Public Private Research Articles

Reducing Food Waste Through Choice Architecture: Insights From Denmark, the UK, and San Francisco

Food waste poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges, with approximately 1.05 billion tonnes wasted globally in 2022, accounting for 19% of available consumable food. This paper explores the effectiveness of choice architecture in reducing food waste, highlighting successful initiatives in Denmark, the U.K., and San Francisco. Denmark’s “Stop Wasting Food” initiative achieved a 25% reduction in food waste through clear labeling and pricing strategies. The U.K.’s “Love Food Hate Waste” campaign reduced household food waste by 21% by providing practical tools and educational resources. San Francisco’s comprehensive waste management program, including mandatory composting and recycling laws, diverted 80% of waste from landfills. The paper suggests that governments and organizations can implement similar strategies, such as regulatory frameworks, public-private partnerships, and consumer education, to reduce food waste. It also identifies areas for further research, including the long-term sustainability of these interventions and their adaptability to different cultural and social contexts. These findings emphasize the importance of innovative approaches through choice architecture to reduce food waste for environmental sustainability and economic efficiency.

A city so cold: parking on the streets of public–private predation

Four out of every five vehicles towed in Chicago for snow-related parking violations were seized on days without accumulation of snow. Either unwilling or unable to satisfy the debts required to recover their cars, hundreds were never recovered. Synthesising multiple sources of public data over a five-year span (2013–2017), the authors show how these towing practices disparately devastate segregated communities of colour through impositions of debt and dispossession. Who profits from these impositions? The same politically connected company that represents one of Chicago’s first attempts at privatisation. United Road Towing landed the exclusive city contract in 1989, only nine days after the company’s creation, and its ascendance to Chicago’s political scene stood upon a white racial imaginary that linked parking violations to threats of urban decay. Through a euphemistically named public–private partnership, United Road Towing has since become one of the largest towing companies in the world. This article is an inquiry that parses out a concept the authors label as ‘public–private predation’ by historicising Chicago’s commodification of the streetscape, theorising how racialised hardship results from the draining of neighbourhood resources and quantifying which segregated communities are subject to these new sites of extraction – all within a world of winter parking regulations.

The importance of interregional investment projects in correcting the regional budget deficiency

Subject. This article discusses the issues of efficiency and competitiveness of the regional economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the mechanisms for the implementation of interregional investment projects in Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of systems and comparative analyses. Results. The article finds that a set of developed measures aimed at optimizing financial and economic interaction between the regions will contribute to solving the problem of regional budget deficit. In particular, it is necessary to develop and implement methodological recommendations for determining the percentage of regional participation in joint projects and for assessing their effectiveness in terms of influencing regional budgets. Conclusions. It is necessary to create conditions for intensifying public-private partnerships at the regional level.

Improving the mechanism of State support to light industry enterprises

Subject. The article investigates problems of technological modernization of enterprises and the role of the State in the light industry development. Objectives. The study aims at the critical analysis of State support measures for light industry enterprises. Methods. The study rests on methods of comparative and statistical analysis. Results. The paper demonstrates insufficient effectiveness of methods of State support for light industry enterprises in the current period, notes low efficiency of State property use in the industry, offers a mechanism of State management of light industry enterprise development, based on the theory of technological dynamics. Conclusions. It is necessary to improve the system of public-private partnership in the industry. The use of mechanisms to regulate the development of industrial enterprises, taking into account the fundamental laws of sector-specific technological systems development, will enable to significantly increase the effectiveness of measures of State support for the light industry.

Legal frameworks for sustainable tourism: balancing environmental conservation and economic development

ABSTRACT Tourism is a vital part of the global economy but often imposes significant environmental pressure, necessitating robust legal frameworks for sustainability. This study explores the role of environmental law in promoting sustainable tourism, motivated by the need to assess the effectiveness of existing regulations. It hypothesises that while numerous international and national laws exist to mitigate tourism's environmental impacts, their effectiveness is often hindered by enforcement challenges and socio-economic factors. Using a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review and case studies, the research highlights the dual nature of tourism’s impact, showing economic benefits alongside environmental costs. Case studies from Egypt, UAE, and KSA illustrate successful sustainable practices when strong legal frameworks and community involvement are present. The study concludes that a combination of regulatory measures, economic incentives, and public-private partnerships is crucial for sustainable tourism, recommending enhanced enforcement and global cooperation.

