Public Reception Research Articles

Implementation of artificial intelligence in medicine: Status analysis and development suggestions.

The general public's attitudes, demands, and expectations regarding medical AI could provide guidance for the future development of medical AI to satisfy the increasing needs of doctors and patients. The objective of this study is to investigate public perceptions, receptivity, and demands regarding the implementation of medical AI. An online questionnaire was designed to investigate the perceptions, receptivity, and demands of general public regarding medical AI between October 13 and October 30, 2018. The distributions of the current achievements, public perceptions, receptivity, and demands among individuals in different lines of work (i.e., healthcare vs non-healthcare) and different age groups were assessed by performing descriptive statistics. The factors associated with public receptivity of medical AI were assessed using a linear regression model. In total, 2,780 participants from 22 provinces were enrolled. Healthcare workers accounted for 54.3 % of all participants. There was no significant difference between the healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in the high proportion (99 %) of participants expressing acceptance of AI (p = 0.8568), but remarkable distributional differences were observed in demands (p < 0.001 for both demands for AI assistance and the desire for AI improvements) and perceptions (p < 0.001 for safety, validity, trust, and expectations). High levels of receptivity (approximately 100 %), demands (approximately 80 %), and expectations (100 %) were expressed among different age groups. The receptivity of medical AI among the non-healthcare workers was associated with gender, educational qualifications, and demands and perceptions of AI. There was a very large gap between current availability of and public demands for intelligence services (p < 0.001). More than 90 % of healthcare workers expressed a willingness to devote time to learning about AI and participating in AI research. The public exhibits a high level of receptivity regarding the implementation of medical AI. To date, the achievements have been rewarding, and further advancements are required to satisfy public demands. There is a strong demand for intelligent assistance in many medical areas, including imaging and pathology departments, outpatient services, and surgery. More contributions are imperative to facilitate integrated and advantageous implementation in medical AI.

#MirandaMustGo: Contesting a settler colonial obsession with lost-in-the-bush myths through public and socially engaged art

In January 2017, settler Australian artist, Amy Spiers, launched a creative campaign to contest habitual associations at the site of Hanging Rock in Central Victoria with a white vanishing myth. Entitled #MirandaMustGo, the campaign’s objective was to provoke thought and unease about why the missing white schoolgirls of Joan Lindsay’s fictional novel, Picnic at Hanging Rock, prompted more attention and feeling in the general public than the actual losses of lives, land and culture experienced by Indigenous people in the region as a consequence of rapid and violent colonial occupation. The campaign incited significant media attention, substantial public debate and some reconsideration of the stories told at Hanging Rock. In this article, Spiers will describe how she conceptualized the artwork/campaign as a propositional counter-memorial action that attempted to conceive ways in which non-Indigenous Australians can acknowledge, and take responsibility for, the denial of colonization’s impact on Indigenous people. She will do so by discussing the critical methodology that underpinned this socially engaged artwork and continue by analysing the public reception and dissensus the campaign provoked. She will conclude in presenting some thoughts about what #MirandaMustGo produced: a rupture of the public secret of Australia’s violent colonial past, a marked shift to the discourse concerning Hanging Rock and an ongoing, unresolved agitation stimulated by Picnic at Hanging Rock’s persistent reproducibility.

Death by ‘nature’: The European border regime and the spatial production of slow violence

The logic and temporality of the ‘border spectacle’ have dominated public reception of the violence endured by migrants and refugees on their journey to Europe, thus occluding the manifold ways in which daily, silent, slow violence unfolds through the EU border regime. The claim of this essay is that border assemblages are involved in the deployment of spatialized slow violence, especially through what I define as the political production of exposure to the elements. Scholars have shown how geographic and topographic factors are included in the strategies of border control and have become active factors in the policies of deterrence and ‘neo-refoulement’. Building on this work, I elaborate on the mediated agency of the environmental or ‘natural’ forces in the production of border-related violence. This is a violence that expands in space beyond the location of the geographical state border and extends in time beyond the concrete instance of border crossing. Here, sovereign violence operates not only through an unconditional power of death but also through the abandonment and exposure of migrants to the elements and therefore the production of a zone of mere biological survival, while accountability chains are concealed. What in the Western view is understood as ‘nature’ can be produced, mobilized and instrumentalized as an active factor in the infrastructures of border enforcement, producing spatialized forms of slow violence. This operation does not imply, however, that the possibilities of agency and resistance are neglected. Rather, it points to the allegedly neutral dimension of ‘nature’ towards which border struggles are being displaced.

