action.

GUARDA MUNICIPAL NA AREA DE FRONTEIRA COM SUA CONTRIBIÇÃO E A BUSCA DA VALORIZAÇÃO DA CLASSE

The objective of this work is the questioning about the public servant operating in the frontier line and its work qualities, having as manifesto the public safety professionals, especially the Municipal Guard of Corumbá state Mato Grosso do Sul, that has been contributing with the other forces of security in our municipality in this border area. Questionnaires were prepared within the institution of the Municipal Guard, as well as in other public security forces, focusing on institutional subsidies related to the quality of work of the public servant operating near the border - Corumbá-MS-BR / Bolivia. The tools used in this article are intended to map the fundamental questions of these public servants, obtaining the point of view of each worker on this journey in the border of our state of Sul-Mato-Grossense, having as experience in day to day work, uncovering the problems of the exercise of his position, as well as the institution that serves, with the purpose of collecting data on public security cases in this frontier area, with the merger of the current management. Through this study, it will be exposed how the servers in this border area work intensely, especially the Municipal Guard, which in turn, works in partnerships with other forces, subsidizing public safety in the region of Corumbá-MS, and with this, there is no increase in their salary but rather great work to be done by these servers in this border area. We trust that this study can improve the knowledge of executive managers as an amazing tool to be used in discussions of future laws and disciplinary rules for the servers established in the role of public security in this border region.

Correction to: Intrinsic Conflict Among Nigerian Public Security Forces: A Systems Model for Compliant Security Service Delivery in Nigeria

Correction to: Intrinsic Conflict Among Nigerian Public Security Forces: A Systems Model for Compliant Security Service Delivery in Nigeria

Intrinsic Conflict Among Nigerian Public Security Forces: A Systems Model for Compliant Security Service Delivery in Nigeria

Intrinsic Conflict Among Nigerian Public Security Forces: A Systems Model for Compliant Security Service Delivery in Nigeria

THE " REPUBLICAN POLICEMAN" ACCORDING TO THE OTHER IN ABOMEYCALAVI (BENIN)

In Benin, the "Republican Police" is defined as a single internal security force, resulting from the merger of the former national police and the former national gendarmerie of Benin in accordance with law N ° 2017-41 of December 29, 2017. Article 2 of Decree No. 2018-314 of July 11, 2018 stipulates that the Republican Police is a paramilitary force established to ensure public security, the maintenance of order and the execution of laws. It has jurisdiction over the entire territory, including paramilitary and military personnel as well as military barracks, air bases and naval force buildings. The police officer is therefore invested with missions that can put him in “situation” with all the components of society, including his own colleagues. This state of affairs generates a host of opinions related to the police in the execution of their sovereign missions. This research aims to analyze the perceptions of the Republican policeman in the town of Abomey-Calavi. To achieve this, recourse is made to a methodological approach based on documentary research, field investigation and observation. The interviews carried out with 32 respondents composed of citizens, municipal elected officials, road users, prisoners, market women, but also agents of public security and defense forces were approached. It emerges from the analysis of the data carried out under the prism of the symbolic interactionism of H. Blumer, that the Republican police officer is much more concerned with something other than the security and the free movement of people and their goods. Some people surveyed think that the police officer is often misunderstood and is the object of contempt. For still others, the police officer must be more professional to avoid prejudices that are detrimental to the institution.

Analysing Corruption in Public Investment in Vietnam: A Multiple-Government Official’s Survey

Three decades after the Renovation Period in 1986 (Doi Moi in Vietnamese), although Vietnam is a fully integrated member of the globalized capitalist economy, they are still facing several difficulties to anti-corruption as one of the most challenging concerns to communist party and government. Amongst of several types of corruption, our paper using corruption frequency in public investment in the Period 2009–2014 is to examine and evaluate effectiveness and accountabilities of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam. They include three main bodies, namely the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam. Using a survey questionnaire with 150 participants from three those agencies, this paper examines corruption and criminal behaviour in public investment in Vietnam as well as evaluates the effectiveness and accountabilities of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam. Current findings show the limited qualifications of anti-corruption officers affected the investigation of cases meanwhile offenders are often high-level and powerful officers that have greatly hindered the investigation of corruption cases in the field of public investment. Yet, lacking transparency in management little information on public investment projects available and its related monitors led to ideal conditions for corruption. Besides that, the provisions on the handling of responsibilities of heads of agencies, organisations or units when corrupt acts occur in their agencies, organisations or units are not yet specific and clear.

