Model Of Public Relations Research Articles

Are hospitals our friends? An exploratory study on the role of Facebook in hospital organizations’ dialogic communication

Rooted in the dialogic public relations model, the aim of this paper was to analyze the way in which hospital organizations use Facebook to communicate and build relationships with their patients and followers. Using a content analysis of Facebook profiles, there is a reflection on how dialogic principles are applied in the management of Facebook by hospitals in Portugal. Special attention will be paid to communication regarding the Zika virus, which was of public interest at the time the empirical analysis was carried out. The study demonstrates that Portuguese hospitals are present on Facebook but do not use the social network dialogically or to communicate about topical themes of public interest.

PELAKSANAAN HUBUNGAN MASYARAKAT (HUMAS) MODEL SIMETRIS DUA ARAH DI SMPN I PADEMAWU PAMEKASAN

The implementation of a two-way symmetrical model of public relations provides opportunities for recipients of education services to obtain their rights as consumers of education services. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The results showed that: first, the application of a two-way symmetrical model of public relations was carried out in the form of various school programs, this was because it involved outside agencies both government and non-government agencies, communication established by public relations officers ie two directions, mutual giving and receiving, honesty and openness and not on the basis of personal interests. Second, supporting factors in the form of approaches taken by public relations officers, regarding the communication carried out, and the same vision and goals are also supporting factors. Third, the inhibiting factors are internal and external factors. The ability of the public relations officer in planning the program of activities, as well as the approach with whom to aim for and the lack of activity time and readiness of the agency. Fourth, the solution is the principal's policy to immediately take other actions.

Cultural and global perspectives to relationship management in international public relations: The Sino-Chilean case study

There is still debate on whether a global public relations model may be applied in any cultural setting. This article contributes to this discussion by presenting empirical evidence about how Chilean export firms develop public relations strategies to Chinese audiences and the dual dimension – global and cultural – of their practice. Two main findings are discussed: on the one hand, Chilean companies have mostly developed a global approach to reach general audiences. On the other, the actual practice of relationship management – through their firm’s executives – is carried out by placing culture as critical for successful public relations efforts. Specifically, Chilean executives use guanxi as the main driver of their relationship management.

Modern Model of Genomic and Other Research Regulations

The main goal of this study is to develop a qualitatively new model of public relations’ modular regulation, which will overcome stereotypes and shortcomings of legal regulation. The model of modular regulation is characterised by the convergence of all regulators, the vector direction of impact on social relations and other features. In the conditions of inconsistency of social regulators, the proposed model of modular impact on social relations provides an opportunity for everyone to choose the most effective norm. Modular regulation should be used only in some areas of social relations, without replacing legal one. Accordingly, the following criteria are recognised for the legality of applying the modular regulation: evidence of the onset of maximum socially dangerous consequences in the case of the application of an erroneous norm of social regulation and a high degree of self-regulation of particular social relations, the presence of specific laws in them. Given these criteria, it is advisable to use modular regulation in genomic and other research, which is the subject of this article

UN communications at 75: Incremental change or innovative transformation?

In the age of globalization, the UN Department of Public Information (DPI) is expected to play an active role in communicating with citizens the world over. This study explores the DPI’s evolution over the last 75 years, tackling the nature of organizational change in what is too often dismissed as a hidebound and conservative institution. The authors use textual analysis of UN documents combined with Grunig and Hunt’s four public relations (PR) models to track the DPI’s transformation from an organization that favoured the one-way dissemination of objective information to an institution ready to embrace two-way symmetric public relations. Though useful, these models were unable to explain the driving forces behind the DPI’s transition from one model to another or detailed changes within models at a micro level. To remedy this, the authors incorporate Harry Nyström’s basic model of organizational innovation illuminating incremental changes within the DPI between 1946 and 1989, as well as the transformative changes that were driven by the end of the Cold War, new communications technologies, and Kofi Annan’s leadership in the 1990s and 2000s.

Амос Кендалл: специфика истории формирования PR в США.

