Public Purchasing Research Articles

A lifecycle analysis of complex public procurement: an agency-institutional theory perspective

PurposeThe study sets out to demonstrate how a lifecycle perspective on complex, public-sector procurement projects can be used for making qualitative assessments of procurement policy and practice and reveal those procurement capabilities that are most impactful for operating effectively.Design/methodology/approachAgency theory, institutional theory and the lifecycle analysis technique are combined to abductively develop a framework to identify, analyse and compare complex procurement policies and practices in public sector organisations. Defence is the focal case and is compared with cases in the Nuclear, Local Government and Health sectors.FindingsThe study provides a framework for undertaking a lifecycle analysis to understand the challenges and capabilities of complex, public-sector buyers. Eighteen hierarchically-arranged themes are identified and used in conjunction with agency theory and institutional theory to explain complex procurement policy and practice variation in some of the UK’s highest-profile public buyers. The study findings provide a classification of complex buyers and offer valuable guidance for practitioners and researchers navigating complex procurement contexts.Originality/valueThe lifecycle approach proposed is a new research tool providing a bespoke application of theory by considering each lifecycle phase as an individual but related element that is governed by unique institutional pressures and principal-agent relationships.

임대주택의 공급 주체 ‧ 방식별 주택시장 안정화 효과 비교 분석

This study conducted a panel analysis to examine the impact of rental housing supply by type (public/private, built/purchased) on housing market price stabilization at the level of metropolitan city and province level. This study used data from the National Survey of House Price Trends (Korea Real Estate Board) and MOLIT Statistics System (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) for the period 2013–2021. The main findings of the analysis are as follows. In terms of a provider, publicly rented housings contribute more to price stabilization than privately rented, and in terms of a supply method, purchased-rented housings are better in price stabilization than constructed-rented housings. In terms of renting types, price stabilization effect is strongest in public purchase followed by public construction and private purchase. However, private construction is more likely to drive up prices. This suggests that rather than focusing solely on increasing inventory, rental housing supply policies should include both legal and institutional support and regulation.

Inteligência Artificial no Controle de Sobrepreço em Compras Públicas

The current technical paper discusses the crucial role played by the Court of Auditors from the State of Santa Catarina while controlling bids and contracts through the State. The challenges faced by the External Control Tax Auditors before the expressive volume of over 52 thousand notices published in 2022 are emphasized. In this conflict, we propose the exploration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a strategic tool to perfect the efficiency on the analysis of complex processes on public purchases. Our focus resides on the viability research of an AI system capable of analyzing automatically budgets originated in Public Entities, aiming the early detection of overpricing indicators by the Court of Auditors from the State of Santa Catarina. By adopting this innovative approach, we aim to contribute significantly to the efficiency of the external control, aligning to the growing and complex demands on the bids and public contracts.

Estudo Técnico Preliminar: diretrizes para a regulamentação local e regional

The general objective of this work is to investigate how the regulation of the Preliminary Technical Study can contribute to the promotion of public contracts whose results meet the social needs that originated them. To this end, we initially studied the planning of public procurement. Next, the Preliminary Technical Study was examined from the perspective of Law no. 14.133/2021, of SEGES/ME Normative Instruction n. 58, of August 8, 2022, of the doctrine and jurisprudence of the Federal Audit Court. Finally, having identified the potentialities of the ETP and considering the regulations already published (federal and state), guidelines for local regulation were proposed and regional of this instrument. Regarding methodology, the research is essentially deductive, qualitative, prescriptive, bibliographic and documentary, as it is guided by the study of doctrine, jurisprudence and national legislation. The results achieved allow us to conclude that it is possible to carry out a Preliminary Technical Study that contributes to the effectiveness of public purchases. To achieve this purpose, public bodies and entities must issue regulations that achieve the objectives of the ETP outlined by the new law on bidding and contracts and are compatible with the local and regional reality.