Situative Werkpolitik. Nietzsches Retraktationen der Geburt der Tragödie

Abstract Nietzsche has repeatedly commented on his already published works, and thus continuously reinterpreted them, in order to shape their public reception and to foreground the communication of specific aspects of his works. As such, he followed a specific “work politics,” or Werkpolitik. The resulting retractions are not only revealing for the reconstruction of Nietzsche’s self-understanding, but also demonstrate both the development and the dynamic character of his thinking. In the present article, this is shown through a so-called “contrasting reading,” which contrasts a posthumous note about The Birth of Tragedy, the Attempt at a Self-Criticism from 1886, with the book itself and with the chapter in Ecce Homo that is dedicated to BT. Starting from a close reading of note Nachlass 1888, 17[3], which also takes into account the genesis of BT, I argue that Nietzsche’s self-commentaries combine his current philosophical reflections with work-political objectives. The subsequent comparison reconstructs the philosophical differences between the note and the texts mentioned above, thus demonstrating the dynamic character of Nietzsche’s philosophizing, which is often stated but seldom reconstructed on the basis of the actual texts.

Compulsory coding in education: liberal-humanism, Baudrillard and the \u2018problem\u2019 of abstraction

Internationally, coding is increasingly introduced into primary and junior high schools (children generally aged between 5 and 15) on a compulsory basis, though not all stakeholders support this ‘initiative’. In response to the public reception, discussion highlights popular argument around compulsory coding in school education. This is an argument between those supportive (hereafter referred to as the Yes case) and those unsupportive of compulsory coding (hereafter referred to as the No case). But more than simply produce a list of arguments, this discussion contributes to our understanding of this reception by identifying the ‘discourses’ deployed by both cases (namely, digital ubiquity, disadvantage, and habits of mind discourses) and by providing theoretical framings through which these discourses and their potential implications might be differently understood. Using critical discourse analysis to unpack these discourses shows that while both cases hold to key tenets of liberal-humanism, a commitment to the individual subject, liberty and full participation in the social, it is the Yes case with its stronger commitment to children engaging in abstraction that seems to challenge these. Discussion of this difference is framed by the work of Baudrillard around abstraction, not to ‘prove’ the validity of Baudrillard’s thesis concerning the consequences of humanity’s deepening engagement with abstraction, but to provide a broader understanding of this debate, in relation to a trajectory of engagement with abstraction that seems set to intensify.

Culture, Race, and Health: Implications for Racial Inequities and Population Health.

Improving the health of the total population may be insufficient in eliminating racial disparities in population health. An expanding commitment to understanding social determinants of health aims to address the social conditions that produce racialized patterns in health inequity. There is also a resurging and evolving interest in the influence of cultural barriers and assets in shaping racial inequities in health. The meaning and function of culture, however, remains underspecified. This paper synthesizes analogous but fragmented concepts of cultural threat related to social and racial inequity as examined in public and population health, psychology, sociology, communications, media studies, and law. It draws on an existing typology of culture and social inequity to organize concepts related to cultural racism. Employing a transdisciplinary approach, the paper integrates multiple scholarly perspectives on cultural threat to frame cultural racism as cultural systems that promote false presumptions of white superiority relative to non-whites. The lack of shared conceptual grounding and language regarding cultural threats to health hinders a more precise identification and measurement of cultural processes as well as comparisons of relative prevalence and influence of pathways linking cultural processes and social inequity. Evaluating intersections among culture, structures, and racism is a valuable analytical tool for understanding the production of social and racial inequities in health. To adequately address health inequities rooted in systemic racism, it is imperative to discuss the function of cultural racism in shaping population health in the United States. Building a culture of health and achieving health equity requires that we assess cultural racism in a more meaningful way. Cultural processes are commonly referenced in health inequity scholarship, but the empirical literature generally lags behind the conceptual emphasis. A rich literature across disciplines has substantively engaged conceptualizations of culture and cultural processes, the importance of these processes as part of a system of racism, and mechanisms that may link cultural threats to health. When integrated, this literature offers essential insights for ways population health may address the complex issue of eradicating racial disparities in health.