Introduction . In modern world political realities, public opinion plays one of the key roles. The incumbent presidents and their political opponents, members of various parties, presidential candidates during the election campaign appeal to the opinion of society both in matters of foreign and domestic policy, and in their election programs. The formation of public opinion, in turn, is one of the main tasks of state press services. Communication between the authorities and society is carried out in most cases through publications prepared by the press services in the media. This practice first began to take shape in the United States in the 19th century during the presidency of E. Jackson, when the functions of the press service were carried out at the level of press agents. Subsequently, the principle of the work of the first press agents with the media became the basis for modern public relations technologies in the field of public relations, so it seems to us relevant to study the mechanism of public opinion formation in the United States during the period 1820-1830. The purpose of this study is to analyze the practice of interaction between the press agent Amos Kendall and the American media system of the first third of the XIX century. In accordance with the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to analyze the socio-political and economic factors that influenced the formation of the propaganda model of PR in the United States in the first third of the XIX century; -explore the features of communication of power structures and media; - study the influence of American media on public opinion during the period 1820-1830; - to consider the mechanism of interaction of Amos Kendall with American newspapers and magazines of the specified period. The novelty of this study is to study the specifics of US media resources that Amos Kendall used as a press agent. Methods . This study in chronological order explores the features of the formation of a propaganda model of public relations in the United States of the first third of the XIX century, analyzes the media strategy of Amos Kendall as a spokesman for E. Jackson. The historiography of the study includes both the work of the famous Russian Americanist T.V. Alentieva and the study of the American historian Robert Vincent Remini, and the inaugural speech of President E. Jackson upon assuming office in 1829 can also be noted as the primary source. Analysis. The article notes that the growth of large cities, increased literacy levels have led to the creation of a vast audience interested in politics. Therefore, American newspapers and magazines in the first third of the XIX century are not only a means of information, but also an effective means of forming public opinion. New media opportunities were successfully used during the election campaign of presidential candidate E. Jackson. In the future, this experience became an important part of the mechanism of forming the image of presidential power in the United States. Results. As a result of the study, we can conclude that the appeal of the press agent A. Kendall to the US media resources in the formation of public opinion in support of E. Jackson was an effective strategy for creating PR for the presidential government. Annotation. The article discusses the mechanism of forming the image of presidential power in the United States in the first third of the XIX century and analyzes the activities of Amos Kendall as a press agent for President Andrew Jackson and one of the first PR specialists in American history.

The dialogic ladder: Toward a framework of dialogue

This paper articulates the existence of different forms of ‘dialogue’, ranging from the conduct of simple two-way communication through more interactive forms culminating in true (or capital D) Dialogue. The importance of, and rationale for, the making of these distinctions is discussed in relation to the theorizing and practice of dialogue in public relations. A framework encompassing variations on the theme of dialogue is proposed in the form of a dialogic ladder that reflects the everyday usage of the term, while also preserving the existence and distinction of the normative form.The clearer and more consistent conceptualization of dialogue resulting from the dialogic ladder will assist in developing teaching curricula and associated materials that enable future researchers and practitioners to distinguish between true Dialogue and other forms. The dialogic ladder contributes to the development of dialogue theory that either expands to include dialogue-in-name-only (Kent & Theunissen, 2016), or narrows its focus to consider only true Dialogue. It will also allow identification of situations in practice where two-way communication falls short of true Dialogue, and stimulate efforts to consider why this shortfall occurs and how it might be addressed—if the conduct of true Dialogue is deemed necessary and possible. Finally, the dialogic ladder provides an alternative perspective on the role of dialogue in the two-way symmetric model of public relations.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS MODEL IN SOSIALIZING LOCAL CULTURE TO SUMENEP'S YOUNG GENERATION

The globalization era is driving the decline of Indonesia's local cultural extension, especially in the millennial generation. The real impact of the phenomenon that occurs the worst possibility is the extinction of local culture due to the absence of a millennial generation of the local culture. It is the duty of the government to take these issues seriously, so researchers are interested in reviewing the implementation of the public relations model in socializing local culture to the millennial generation in Sumenep. The theoretical study uses the public relations model of Grunig a Hunt. The research approach uses qualitative descriptive research. The informant in the research head of the field of promotion of the Department of Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports and several millennial generations in Sumenep. The results of the study showed that the socialization carried out tended to implement the Public Information Model.