Monitoring and Evaluating the Impact (Post-Legislative Scrutiny) of Emergency Regulation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The threat posed by passing emergency laws and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic can be said to be a critical precursor of human rights abuses. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nigerian President issued the COVID-19 REGULATION 2020 exercising his powers under the Federal Quarantine Act, CAP Q2 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Based on this, the Nigerian Federal Government has undertaken stringent measures, enforced restrictions and cessation of movement, social and economic activities in Nigeria to curtail the pandemic. Nigeria has employed human control to stop the disease's spread, including travel bans, quarantine orders, social distancing, and lockdowns. The measures applied to curtail the spread of COVID-19 have an undoubted impact on human rights.The Nigerian government implemented these restrictive measures which impinge on human rights and democratic processes with authoritarian provisions. This study analyses the emergency measures implemented by the Nigerian government and human rights' infractions and considers Post-Legislative Scrutiny to mitigate the government's legislative actions as a safeguard for human rights and democracy in Nigeria.To ensure true democracy, Nigerian regulations, laws, and policy response to COVID-19 must align with international human rights commitments. And the temporarily imposed restrictions on rights are reviewed by the Legislature and do not become permanent. Questions to be addressed in this paper are: (1) Is the breadth of powers currently enjoyed by executive bodies, such as Public Health authorities and security forces under scrutiny and review of the Legislature? (2) Are there safeguards put in place by the Legislature, as an oversight to ensure democratic rule and respect for human rights in Nigeria?The paper uses the qualitative research method. It relies on content analysis of COVID-19 regulatory and legislative provisions, academic literature, articles, journals, and newspaper publications.

Predictive Policing in China

China’s public security forces are employing more and more technology in their push for an ‘informatization (信息化)’ of their police work. The application of analytical techniques for solving past crimes or preventing future crimes based on big data analysis is thereby a key component of China’s approach for technology-led policing. China’s holistic policy approach for the purpose of maintaining social stability that is encompassing an ever-growing range of societal issues, the vast investments of its police forces in new technologies and its paramount objective of security, that clearly supersedes inter alia concerns of privacy or transparency, may be considered extremely conducive to the establishment of effective predictive policing in China. This paper however argues, that the application of predictive policing in China is heavily flawed as the systemic risks and pitfalls of predictive policing cannot be mitigated but are rather exacerbated by China’s approach towards policing and its criminal justice system. It is therefore to be expected that predictive policing in China will mainly be a more refined tool for the selective suppression of already targeted groups by the police and does not substantially reduce crime or increase overall security.

La pareja protagonista en la nueva novela policíaca de Alicia Giménez Bartlett y Lorenzo Silva

La novela policíaca en España vive hoy una etapa de auge y expansión. Escritores como Alicia Giménez Bartlett o Lorenzo Silva incorporarán importantes novedades al género, que supondrán su renovación y adecuación a la realidad actual de nuestro país. Estas innovaciones son, fundamentalmente, tres. La primera es la colocación del detective en un cuerpo de seguridad oficial. La segunda será la mayor atención dada a la vida privada y personal del policía como ser humano. La última, y que aquí se analiza, es la presencia de un personaje coprotagonista, una pareja laboral que compartirá protagonismo con el detective principal a lo largo de toda la serie.

LAW ENFORCEMENT ON CORRUPTION CASES IN VIETNAM

This research examines corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam. An important part of the research is to examine and evaluate effectiveness and accountabilities of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities. The aim of this research was to examine corruption and criminal behaviour in public investment in Vietnam, to identify practical policies, models and strategies for the purpose of improving the capacities and effectiveness of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam. The overall objective of this research was to research the corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam; to evaluate the effectiveness and accountabilities of anticorruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities; and to analyse corruption offences in public investment in terms of organisational structures and criminal behaviour to identify practical recommendations to enhance the success in combating corruption in public investment in Vietnam. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this study. The research has implications for anti-corruption commission policy makers and researchers in Vietnam.