Social Significance of Technical Water Purification and Treatment Plants – on the Cusp of New Functions of the technical Service Buildings of Cities

Departure from environmentally unfriendly public attitudes and the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the management of natural resources among the residents of cities lead to pro-environmental design efforts—including planning and urban-design-related ones, for the shaping of urban structures. One of the elements of cities that, on the one hand, stir public emotions and on the other constitute an inseparable element of the urban organism, are structures that provide technical services to cities. Examples of these structures include wastewater treatment and water purification plants. The goal of this article is an attempt at finding an answer to the question about what role do wastewater treatment and water purification plants currently play in the structure of Polish cities and what other roles can they play. Particular emphasis was placed on the public reception of such structures. Based on Polish cases, this reception appears to most often be either neutral or negative. The author explores the mechanism of these reactions and their causes, particularly in reference to other structures that provide technical services to cities (e.g. eco-incineration plants, whose construction is faced with intense opposition from residents in Polish conditions almost every time). The author searches for an answer to the question about the cause of public opposition to the construction of these types of structures, and whether we can—and if so, then how—prevent such public attitudes in relation to these types of structures.

THE EFFICIENCY OF ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC COUNCIL IN THE AUTHORITIES OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY

The current stage of development of Ukrainian statehood is characterized by increased attention to the issues of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the public administration system. And this is natural because the direct link between the efficiency of the public sector and the effectiveness of the national economy of the state as a whole leads to the search and introduction of new approaches and technologies, continuous improvement of the quality of services provided to the population and satisfaction with the results of the activity of executive authorities and local self-government. The public sector, which participates in the formation and implementation of state policy, is no exception. It is the effective work of public councils with executive authorities that will increase the level of interaction between executive authorities and civil society. In this article, the author outlines the factors of effectiveness of the work of public councils in executive bodies, namely: the development and introduction of common standards and forms of cooperation between the public and the public administration; development of nation-wide mechanisms for the functioning of public councils in executive bodies; systematization and generalization of decisions of public councils in executive bodies; systematic analysis of the activities of public councils and their results for public discussion; introduction of standards for public reception offices. The author determines that the effectiveness of public councils in executive bodies is determined by assessing the effectiveness of activities under which the author proposes to understand the process of determining the quality of the subject’s activity, which is aimed at achieving the goals and tasks assigned to him, in accordance with the established competence, which allows obtaining information for further correction of his work. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the activities of public councils in executive bodies depends on: creation of transparent and qualitatively formulated goals of work; development of a plan of activity aimed at achieving the goals that are the basis of the activities of public councils in executive bodies; performance of the adopted plan of activity; evaluation of achieved results; Adjusting the activities of the public council at executive bodies; creating new goals for future activities.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL AGENCY FOR COMBATING TERRORISM’S DERADICALIZATION PROGRAM TOWARD TERROR CONVICTS IN INDONESIA

&lt;p&gt;Deradicalization programs have been implemented in Indonesia since 2012. This program employs preventive paradigm in implementing the policies it produces. During the seven years of implementation, deradicalization experienced challenges and obstacles. So far, there are many critics addressed to deradicalization program, such as criticism toward the lack of budget, prison facilities, deradicalization materials provided to terror convicts, post-deradicalization follow-up, as well as negative public reception on the idea of ex-terror convicts returning to society. These problems are hampering the effectiveness of deradicalization program. This paper employs theory of deradicalization and theory of effectiveness. It employs qualitative method with deductive and conceptual analysis, and the data is obtained through literature studies. This paper aims to see the effectiveness of deradicalization program carried out by National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT) toward terror convicts in Indonesia.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;Terrorism, Deradicalization, Terror Convicts, Resocialization and Reintegration&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The values of culture? Social closure in the political identities, policy preferences, and social attitudes of cultural and creative workers

Cultural consumption and production are both characterised by multiple dimensions of inequality. Research in cultural stratification has highlighted the links between the exclusivity of cultural production, the type of cultural works created, and the audiences and public receptions for culture. We contribute to this agenda by examining a hitherto unexplored area: the cultural values and political identities of workers in the creative industries and cultural sector. Analysis of the British Social Attitudes (2010–2015) surveys and British Election Study Internet Panel (2016–2017) surveys demonstrates that creative and cultural workers have distinct cultural values. They are among the most left-wing, liberal and pro-welfare of any occupations and industries. This sets them apart from the average respondent who is relatively more right-wing, authoritarian and more in favour of welfare control. When examining their non-electoral participation, we also find they are highly civically engaged in terms of contacting elected representatives and government officials, signing petitions, political volunteering, political donations, participating in demonstrations, ethical consumption and boycotts, and industrial action. Moreover, they are more likely to report that they supported Remain in the 2016 EU ‘Brexit’ Referendum, to report unhappiness with the Leave result, and to identify with Remain voters. We conclude that distinct occupational cultures are particularly significant in the case of the cultural and creative sector, given creative workers’ role in representing society and the civic realm via the products of their work. We also argue that occupational cultures constitute an important, under-recognised source of social and cultural division.