Communication Patterns of Government Public Relation in the Digital Era: A Content Analysis on Twitter Account of the Directorate General of Taxes

The headway of information and communication technology has brought into the world a digital era with the emergence of new media such as Twitter social media. Nowadays social media is increasingly used by the community and can support various activities. This condition has also encouraged a new approach to public relations activities known as online public relations (online PR). This online PR activity is very important in addition to traditional PR activities, Grunig (2009) argues that new media has the potential to make public relations more strategic and global. Currently, Twitter is increasingly being used by government public relations, the Directorate General of Tax (DGT) public relations is no exception. But so far there has been no research related to aspects of communication patterns on DGT’s official Twitter account, so research needs to be carried out as input and evaluation material. This study aims to determine the communication pattern based on Grunig and Hunt’s public relations models in a message or tweet delivered by DGT public relations (Taxmin) on DGT’s official Twitter account (@DitjenPajakRI) by referring to the research conducted by Waters and Williams (2011) at government agencies in the USA. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, with a content analysis approach. This study will analyze the content of tweets in the period of July-August 2018. The results of this study found that overall DGT public relation still relies on one-way communication rather than two-way communication. From 565 taxmin tweets, 70.3% public information, 15.8% two-way symmetry, 12.2% publicity, and 1.8% two-way asymmetry. These results indicate that DGT public relation has used all four public relations models together, although it is not yet ideal, which Taxmin is using public information pattern more than other communication patterns.

Hating in plain sight: The hatejacking of brands by extremist groups

The adoption of brands as an identity marker for hate groups has been extensively noted for decades. The use of specific brands, often covertly, allows hate groups to have identity markers without the social stigma ascribed to historical hate symbols. With high-profile events such as the ‘Unite the Right’ march in Charlottesville, hate groups have utilized media coverage to increase their visibility and, by extension, the brands that they have co-opted. Such unwanted associations for organizations are defined by this research as a hatejack, whereby an extremist group publicly presents linkage to a brand, typically to claim legitimacy by the association. The covert, hide-and-seek nature of the hatejack also allows extremist groups to identify with each other without public or legal scrutiny. The dangers of a hatejack have been exacerbated by two-way symmetrical models of public relations that focus on online and social media. Popular press books such as Brand Hijack seem to suggest that organizations would do well to cede ownership of their identity and allow the construction of brands by external publics. This emphasis, however, has allowed for hate groups to more readily adopt brands and publicly proclaim a connection to the organization that does not exist. This research examines cases of hatejacks in which brands become unwitting instruments of extremist groups and seeks to identify emerging and consistent themes across cases that merit further investigation by researchers and actions by practitioners.

Constructing positive public relations in China: Integrating public relations dimensions, dialogic theory of public relations and the Chinese philosophical thinking of Yin and Yang

After thirty years of development in mainland China, public relations is suffering from a stigma because of its negative connotations, misconception and paradoxical perception among the general public, and development constraints. To overcome this stigmatization, a positive public relations theory that posits the positive functions of public relations in contemporary China is proposed by integrating the three public relations dimensions (i.e., communication, organization-public relationships, and ecological networks), the dialogic theory of public relations and the Chinese philosophical thinking of Yin and Yang. To achieve this, the paper first explains the cause of stigmatization in public relations. Second, it introduces the three dimensions of public relations as a profession and discipline. It then articulates how the dialogic theory of public relations and the Yin Yang philosophy contribute to the development of positive public relations. Lastly, it proposes the Taiji model of public relations and the underpinnings of positive public relations. It is important to note that positive public relations serves as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, existing theories of public relations.