Pengaruh Copywriting Tiktok Hyalucera Moisturizer The Originote terhadap Minat Beli Masyarakat

The digital era development brings many factors that influence people's purchase intention, especially through digital marketing communication content. This study aims to identify whether copywriting in TikTok hyalucera moisturizer The Originote partially and simultaneously affect public purchase intention using quantitative research methods. The population in this study involves people who have and have not become consumers of the product so that it is infinite with a sample of 100 respondents obtained through simple random sampling. The results of the research analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program show that the copywriting elements of attention (X1) and communicate (X2) have no positive and significant effect partially with a value of 1.259 and a significance value of 0.211 for X1 and -0.519 with a significance value of 0.605 for X2. Meanwhile, the persuade (X3) and conviction (X4) variables have a positive and significant partial effect on people's purchase intention with a value of 3.482 and a significance value of 0.001 for X3 and a value of 3.958 with a significance value of 0.000 for X4. Copywriting elements simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on public purchase intention with an value of 57.329 and a significance value of 0.000. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2) test, copywriting elements have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention (Y) of 70.7% with the remaining 29.3% influenced by other factors not included in this study. Suggestions that can be given for variables X1 and X2 are making titles using the 4 U's formula and creating message content using the you-orientation method because good copywriting not only persuades and convinces, but also must attract attention and communicate.

A needs assessment for simulation in African surgical education.

There is a critical need for comprehensive surgical training in African countries given the unmet surgical burden of disease in this region. Collaborative and progressive initiatives in global surgical education will have the greatest impact on trainees. Little is known about surgical education needs from the perspective of practicing surgeons and trainees in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Even less is known about the potential role for simulation to augment training. A modified Delphi methodology with 2 rounds of responses was employed to survey program directors (PD) and associate program directors (APD) of Pan-African Association of Christian Surgeons (PAACS) general surgery residency programs across eight low-middle-income countries in Africa. 3 PD/APDs and 2 surgical residents participated in semi-structured interviews centered around the role of simulation in training. Descriptive analysis was performed to elicit key themes and illustrative examples. The survey of program directors revealed that teaching residents the psychomotor skills need to perform intracorporeal suturing was both high priority and desired in multiple training sites. Other high priority skills were laparoscopic camera driving and medial visceral rotation. The interviews revealed a specific desire to perform laparoscopic surgery and a need for a simulation curriculum to familiarize staff and trainees with laparoscopic techniques. Several barriers to laparoscopic surgery exist, such as lack of staff familiarity with the equipment, lack of public buy in, and lack of generalizable and adaptable educational modules. Trainees saw utility in the use of simulation to optimize time in the operating room and sought opportunities to improve their laparoscopic skills. Faculty and surgical trainees in LMICs have interest in learning advanced surgical techniques, such as laparoscopy. Developing a simulation curriculum tailored to the trainees' local context has the potential to fill this need.

Bids in The Municipality of Teófilo Otoni/Mg: Modalities and The Existence of Sustainability Criteria

Objective: The article aims to analyze the bidding modalities and the existence of sustainability criteria in the bidding notices of the municipality of Teófilo Otoni/MG based on the AGU's National Guide to Sustainable Contracting. Theoretical background: In order to respond to society's demands, the Public Administration needs to use goods and services supplied by third parties selected through a formal administrative procedure called bidding, which must include socio-economic sustainability criteria so that public purchases contribute to sustainable national development. Method: An exploratory and descriptive study was carried out, based on current legislation, recent articles and doctrine on the subject, as well as on the municipality's electronic portal, where 154 processes for contracting goods and services were found for the year 2021. Results and conclusion: It was found that the municipality needs to adhere to greater specifications for the objects it bids for, especially with regard to certifications from competent bodies, in order to ensure sustainability in its purchases. Research implications: The correlation between public procurement, bidding and sustainability presented in the research is of paramount importance in order to assess how the Public Administration can use its purchasing power to collaborate with sustainable national development. Originality/value: The study is original and provides the academic community with a local examination that better reflects the reality in the municipality surveyed in terms of the actions of government management in relation to sustainability based on its purchasing processes.