The critical reception of the DSM-5: Towards a typology of audiences.

Since its initial publication, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been the object of criticism which has led to regular revisions by the American Psychiatric Association. This article analyses the debates that surrounded the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Building on the concepts of public arenas and reception theory, it explores the meaning encoded in the manual by audiences. Our results, which draw from a thematic analysis of traditional and digital media sources, identify eight audiences that react to the American Psychiatric Association's narrative of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.): conformist, reformist, humanist, culturalist, naturalist, conflictual, constructivist and utilitarian. While some of their claims present argumentative polarities, others overlap, thus challenging the idea, often presented in academic publications, of a fixed debate. In order to further discuss on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, we draw attention to claims that 'travel' across different communities of audiences.

WPŁYW RELIGII NA WZROST GOSPODARCZY W XX I XXI WIEKU – PRZEGLĄD BADAŃ

Teza. Religia należy do ważnych czynników determinujących zachowania ludzkie oraz postawy życiowe. Poglądy religijne mają przez to istotne znaczenie dla aktywności gospodarczej. W ekonomii pojawiło się wiele opracowań, w których podejmowano problemy relacji religia – życie gospodarcze, jednak z powodów pozamerytorycznych wywołują one kontrowersje, co utrudnia prowadzenie badań i formułowanie jednoznacznych odpowiedzi na pytania pojawiające się na styku religia –ekonomia. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, w jaki sposób religia może wpływać na wzrost gospodarczy i aktywność gospodarczą. Teza pracy zakłada, że istnieje wpływ religii na wzrost gospodarczy, jednak nie jest możliwe jednoznaczne określenie jej pozytywnego lub negatywnego wpływu. Metodyka badawcza obejmuje analizę desktop research danych wtórnych –analiza krytyczną analizę literatury problemu i recepcję dotychczasowych publikacji oraz analizę danych zastanych charakteryzujących gospodarkę, główne wyznania religijne w społeczeństwie i poziom religijności społeczeństwa&#x0D; Omówione koncepcje. Analizie poddane zostały dotychczasowe badania z zakresu wpływu religii na gospodarkę, z ukierunkowaniem na gospodarkę wolnorynkową. Podmiotami analizy identyfikacyjno-porównawczej były wybrane społeczeństwa i ich gospodarki.&#x0D; Wyniki i wnioski. Wyniki badań wskazują, że żadnej religii nie można uznać za jednoznacznie pro- lub antywzrostową.&#x0D; Wartość poznawcza podejścia. Analiza dostarcza odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy religia ma wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy, w jaki sposób należy przeprowadzać badania nad wpływem religii na różne aspekty życia gospodarczego, jak wykorzystywać wyniki takich badań.

Designer notoriety: What the Lubitz case tells us about the accumulation of attention capital in celebrity culture

This article introduces the concept of designer notoriety to refer to calculated attempts to derail aspects of normative order so as to garner media attention. The objective is for otherwise unexceptional people to gain celebrity. The case of the alleged sabotage of Germanwings Airbus A320 Flight, by the co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz, in 2015, is used as a case study. Drawing on the methods of content analysis from various media sources and historical sociology, the article examines the media claim that Lubitz sought celebrity and planned the crash as a means to acquire media interest. Public receptivity to the notion of designer notoriety is investigated. It is related to three key concepts: ‘the demotic turn’, ‘mediatization’ and the ‘world historic event’. The application of each concept to designer notoriety is set out and justified. The article ends by expanding the Lubitz case to refer to other examples of designer notoriety.

Archaeology and Celtic Myth

This article arises from a plenary invitation to compare myth and archaeology in the context of Celtic-speaking cultures. Approaches to myth in this context have undergone significant reassessment in the light of revisionist approaches to definitions of ‘native’ culture and ‘Celtic’ identity. These reassessments have implications for comparisons that are made between archaeological evidence and narratives, or elements thereof, that are arguably identifiable as mythic. New approaches to data in both subject areas affect roles that have long been played by myth in public reception of archaeological discoveries and in supporting cultural identities. Past approaches to such comparisons inspire caution, even scepticism, but some critical use of myth as an idea can be seen as productive – for example, in questioning conservative interpretations of textual or material data.