Government Public Relations and Social Media: Bridging the Digital Divide on People with Social Welfare Problems

This study is a public relations inquiry that aims to describe the use of social media by govern-ment public relations to bridge the digital divide that affects people with social welfare prob-lems. The research, unlike most public relations studies that by and large, focus on organiza-tional image, reputation, communication crisis, and transparency, uses the digital divide per-spective. The research uses Grunig and Hunt Public Relations model and Melvin De Fleur com-munication model perspectives to examine the communication processes that occur through government public relations social media. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach to assess the communication conducted by informants. The results showed that government pub-lic relations communication through social media has not been fully able to bridge the digital divide, especially in rural areas. The digital divide creates three relates problems that affect the effectiveness of government communication with people that experience social welfare problem. Firstly, pattern of communication involves opinion leaders. Secondly, most feedback occurs in-directly while ideally, it should be direct. Thirdly, the flow of information takes place in either one or two steps, in contrast with the ideal, which should be in one step.

Fostering social capital in an international multi-stakeholder issue network

Scholars have theorized that public relations contributes to societies and communities by bringing attention to pressing public issues and fostering social capital in civil society networks. However, the extant research has studied civil society networks of NGOs, donors, and the media in transitional countries. This study extends the public relations model of civil society in two ways. First, it broadens the scope to an international context. Second, it draws from the multi-stakeholder issue network perspective to conceptualize a civil society network as a space where stakeholders of an issue mix their interests as they collectively address a pressing public issue. The literature on international and multi-stakeholder networks suggest that the international scope and the mixing of interests across sectors may restrict the production of social capital. The results from the social network analysis suggests that the mixing of interests across sectoral and geopolitical boundaries did not restrict the production of social capital. Rather, the patterns of the relationships among those on the core and those on the periphery of the network restricted the production of social capital. Such finding demonstrates how public relations’ functions like relationship building can have profound influences on social capital and civil society networks. The implications for public relations theorizing and research are discussed.

СУЧАСНА ПРАВОВА МОДЕЛЬ СУСПІЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН СФЕРИ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ДОВІРЧИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ


 
 
 Legal relationships in the field of electronic trust services and digital signatures are regulated by the norms of international and national legislation, which provide a broad range of legal rights and obligations of legal entities in general. However, there are many areas of legal relations that are actually carried out by actors, but they are not regulated or insufficiently regulated by law. Thus, today the procedures for cross-border recognition of digital signatures certificates and electronic trust services are not regulated. It is social relations that arise during these procedures and processes that are subject to legal regulation, first of all, in the legislation of Ukraine.Taking into account the aforementioned objective of this article, there is a scientific analysis of the social relations existing in Ukraine in the field of digital signatures and electronic trust services, the development of proposals for the creation of a modern model of legal regulation of the operation of this sphere in a cross-border mode.The development of legislation and the introduction of the proposed new model of public relations will enable the application of modern rules of law for the recognition of foreign digital signature certificates and electronic trust services in a cross-border mode.
 
 

Grunigian Paradigm of Public Relations: Analysis and Critics

The paper is devoted to the analysis and critics of grunigian paradigm. In 1984 James Grunig first proposed four models of public relations, highlighting the “two-way symmetrical” as a “model of excellence”. Today this model dominates the Anglo-Saxon scientific community as a research paradigm, but it is the object of sharp criticism, in particular, by representatives of the international group of “radical PR” created in 2008 in the Stirling Institute for Media Studies. In our opinion “symmetrical” PR provides not only ethical but also effective interaction, therefore, it is morally more preferable than any other “asymmetrical” strategies. We made the conclusion that James Grunig in his model removed public relations from wide social context. This model doesn’t allow to consider the role of PR as the practice in a wider context. Thus, the symmetric model becomes the normative model for individual practitioners in specific situations, rather than the normative theory of the role of PR in democracy.

Public Relations Implications of the Challenges Facing the Bakassi Internally-Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria’s Cross River State

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), “we are now witnessing the highest levels of displacement on record” with an unprecedented 68.5 million people forced from home globally (UNHCR, 2018). Among those affected are the Bakassi people in the Cross River State of Nigeria, who were forced to abandon their ancestral home due to the World Court’s judgment of 10 October 2002 and Greentree Agreement of 12 June 2006 that ceded their oil and natural gas-rich peninsula to Cameroon. This paper aimed at communicating the challenges faced by these people who now live as refugees in their own country as well as assessing the public relations implications of their geographical displacement, social dislocation, and economic dispossession. The study employed the survey method and used the questionnaire to obtain data from 200 internally-displaced persons of Bakassi; as well as unstructured interview to gather additional information from five Government officials and five Bakassi elites who were involved in resettling these people. Egon’s refugee theory (1981), Peter’s social integration theory (1960) and James Grunig’s two-way symmetrical model of public relations (1984) formed the theoretical framework of the study. Data obtained were presented quantitatively, and analysed descriptively. Based on the conclusion that there is a noticeable Public Relations slack in the relationship between Government and the Bakassi IDPs, it was recommended that adequate efforts should be made to fill the observed gaps.