Psychoactive substance consumption after the Fundão dam mine tailing disaster in Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Disasters cause changes in morbidity, mortality, and medicine use. Brazil is one of the main producers of mineral ores at great environmental cost. Mine tailings are stored in dams and ruptures have led to major disasters. We investigated the consumption of psychoactive medicines in the municipalities affected by the Fundão dam disaster in Minas Gerais State. An ecological study was carried out on drug consumption, estimated using public purchases in Minas Gerais and dispensing data from private retail pharmacies. Consumption (in number of defined daily doses/100,000 inhabitants per day) was analyzed descriptively in eight municipalities, stratified according to consumption level during a 25-month period. Six comparisons of mean consumption values for both data sets were done for pre- and post-disaster periods. The means of medicine consumption before and after the event were plotted and linear trends were added. Public purchase data evinced high consumption levels. Only pharmaceutical retail showed significant differences between the strata in the pre-disaster versus two post-disaster periods. Smaller municipalities showed an increase in consumption 15 months after the disaster. Clonazepam led the way in pharmaceutical retail consumption, followed by fluoxetine. Medicines showed an upward trend after the disaster. The high public provision may have stifled significant consumption patterns of psychoactive drugs; however, peak consumption were observed in private retail, suggesting a modification in use patterns after the disaster. The decrease in consumption immediately after the event was probably related to lower care-seeking behavior on the part of the population, and significant peaks after the disaster may reflect economic consequences of it.

Governance in times of war: Public procurement in Ukraine.

Wars increase the importance of government functions, yet they also constrain their ability to fulfill these functions. In particular, wars hinder economic activity, thereby limiting governments' capacity to raise the revenues required to maintain stability and meet the heightened needs of citizens. Effective governance is therefore severely undermined in times of war. However, empirical research on how wars affect government procurement is limited. We address this gap by exploring procurement dynamics using over one million public purchases of goods and services in Ukraine between January 2021 and October 2022, corresponding to the Russian invasion of the country. We document a large fall in the total number of purchases since the invasion and an increase in the share of successfully completed procurements. This higher success rate comes at the cost of efficiency, with the government paying more to source their goods. This can be attributed to the decline in the share of government purchases via online auctions and the reduced competition. Thus, the prioritization of the quick acquisition of goods and services forced governments to sacrifice cost-effectiveness. In summary, the war did not lower the successful purchasing of private goods and services, and transparency was not decreased. However, the trade-off of speed and transparency for greater costs may become increasingly problematic with the growing budget constraints resulting from the war. This article contributes to our understanding of the Ukrainian government choices during the early phase of the war. The results also highlight the importance of ensuring procurement efficiency and transparency when the war ends as reconstruction efforts will require substantial increases in government procurements.

Optimalisasi Digital Marketing pada Komunitas Klinik Usaha Desa Kucur untuk Kemajuan Ekonomi Desa Kucur

The influence of attraction and social media presents several problems and benefits that will be discussed in this study. Social media is considered as one of the best ways for entrepreneurs to promote their products to attract potential customers. The increasing number of social media users makes entrepreneurs use social media influencers as one of the supporting elements in marketing their products. This study aims to analyze the effect of social network appeal on the sales level of Hanania Milk Pie products. This research methodology uses document reviews, interviews, and Instagram social media data insights that can be taken into consideration by food industry entrepreneurs. This research results in that food souvenir products can optimize digital marketing to achieve promotion in several major cities within the country and outside with promotional costs that are much cheaper than promotional models using print media or electronic media so as to increase public trust and increase purchases. The current trend for millennials is entering globalization, changes in consumer behavior, mobility, and accessibility of information. The growth of digitalization has impacted both the consumer and producer sides of the transaction market. One of them is the ability to now buy, sell, market, order, and pay for products online. This research applies the literature study method. In this journal, a series of interrelated activities are carried out by collecting library data, reading, storing data, and managing data materials for research. Based on the results and discussion, it can be said that, in the face of rivalry in business development, business actors, both micro, small and medium enterprises, MSMEs, must take into account digital marketing as one of the strategies. To support this, the majority of MSMEs agreed on three metrics for digital marketing, namely: providing clear information to consumers, assisting MSMEs in expanding market reach, and making it easier to communicate with consumers to better fulfill customer demands.

Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy.

Workers in global supply chains face forced labour, hazardous working conditions, excessive overtime, violence, union busting, and other abuses. They may be cheated of wages and bonuses promised by recruiters or dismissed without due process. They need remedy and, in fact, have a right to an effective remedy, but remedy for business-related harms in global supply chains is rare. The Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy offer a framework for making remedy a reality for workers when their rights are violated and when they are harmed in global supply chains. Developed by Electronics Watch in consultation with trade unions, labour rights organizations, and public buyers, the Principles put affected workers at the heart of the remedy process. Electronics Watch will develop tools and procedures to help public buyers to use the Principles in supplier engagement, tenders, and contract management. We encourage companies and other organizations to adopt and adapt them to address harm to workers in supply chains.