Challenges and Solutions for Sustainable ICT: The Role of File Storage

Digitalization has been increasingly recognized for its role in addressing numerous societal and environmental challenges. However, the rapid surge in data production and the widespread adoption of cloud computing has resulted in an explosion of redundant, obsolete, and trivial (ROT) data within organizations’ data estates. This issue adversely affects energy consumption and carbon footprint, leading to inefficiencies and a higher environmental impact. Thus, this opinion paper aims to discuss the challenges and potential solutions related to the environmental impact of file storage on the cloud, aiming to address the research gap in “digital sustainability” and the Green IT literature. The key findings reveal that technological issues dominate cloud computing and sustainability research. Key challenges in achieving sustainable practices include the widespread lack of awareness about the environmental impacts of digital activities, the complexity of implementing accurate carbon accounting systems compliant with existing regulatory frameworks, and the role of public–private partnerships in developing novel solutions in emerging areas such as 6G technology.

On the relevance of ideology and electoral cycles in the celebration of public-private partnership contracts for infrastructures in Brazil

This paper provides a unique empirical analysis of the effects of political factors on the adoption of PPP contracts in Brazil. As such, it innovates along two different lines: first, political factors behind the adoption of PPPs have been largely ignored in the vast body of empirical literature, and second, there is scant work done on the motives of any kind behind the adoption of PPPs in Brazil. Various economic and financial reasons have been evoked to justify the use of PPPs in general. These include the goal of promoting socio-economic development in a tight public budgetary framework or of improving the quality of public services through the use of economically efficient and cost-effective mechanisms. Any possible underlying political motives, however, have been overlooked in the PPP research. And yet, there is abundant literature suggesting a link between the adoption of PPPs and the ideology of the governing body or the political cycles associated with elections. This study examines the impact of ideological commitment and opportunistic political behavior on the process of PPP contracting in Brazil, including the stages of public consultation, the publication of tender, and the signature of the contract, using federative-level data for the period between 2005 and 2022. Consistent with the outstanding literature, the two hypotheses are tested: first, conservative parties tend to celebrate more PPP contracts than left-leaning parties, and second, the electoral calendar has a significant effect in the process, allowing for opportunistic behaviors. Empirical results suggest that there is little evidence for the relevance of ideological leanings in the process of adopting PPPs in Brazil. Additionally, regardless of ideology, parties significantly choose to enter PPPs at specific points in the electoral cycle, suggesting decisions are influenced by political considerations and electoral strategy rather than by purely financial or ideological considerations. This may pose severe constraints on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the contracts, negatively impacting public governance and leading to protracted costs for taxpayers.

CEO Cross-Sector Work Experience and Public–Private Partnership Formation of Private Firms in China

Abstract As the need for collaboration across multiple organizations to deal with complex social issues such as poverty, crime, and public health grows, Public–Private Partnership (PPP) is of increasing importance. However, little is known about when and why private firms engage in such partnerships. Drawing on upper-echelon theory and the information-processing perspective, we highlight the importance of institutional knowledge and information embedded in CEO cross-sector work experience. We argue that such tacit knowledge and information enables CEOs to better identify the potential risks associated with PPPs. Consequently, CEOs with cross-sector work experience tend to be more cautious in participating in such partnerships, especially in developing economies like China, where private actors face greater information incompleteness concerning post-collaboration hazards due to the government's selective disclosure. Moreover, we develop a multi-moderator framework in which regional marketization and political connection alter the main effect by serving as supplementary information channels for private actors. A panel dataset of Chinese private listed firms from 2013 to 2021 provides strong support for our hypotheses. This study contributes to our understanding of the micro-foundation of PPP formation and draws attention to CEOs’ prior career experiences in different organizational forms.