Strategizing for social change in nonprofit contexts: A typology of communication approaches in public communication campaigns

Public communication campaigns aim to create social change by influencing audiences’ behaviors and thus help nonprofit organizations fulfill their mission. These campaigns, however, often fail to deliver their anticipated impact. Using public relations research as a theoretical lens, this paper's contribution is twofold: first, we develop a typology that classifies the different communication approaches used in public communication campaigns. Based on one of the most prominent public relations theories, the Four Models of Public Relations, we differentiate communication approaches along the dimensions of communication purpose and communication style. Combining these two dimensions in a typology, we identify the following communication approaches: directing, platforming, mobilizing, and involving. We provide numerous real‐life examples of public campaigns for each one. Second, we formulate propositions about these communication approaches’ effectiveness relying on a key concept of public relations research: namely, audience segmentation. Using the transtheoretical model, we show that audiences can be segmented along five “stages of readiness to adopt a promoted behavior.” Conceptualizing behavior change as an iterative, dynamic process that entails stage progresses as well as backdrops, we derive how audiences’ “stage of readiness” relates to the effectiveness of the identified communication approaches.

Sociocultural Model of International Public Relations: A More Ethical Proposition Focusing on Cultural Diversity, Dialogue & Postmodernism

Objectives This study offers a sociocultural model of international public relations that focuses on the effect of public relations in different societies. Methods This sociocultural model examines the social and cultural effects of public relations, rather than concentrating on the economic effects. Results International public relations practitioners should lead emergent dialogues between corporations and the indigenous public across the world. By leading emergent dialogues, practitioners can act as activists and consciences for corporations who embrace and assist local situations. In this way, public relations practitioners can realize their sociocultural role as contributors to the betterment of society. Conclusions The proposed perspectives in this study will shed light on how public relations practitioners can conceive their societal roles in a broader political and social context, as well as how they can lead public dialogue proactively, encouraging diverse ideas in order to interact in an international environment.

Public relations and social morality as national identity: a cultural-economic examination of the US Government’s fight against venereal disease in the 1920s

ABSTRACTA historical case study of how United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officials used public relations in an active attempt to construct meanings within cultural contexts both illuminates and extends the cultural-economic model (CEM) of public relations, which is based on the circuit of culture. The case shows how the CEM would benefit from exploring why practitioners act as they do, as understanding a producer’s motivation can provide even more understanding of the attempts to create a desired meaning.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AS A BASIS FOR PUBLIC TRUST IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN LATVIA

Nowadays, many public administrations are facing the low level of public trust in state authorities. It is largely due to public dissatisfaction with the activities of public administration and beliefs that public administration does not serve to the public interest. Participation in decision-making processes is one of the ways to reduce public dissatisfaction and mistrust in public administration. In order to understand the importance of public participation in public administration processes, the aim of the paper is to study trends in the transformation of public administration and society at different stages of the development of the state reform in Latvia and its impact on public trust in public administration. The following methods have been used in the research study: analysis of normative documents, an expert survey with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government representatives, as well as analysis of statistics on the implementation of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the government and NGOs. An analysis of the normative documents adopted by the Latvian government shows that the legal framework provides for wide opportunities for NGO involvement in public administration. The statistical data and opinions of NGOs and public administration experts show that there are a variety of mechanisms for increasing NGOs participation. However, the opportunities for developed participation are not conducive to public trust in the public administration, since in most cases information about the opportunities and results of participation is not reachable to the general public. Thus, it is vitally important to create an optimal model of NGOs and public administration relations for the activation of Latvian society in order to reduce the low participation and public trust in public administration.