Postnationalism and the Past: The Politics of Theory in Roman Archaeology

European archaeology faces two significant challenges: the intractability of old national narratives about the past, combined with the resurgence of reactionary populism, and the need to update the toolkit of social archaeological theory to meet the challenges presented by the current global political climate. The theory of postnationalism offers one way of addressing both the present political situation and the need to rejuvenate archaeological theory to meet this danger—it provides both a warning of how nationalism continues to influence research and an entreaty for archaeology to embrace its political nature. By exploring the history of scholarship and politics in Roman archaeology in Romania and the public reception of Roman studies in Britain through the lens of postnationalism, this paper argues that while the past has always been and always will be political, archaeology as a discipline is at a watershed moment—archaeologists must become unapologetic political actors.

Cambios y continuidades en la transformación digital de los medios de comunicación peruanos. Análisis de las tesis peruanas sobre periodismo digital

El desarrollo tecnológico ha representado nuevos retos y cambios en las empresas de comunicación internacionales y nacionales debido a la mayor interacción de los públicos con los contenidos e informaciones en los entornos digitales, a través de dispositivos móviles, tabletas y computadoras. La revisión bibliográfica aborda las tesis producidas en el Perú respecto de las transformaciones de los medios de comunicación en el entorno digital relacionadas con las prácticas de producción de la información, las innovaciones en los contenidos, la migración hacia el periodismo digital, así como los estudios sobre la recepción por parte de los públicos. El análisis muestra que la producción académica ha aumentado en los últimos cinco años en cada uno de los espacios de análisis señalados, principalmente en Lima y Trujillo; sin embargo, existen ausencias metodológicas que van más allá de la entrevista en profundidad y la encuesta para estudiar la recepción de los públicos de los contenidos digitales y las prácticas de producción de los periodistas.

Archival interventions and the language we use

This article discusses issues around the display and use of historical language now considered offensive. Taking as a starting point the non-neutrality of archives, archival systems and documentation, it considers the role of archivists in upholding and reproducing dominant power structures through archival description. It also examines the implications of the uncritical reproduction of historical language in archival description, catalogues and finding aids. It considers the balancing act between reproducing this language and potentially causing offence and distress, and not providing full and accurate information if it is not displayed. While much has been written previously about these issues, there are fewer links to practical actions which may be taken to mitigate these issues. Therefore, a case study is presented using the Language Policy developed by the Find & Connect web resource in Australia, to consider how archives and archivists can be more transparent in their archival description practices. It discusses the development and content of the policy, implications for work on the web resource, and public reception to the policy.

Public Attitudes About Body-Worn Cameras in Police Work: A National Study of the Sources of Their Contextual Variability

Based on a large national sample of U.S. adults, the current study examines the nature and correlates of public support for body-worn cameras (BWCs) in various policing activities. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the direct and moderating effects of individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics, general police attitudes and experiences, and specific beliefs about benefits of BWCs on the level of public support for this technology. Strong public support for BWC usage is found across different areas of police work. However, substantial contextual variability in this support is also evident when the analysis focused on the conjunctive influences of individuals’ level of confidence in social institutions, personal involvement in these institutions, and beliefs about police legitimacy and their effectiveness. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research on the sources of public receptivity, resistance, and change in these attitudes about BWCs over time.

The Diputación de la Grandeza and the organization of ‘Retrospective Art Exhibitions’ in the second half of the nineteenth century

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the art policies deployed by old Spanish nobility in the second half of the nineteenth century, and in particular those who became involved in organising what were then known as retrospective art exhibitions. The old nobility, whose families held titles that dated back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and belonged to the category of Grandes (Grandees) of Spain, joined together in the Diputación de la Grandeza de España – a private association created in opposition to the new nobility. It was a consultative institution attached to the Crown and created in 1815 under the honorary presidency of the King. This paper argues that the distinction sought by this regrouping of the old nobility does not imply lack of engagement in the new artistic model based on the notion of fine arts, in which they were responsible for a number of rather telling nuances. As well as sharing with the bourgeoisie the general idea that the arts were in need of protection, the nobility cultivated the image that patronage of the arts was linked to tradition, and this had consequences for the evaluation of history, the musealisation of their private collections and the public reception of old art.

Radiation Exposure of Workers and Volunteers in Shelters and Community Reception Centers in the Aftermath of a Nuclear Detonation.

After a nuclear detonation, workers and volunteers providing first aid, decontamination, and population monitoring in public shelters and community reception centers will potentially be exposed to radiation from people they are assisting who may be contaminated with radioactive fallout. A state-of-the-art computer-aided design program and radiation transport modeling software were used to estimate external radiation dose to workers in three different exposure scenarios: performing radiation surveys/decontamination, first aid, and triage duties. Calculated dose rates were highest for workers performing radiation surveys due to the relative proximity to the contaminated individual. Estimated cumulative doses were nontrivial but below the occupational dose limit established for normal operations by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.