Sustainable development through the balancing of photovoltaic charging facilities and agriculture for energy harvesting

Photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) provide viable alternatives for powering rural areas and promoting sustainable development. However, solar energy and agricultural land compete with each other, necessitating a balance between energy needs and land preservation. Despite the potential of agricultural PV charging stations, there is a lack of research on their operational models, policies, stakeholder interactions, and feasibility of development. This study combines renewable energy and charging infrastructure subsidy policies, utilizes a public-private partnership model, and employs evolutionary game theory to establish a theoretical framework exploring strategic interactions among energy operators, EV users, and farmers. The model considers the impacts of generation, charging, and agricultural elements, conducting techno-economic research. A case study conducted in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA, revealed subsequent findings: (1) The players' evolutionary stable approach ultimately converges to (1,1,1). When renewable energy subsidies are decreased by 50 %, the likelihood of active engagement for energy operators drops to 0, and for farmers, it falls to 0.8. (2) As the usage duration of charging facilities grows by 50 %, energy operators and EVUs make steady progress before reaching 0.2 cycles, but farmers encounter a delay after 0.4 cycles. (3) It is feasible to fulfil the yearly charging requirements for EVs in Sioux Falls and South Dakota using only 7.4 ha and less than 22 ha of agricultural land area, respectively. Investors in Sioux Falls have the potential to earn an annual income of $1.1085 million, generate 7906.07 MWh of electricity, and reduce GHG emissions by 6525.91 tons of CO2-equivalent. Although farmers generate higher annual revenue, it typically takes them over a decade to reach the point of breaking even, and their return on investment is comparatively lower than that of energy operators.

Gas flaring, sustainable development goal 2 and food security reflections in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria

The flaring of gas is a double jeopardy of wasting valuable energy resource and environmental degradation. That had been the experience with the Niger Delta area since 1956 when oil was discovered in commercial quantity in the region. Gas flaring is an active contributor of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions, global warming, climate change crisis and the consequent acid rain, rising temperature and sea level, flooding, agricultural and aquatic food chain disruption. The Niger Delta area as a global spot rich in oil, gas, aquatic and agricultural foods had remained a paradox of plenty, poverty and hunger. In view of this stack reality, it is the concern of this study to determine if zero hunger can be achieved in the area by 2030 and make recommendations that will serve as blue print for national and global actualization SDG 2. The study adopted documentary research method, leveraged on Public–Private Partnership (PPP) and Win–Win Concept as frameworks of interpretation and unveiled that ending gas flaring is associated with inherent economic growth, environmental preservation and sustainable livelihood in and beyond Niger Delta.

Public-Private Partnerships in the Healthcare Sector and Sustainability: Managerial Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

This article aims to critically understand the current state of the art of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector and to highlight implications useful for implementing sustainability-oriented PPPs. By employing text mining to analyze the sampled articles, we identify the main themes distinguishing healthcare PPPs and sustainability. We critically discuss the narrative underlying the results achieved in terms of emerging topics: governance, managerial tools, barriers, advantages/disadvantages, and big data. Finally, we propose a literature-driven framework on PPP management that identifies implications – systemic approach, technical managerial skills, governance balance, operational instruments – that can facilitate the development of sustainability-oriented PPPs in the healthcare sector.

Study on Basic Requirements and Critical Success Factors (CSF) of Implementing Availability Payment in Public-Private Partnership (AP PPP) in Regency/Municipal Government

Referring to PPP Books 2017-2023 issued by The Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia, there is only 1 out of 16 AP PPP projects at the municipal/regency level that have successfully reached the operational stage (6% success rate), i.e. Madiun Regency Public Street Lighting. Several municipal/regency AP PPP projects have failed, for example, Bandung Municipal Public Street Lighting. The widespread failures indicate that the application of AP in regional infrastructure has so far not been successful in Indonesia. This paper aims to identify the basic requirements, critical success factors, and lessons learned from AP PPP implementation in Municipal/Regency Governments. Thus, it is hoped that the future provision of regional infrastructure with the AP scheme can proceed seamlessly. This study used a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative data from literature reviews, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed that the basic requirements for AP PPP include the existence of regulations and institutions. The five main success factors of AP PPP in the Municipal/Regency Government are (1) a well-organized and committed public agency; (2) political support; (3) favorable and efficient legal framework; (4) stable political and economic situation; and (5) public and private sector commitments and responsibilities. The lesson learned from the case study is that fiscal capacity is not the main factor in the success of PPP in Madiun Regency, but rather the willingness of the local government to implement PPP by regularly holding capacity building and maintaining good relationships and communication with each stakeholder involved.