Global security assemblages: mapping the field

Global security assemblages’ concept, in a decade of its existence, has been a useful tool to explain a lot of atypical security collaboration between private and public entities. It has greatly improved understanding of collaboration between public and private security forces, which, until then, mostly ha0s been seen through the civil-military paradigm. Through the expansion of scenarios where private security forces have been observed (to include environments not considered either at war or in peace, but somewhere in between) global security assemblages demonstrated, on numerous occasions, examples that cooperation between private and public forces may contribute to the improvement of the global security environment. Hence, how far can we stretch this concept? Private entities operate at numerous places and contexts and the concept may be a limited tool to understand their input in achieving a more stable environment. It has been set to apply in peaceful settings, but would it be possible to extend its application in unstable environments, within unpredictable security settings? This paper looks at how the concept has been used and applied so far, the scope where it can and has been applied, and draw the limitations to its use.

The health impacts of violence perpetrated by police, military and other public security forces on gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in El Salvador

Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men face both high levels of violence and a disproportionate burden of poor health outcomes. We explored violence perpetrated against Salvadoran gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men by public security forces; perceived motivations of violence; and impacts on health. We conducted structured qualitative interviews with 20 participants and used systematic coding and narrative analysis to identify emergent themes. Nearly all participants described the physical, emotional, sexual and/or economic violence by public security forces. Most attributed being targeted to their gender expression and/or perceived sexual orientation. The most common impact was emotional distress, including humiliation, fear and depression; lasting physical injuries were also widely reported. Study participants felt unable to report these incidents for fear of retribution or inaction. Men reported feelings of helplessness and distrust, avoidance of authorities and altering when, where or how often they appeared in public spaces. Programmes and interventions should focus on providing mental health services for LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) victims of violence, educating public security forces on the legal rights of Salvadorans and expanding current LGBTI-inclusive policies to all public security forces.

Preservation or Conservation? Two Frameworks on the Right to Truth in the Mexican Drug War

In this article, I suggest two frameworks to acknowledge the past in Mexico during the War on Drugs (2006–). When President Calderon Hinojosa (2006–2012) and his successor Pena Nieto (2012–2018) militarized public security forces, the perpetuation of violence became the latest symptom of state practices undermining accountability. By using media and the national archives, the state has operated within a framework of conservation. It performed indirect censorship by spending millions of dollars on government publicity, fostering a media dependence on state income, and it also fulfilled a normative to protect personal data from historical documents and their access. If the archive exists at the core of memory institutions, such as museums or national archives, it is disseminated through conservation practices that have two functions: to uphold the truth, and to play a role in nurturing identity within the national project. Therefore, conservation occurs when curating and protecting the archive and, indirectly, the state itself. I then address another framework that has been influenced by the international discourse on human rights. The use of alternative digital journalism in Mexico concerning news reports on collectives that search for their disappeared present these stories as a form of open archive. By granting spaces for remembering, the distribution of memory comes to exist within social media, news portals, and other non-formal means of circulation such as film festivals or international award competitions. As a result, the mediation achieved travels as a form of civic preservation, occurring outside memory institutions.

The roots of clientelism in Iraqi Kurdistan and the efforts to fight it

Abstract This study examines the roots of clientelism in Iraqi Kurdistan and the effort to fight it. The clientelism system exists when a kind of deal is struck between those in power and clients in society who agree to exchange benefits. The political issues in Kurdistan particularly, corruption and lack of social justice have historical roots as a result of the accumulation of problems that have not been resolved by the client system that is adopted by the two political parties in power, namely the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the Democratic Party of Kurdistan (KDP). The two political parties have monopolised the public sector, the Peshmerga and Security forces, as well as the economy, they have succeeded in controlling the larger part of society through clientelism. In hence, they used public funds, jobs and posts to buy people’s votes and loyalty. The opposition parties have been unable to exert pressure on the ruling parties who can buy the affiliation of people through the use of public finance. The opposition and independent media began to play a large role in highlighting the corruption and the client system.

The Application of Situational Teaching in Public Security Management Courses

As the educational mode in public security management specialty has transformed from the traditional academic type to the application type, the teaching methods are required to be reformed accordingly. Courses of the public security management specialty are featured by practicability, pertinence, operability and the clarity of knowledge points. Therefore, situational teaching method is suitable for teaching in public security management courses. The situational teaching mode in the public security management specialty connects professional construction characteristics with core curriculum. It is also based on the nature and features of the courses. Teachers can choose whole media simulation module, case analysis module, problem discussion module, role playing module, actual practice module and other situational teaching modes with diversity and wide angles. As a result, teachers can inspire learning enthusiasm of students and cultivate generalist of practical talent in public security management. Furthermore, the public security forces are largely improved.