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

OP102 Towards Universal Health Coverage: Health Technology Assessment Roadmap Development In The Emirate Of Abu Dhabi Involving The Whole Ecosystem

IntroductionThe mission of the Department of Health (DoH) of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates is to provide its population with a healthy life and world leading preventive and curative services. While the DoH has regulations in place to grant market approval to new health technologies, there is a need to develop a clear overall framework for reimbursement and disinvestment decisions. Establishing a structured health technology assessment (HTA) framework is critical for informing decisions on health technologies that offer value for money, with the aim of improving equitable access to health care, financial risk protection, and, ultimately, better health outcomes.MethodsDuring 2022, the DoH collaborated with the Radboud University Medical Center to explore the feasibility of applying an evidence-informed deliberative process (EDP) HTA approach through workshops and interviews involving all stakeholders in the ecosystem, such as policy makers, principal investigators, providers, patients and public groups, product manufacturers, payers, and purchasers. A situational analysis was conducted to collect stakeholders’ views and build EDPs. Based on this analysis, a structured roadmap was developed.ResultsThe comprehensive five-year roadmap to implement a holistic HTA framework in Abu Dhabi consisted of five major elements, starting with the establishment of an appropriate HTA policy framework as a foundation. Abu Dhabi should firmly establish its HTA structure and program (in one to two years), and at the same time invest in developing and retaining HTA training capacity so that over time (within three to five years) the country can build up its own expertise to sustain the program. This needs to be accompanied by continuous awareness raising among all relevant stakeholders.ConclusionsThis roadmap is the first and most important step toward implementing a holistic HTA framework in Abu Dhabi. Technical work needs to be complemented by continuously raising awareness and involving all relevant stakeholders. Looking at the initial results and international benchmarks, HTA will significantly contribute to achieving a sustainable, high quality healthcare system.

Cybersecurity vulnerability analysis of medical devices purchased by national health services

The growing integration of software within medical devices introduces the potential for cybersecurity threats. How significant is this risk, and to what extent are citizens currently exposed? In this study, we adopt a new data-gathering methodology using datasets provided in Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS). This allowed us to perform an extensive analysis across over 36 countries within a 12-year range, searching 92 million public administration purchase records for potentially vulnerable medical devices. The findings reveal a concerning landscape wherein numerous medical devices purchased by national health services possessed or still possess 661 distinct vulnerabilities—more than half of which are deemed critical or high-severity. These vulnerabilities enable relatively simple attacks to impact data confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility severely. Even if patches were applied immediately upon discovery, these vulnerabilities would still result in roughly 3.2 years of system exposure from the time a device is purchased until a software vulnerability is announced, with all classes of devices affected, including high-risk IIB and III devices which accounts for 74% of instances. While a full analysis requires interactivity, this noninvasive methodology enables a large-scale study, emphasizing the need to move faster from the safety to the security of medical devices.

Impact of the Flexibility of Procurement Processes on Public Purchases in the Tackling of the Public Health Emergency Caused by COVID-19: Evidence from Brazil

Impact of the Flexibility of Procurement Processes on Public Purchases in the Tackling of the Public Health Emergency Caused by COVID-19: Evidence from Brazil

New-buy situations and emerging public buying centers

The buying center concept and various buying situations are core components of industrial marketing research. Currently, organisational buying literature neglects public buying and has difficulties understanding new-buy situations involving innovation processes. Based on an exploratory case study, we examine four pre-commercial procurement projects which provide valuable insight into new-buy situations that involve innovation processes. Firms (suppliers) collaborate with public organisations (customers) and learn about emerging public buying centers throughout the projects. We contribute with a model highlighting the value of collaboration between firms and public organisations based on information sharing, expectation alignment and strategic repositioning. Over time, the collaboration supports firms and public organisations to influence and identify emerging buying centers and gain understanding of how they are organised and operate and the decision-makers within them.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of routine histoplasmosis screening among people living with advanced HIV disease in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Histoplasma antigen can be detected in people with advanced HIV disease (AHD), allowing for early and accurate diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of routine histoplasmosis screening using antigen detection, among people with AHD. We developed a decision analytic model to evaluate Histoplasma antigen screening among people with AHD. The model estimated the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of routine screening for Histoplasma antigen compared to the current practice of no routine Histoplasma antigen screening. The model includes stratification by symptoms of histoplasmosis, severity of presentation, and estimates of 30-day mortality. Data sources were taken from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Fund databases on public purchases of medicines, and published literature on treatment outcomes. Outcome measures are life years saved (LYS), costs (US dollars), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Routine Histoplasma antigen screening avoids an estimated 17% of deaths in persons with advanced HIV disease, and is cost-effective compared to no histoplasmosis screening, with an ICER of $26/LYS. In sensitivity analysis assuming treatment for histoplasmosis with liposomal amphotericin, Histoplasma antigen screening remains cost-effective with an ICER of $607/LYS. Histoplasma antigen screening among people with AHD is a cost-effective strategy and could potentially avert 17% of AIDS-related deaths. Prospective evaluation of histoplasmosis screening is warranted to determine effectiveness and treatment outcomes with this strategy.