Key elements for promoting public-private partnerships in research and innovation

Key elements for promoting public-private partnerships in research and innovation

Entrepreneurs in Africa – the agenda for Business History in Africa: Complexity and continuity

Abstract Africa has been the location of centuries of business activity. African business displays a complex development path through early indigenous kingdoms, colonial control and post–1950 independence. The historiography on these developments is unbalanced in favour of the role performed by enterprises embedded in capitalist metropolitan economies. Complex and dynamic African entrepreneurial activity persisted but adapted to global market changes. Business historians have not systematically explored African agencies in business, the management systems and the organisational evolution of enterprise in Africa. As market liberalisation provided new business opportunities, African businesses emerged to complement and compete with foreign-owned enterprises. As market liberalisation stimulated globalisation, multi-national companies returned to African markets, fostering competition and collaboration. Changes in the political economy of many African states gave rise to more dynamic regulatory contexts and public-private partnerships in different sectors of developing African economies. These trends appear in the Business History of Africa from the perspective of African business, owned by Africans from diverse ethnic origins as proof of the complex trends and processes in African enterprise development. This contribution seeks to refine the focus on business and entrepreneurs in Africa as agents in the continent’s business landscape. The manuscript acknowledges the diversity among African entrepreneurs and the dynamically changing state-business nexus through history. Can one identify a distinct «African» nature of enterprise? This manuscript addresses aspects of conceptual clarity on what constitutes African business in an attempt to map the agenda for Business History in Africa.

Diabetes Prevention Strategies in Ghana: Opportunities for Community-Based Interventions

Diabetes was emerging as a critical public health challenge in Ghana, driven by rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and increasing rates of obesity. This article reviewed the growing prevalence of diabetes in Ghana, particularly type 2 diabetes, and highlighted the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. It also examined the epidemiological trends, identified key risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets, and discussed the role of genetic predisposition in the rising diabetes rates. The article explored various models of community-based interventions, including the Community Mobilization Model, Ecological Model, Social Marketing Model, Health Belief Model, and Participatory Action Research, as promising approaches to diabetes prevention in Ghana. These models leveraged local knowledge, cultural practices, and community structures to promote healthier lifestyles, increase awareness, and facilitate early detection. The article also identified challenges such as inadequate funding, healthcare infrastructure disparities, and cultural barriers that hinder the implementation of prevention programs. However, it highlighted opportunities for leveraging mobile health technologies, public-private partnerships, and the integration of diabetes prevention with existing health services. The methodology used involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies from other low- and middle-income countries to identify effective community-based strategies for diabetes prevention. The article concluded with recommendations for scaling up community-based interventions to reduce the incidence of diabetes and improve public health outcomes in Ghana. Keywords: Diabetes Prevention, Community-Based Interventions Ghana, Risk Factors, Health

Effects of Transport Infrastructure Development on the Socioeconomic Wellbeing of Baro Residents: A Study of Baro Inland Port in Niger State

The development of Baro inland port is heavily reliant on the availability of robust transport infrastructure and accessibility, which is crucial for enhancing the socioeconomic wellbeing of Baro residents. This study investigates the effects of transport infrastructure development on the socioeconomic wellbeing of Baro residents. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey, with 394 questionnaires administered randomly to Baro residents. A total of 350 completed questionnaires were returned and analyzed using descriptive statistics (simple percentage) and chi-squared analysis. The findings reveal that transport infrastructure development has a significant positive impact on socioeconomic wellbeing, leading to improved access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. To build on this, prioritization of access road and rail network construction and rehabilitation is recommended to facilitate efficient passenger and goods movement. Furthermore, the involvement of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) is suggested by this study to address the challenges facing Baro inland port and enhance the flow of passengers and goods.

Appraising Agriculture Development Strategy of Nepal from Agricultural Extension Perspective

Nepalese economy is primarily dependent on agriculture which provides employment to the vast majority (>60.02%) of the people. The goal of the Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) is to make agriculture sector more productive, equitable, and sustainable driver for upgrading Nepalese economy. This library based paper thus aims to appraise ADS from extension perspective which is essential for educating farmers about new ideas and information related to agriculture development. The study thoroughly appraises ADS programs, policy documents, scholarly articles and secondary data fact supplemented to the research issue educating and supporting farmers. The result of the appraisal show that implementation of a voucher system and the decentralized strategy of establishing Service Centers for Community Agriculture Extension in each Village Development Committee, use of ICT and GESI based approaches are praiseworthy. However, there are still major obstacles to overcome resource constraints, implementation hurdles, and unclear roles due to the federal governance transition. The paper concludes that to enhance betterment of the ADS, there is a need for increased funding, capacity building, and improved infrastructure. Additionally, stronger monitoring and evaluation systems, along with promoting public-private partnerships and ensuring active farmer participation are essential. Addressing these issues is crucial for achieving goals and objectives of the ADS.

