Various developing countries have been promoting public–private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects in recent years. Energy infrastructure project construction, which needs substantial capital investments, is a cornerstone of and supports economic development. A PPP-based energy infrastructure project is beneficial for alleviating developing countries’ financial burden and for facilitating the diversified development of the energy market. Therefore, to increase government income and reduce infrastructure project costs, the PPP energy project construction model attracts considerable attention of various industries, especially in developing countries. For example, as gross domestic product growth decelerates and the government debt ratio rapidly increases, many Chinese provinces and cities face financial obstacles to economic development; therefore the Chinese government has issued a series of PPP-based energy policies. However, a number of risk factors associated with PPP projects, and conflicting interests between governments and private investors, have resulted in project failure. This study analyzes the development of PPP in China from the economic and industrial development perspective. It combines the latest PPP energy policies of China to solve problems that stem from the main risk factors involved in constructing and operating PPP energy projects. This research also provides game analysis for achieving maximum benefits as the government and the private investor have conflicting interests.