Individuals and Organizations as Sources of State Effectiveness

Bureaucrats implement policy. How important are they for a state’s productivity? And do the trade-offs between policies depend on their effectiveness? Using data on 16 million public purchases in Russia, we show that 39 percent of the variation in prices paid for narrowly defined items is due to the individual bureaucrats and organizations who manage procurement. Low-price buyers also display higher spending quality. Theory suggests that such differences in effectiveness can be pivotal for policy design. To illustrate, we show that a common one—bid preferences for domestic suppliers—substantially improves procurement performance, but only when implemented by ineffective bureaucrats. (JEL D73, H57, H83, L14, P26)

Multi-Agent Evolutionary Game Analysis of Group Panic Buying in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic

With the global outbreak of COVID-19, the panic-buying incidents triggered by the variants of the Omicron strain have severely affected the normal social order. This paper considers the complex interest game and interactive relationship among multiple subjects in the mass-panic buying event caused by rumors and constructs a three-party evolution game model of local government, rumor-monger, and public. The strategy-selection process of each subject based on evolutionary game theory is studied, and the strategy selection of three game subjects in different situations and related influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the example of the montmorillonite powder panic buying caused by the XBB virus strain rumor in China, the evolutionary game model constructed in this study is simulated and analyzed. The study shows that the evolutionary process of the mass panic-buying event is characterized by six stages: the initial stage; the outbreak stage; the spread stage; the climax stage; the relief stage; and the recovery stage. There are four stable points in the evolutionary game of the three game subjects, namely (no intervention, no rumor, no panic buying), (no intervention, rumor, no panic buying), (intervention, no rumor, no panic buying), and (intervention, rumor, no panic buying). The strategy of government intervention will be adjusted according to the strategy selection of the public and the rumor-monger. Under the mechanism of reward and punishment of the higher-level government, increasing the punishment and reward intensity of the higher-level government will promote the local government to intervene in the rumor-mongering event faster, but increasing the reward intensity has a more significant impact on the intervention behavior of the local government than punishment, and increasing punishment intensity has a more significant impact on the non-rumor-mongering behavior of the rumor-monger than reward. The parameters of social risk-bearing cost, risk transmission coefficient, rumor-mongering income and cost, and public drug purchase cost have different degrees of influence on the evolutionary behavior of game subjects. Therefore, this study provides new ideas for effectively responding to mass panic buying events in the context of public emergencies.

Analysis of Public Purchase Interest in Yamaha Motorcycles Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Method

This data mining will carry out a classification of people who are interested and not interested in buying Yamaha motorcycles. In the data mining process, a method is needed that can provide goals to the data mining process. That's because there are many data mining methods that can be used. In this study the method that will be used by the author is the K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method. This method will be used to classify people's buying interest in Yamaha motorbikes. This research was conducted because there are some people who say that Yamaha motorbikes are not good, use of wasteful fuel. Therefore this research was conducted to prove this statement. So a research was made about people's buying interest in Yamaha motorbikes. Classification results obtained from 100 community data. From the classification process that has been carried out, the results show that 41 community data (41% representation) are interested in buying Yamaha motorcycles and 59 community data (59% representation) are not interested in buying Yamaha motorbikes. The results obtained state that there are still many people who are interested in Yamaha motorbikes. But it can be used as a reference that people are interested in motorbikes that have a good appearance, use economical fuel and are affordable. These results were obtained from the community's answers in the questionnaire, they were interested in motorbikes that use little fuel, have good designs and are affordable.