Understanding Attendees’ Feedback and Outcomes from the Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers (DAESI) Training Programme

Input dealers serve as a key source of agricultural information for farmers at the village level, functioning as a one-stop shop. Therefore, they need to be well-versed in location-specific crop production technologies related to broad-based agriculture and proficient in managing agricultural inputs. This expertise ensures they can offer accurate advice to farmers dealing with field issues. In this context, MANAGE introduced the Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers (DAESI), a significant national program by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. This program aims to train agri-input dealers across the country, equipping them to serve as para extension workers and provide farmers with reliable technical knowledge. Ex-post facto cause to effect research design has been followed for the present study. This empirical study on the attendees’ perception and experiences of DAESI programme showcases not only their socio-economic profile of the input dealers undergoing training but also their insights on training programme package (satisfactorily good as a whole); their feedback on resource material and mode of delivery (suitable); their outlook of the facilitator of the programme (cooperative and favourable) as well as their experience regarding the activities performed during the training (satisfactory); and lastly the attendees’ perception regarding the objective to attend the DAESI Training Programme (amongst which majority of them attended the programme to either obtain certificate or to become a para-extension worker).The DAESI program is a trailblazing way that offers participants, who lack formal agricultural qualifications, a chance to acquire agricultural knowledge. Obtaining the diploma is a compulsory step for renewing their licenses, which drives many, particularly those with business interests, to enroll in the DAESI program. To enhance the DAESI training program, updating cost norms, incorporating digital learning, introducing refresher courses, tailoring the curriculum to local needs, strengthening public-private partnerships, increasing practical exposure, and promoting gender inclusivity could be followed.

Exploring public-private partnerships in Latin America and the Caribbean using topic modeling and sentiment analysis

Collaboration between the public and private sectors is crucial for supporting resource-constrained government budgets globally. Over the past two decades, studies have recorded significant advances in public-private partnerships (PPPs). However, PPPs in agribusiness within Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remain underexplored. This study analyzes the primary issues related to PPPs in agribusiness across selected countries and compares sentiments regarding these partnerships within the analyzed countries. Using text mining, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis, the study found that the main issues revolve around infrastructure, impacting trade, flow, and services in regional, national, and continental agribusiness and exports. While PPPs are seen as an innovative approach to improving public services, sentiment analysis reveals that many countries express anger and disgust, primarily due to concerns about corruption and the state’s inability to manage or play an effective role in these public policies. This study highlights that integrating topic and sentiment data offers a comprehensive view that can inform more effective public policies and development strategies for PPPs in agribusiness.

Implementation of Gold Bullion Funding as Alternative Instruments to Overcome the Problem of Currency Fluctuation

Infrastructure development has an important contribution in improving the national economy and realizing people's welfare. However, there are still problems in the implementation, namely the government's limited ability to fund infrastructure development projects. For this reason, the government has actually attempted to create a mechanism in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP) by emphasizing risk sharing between the government and the private sector. However, this effort did not run smoothly because there were other risks, one of which was related to project financing which was at risk of currency value fluctuations. This situation shows that there is a need for a solution to optimize project financing in Indonesia through the Gold Bullion Funding (GBF) mechanism. The research method used is normative legal research by utilizing a qualitative method in analyzing data or secondary data through searching regulations and literature related to the object of the problem. Based on the research results, the author initiated the GBF mechanism to answer problems related to the implementation of project finance in PPPs. Regarding its implementation, the GBF mechanism will refer to the OJK regulation regarding the implementation of bullion business activities in order to optimize the government's role in forming the bullion ecosystem in Indonesia. With this mechanism, problems related to currency fluctuations in project finance in Indonesia can be resolved so that development can be realized that is effective, efficient and provides benefits to society.