Implementation Of Public-private Partnership Research Articles

Institutional work and infrastructure public–private partnerships (PPPs): the roles of religious symbolic work and power in implementing PPP projects

PurposeExisting public–private partnership (PPP) literature that explicitly adopts neo-institutional theory, tends to elucidate the impact of isomorphic pressures and organizational fields and structuration on PPP projects. This paper advances this literature by presenting the institutional work and micro-level dynamics through which actors initiate and implement a new form of project delivery. The authors show how actors enact responses to institutional structuration in the expansion and transformation of an airport from a public entity into a PPP in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a single case study design that offers an empirically rich and thick description of events such as the dynamic processes, practices and types of institutional work carried out by actors and organizations to deliver the project under investigation.FindingsReligious symbolic work as social integration triggered system integration work, which expanded the power capabilities of individual actors leading the project. Repair work then followed to alleviate the negative effects of disempowering the agency of actors negatively affected by the PPP model and to streamline the project implementation process.Practical implicationsThis research offers several practical implications. For PPPs to operate successfully in contexts similar to the Gulf region, policymakers should provide strong political support and be willing to bear a considerable risk of losses or minimal outcomes during the early phases of experimentation with PPPs. Also, policymakers should not only focus their attention on technical requirements of PPPs but also associate new meanings with the normative and cultural-cognitive elements that are integral to the success of PPP implementation. In order to design strategies for change that are designed to fit the unique cultural and sociopolitical settings of each country, policymakers should empower capable individual actors and provide them with resources and access to power, which will enable them to enforce changes that diverge from institutionalized practices.Social implicationsThis research connected the PPP literature with theoretical frameworks drawn from neo-institutional theory and power. It would be valuable for further research, however, to connect ideas from the PPP literature with other disciplines such as psychology and social entrepreneurship. PPP research examines a recent phenomenon that can potentially be combined with non-traditional streams of research in analyzing projects. Expanding the realm of PPP research beyond traditional theoretical boundaries could potentially yield exciting insights into how the overall institutional and psychological environments surrounding projects affect their initiation and implementation.Originality/valueThe paper contributes new insights regarding the roles of religious symbolic work, allied with social and system integration of power relations in implementing PPP projects. It suggests a theoretical shift from structures and organizational fields – macro- and meso-levels of analysis – to individuals – micro-level – as triggers of new forms of project delivery that break with the status quo.

The influence of governance on the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in the United Kingdom and China: A systematic comparison

Although Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been widely implemented in a number of countries, their development and governance contexts are different. This research investigates PPPs through the lens of governmentality and develops a systematic and innovative analytical framework to evaluate and compare the PPP governance in China and the United Kingdom. Based on the findings, a conceptual model is proposed to illustrate the conducting of PPP governance, by the governments involved. The research contributes to the literature on the governance of PPP by providing a clear framework and an assessment tool. The result can benefit the policymakers in different countries, in assessing and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their PPP governance in practice, hence helping the decision-making of government in identifying and targeting loopholes in their PPP market.

Public–private partnerships: implications from policy changes for practice in managing risks

PurposeThis paper investigates the policy changes made towards infrastructure public–private partnerships (PPPs). The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the policy risks associated with the development of PPPs and to assess their impacts on the projects.Design/methodology/approachA case study of the policy changes that have been implemented for PPPs in China over the past seven years has been undertaken and is presented in this study. The causal loop diagrams are applied to assess and illustrate the potential impacts of the risks as a result of such changes on PPPs.FindingsA sequence of the policy risks, which relate to PPP risk allocation, contract management and implementation, payment and abatement mechanisms and financing, has been identified. It is also found that the identified risks will generate significant but negative impacts on PPPs, leading to an ineffective project delivery, low revenue, poor service quality and even contract breach.Practical implicationsThis research provides the private-sector entities that will embark on PPPs with an insight into managing and controlling policy risks over the project's lifecycle.Originality/valuePPPs have been critical for infrastructure development worldwide. Nevertheless, they have been a controversy, as many of them were subjected to poor outputs. Consequently, a variety of political mechanisms has been implemented to enhance the governance for PPPs. Policy can bring not only benefits but also risks and, however, policy risks of PPPs with a particular assessment for their potential impacts have received limited attention. Therefore, the study presented in this paper will contribute to the identification and assessment of policy risks within the context of PPPs.

Study on Identification of Spurious Public–Private Partnership Projects in China

Public–private partnership (PPP) is effective in delivering infrastructure projects. In China, PPP has been widely adopted in project finance ever since the government has permitted the private sector to get involved in the investment and operation of urban infrastructure. However, there seem to be many spurious PPP projects emerging in the market, which may bring about losses to the stakeholders and lead PPP away from orderly and standardized development. This paper attempts to address this issue by applying the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to investigate two infrastructure PPP projects, and analyze the characteristics of genuine and spurious PPP projects in China. Recommendations for mass implementation of PPP and ways of identifying spurious PPP projects are summarized to guide the regulation of infrastructure PPP projects. The paper also provides a reference for project selection and policy-making in the future.

A Simple Mediation Model for Public–Private Partnership Implementation in Developing Countries: A Case of Tanzania

The governance mechanism is examined as a mediator to the potential implementation of the public–private partnership (PPP) in the Sub-Saharan Africa region by using Tanzania as a reference case. There is an intricate relationship between the public and private sector in applying the complex PPP phenomenon on infrastructure development, a decision beyond the government functionality for performance is required to steer its implementation. A need for a network system with a positive mindset to what PPP can achieve in adjusting the efficiency and financial gap to infrastructure. In the mediation model, a mediator can partially or fully facilitate the relationship of the outcome variable. With the use of the bootstrapping method in SPSS, our result evidenced a full mediation through governance to PPP implementation.

Success Factors for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Vietnam

Infrastructure projects require a great amount of capital investment resulting from their tremendous size, complexity, and risk. Due to the limitation of public finances, the private sector is invited to participate in infrastructure project development. The private sector can entirely or partially invest in an infrastructure project in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) scheme, which has been an attractive option for several developing countries, including Vietnam. Unfortunately, despite the PPP scheme will improve project efficiencies and attract capital investments of private investors, the success of PPP implementation is not guaranteed. This paper investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam. Relevant data were collected through in-depth interviews with six PPP experts and questionnaire surveys with 150 interviewees, and then analyzed by the word cloud technique and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The CSFs were ranked based on the viewpoints of the public sector, the private sector, and the PPP consultants. The outcomes show that there was no significant difference in the perceptions of all three parties concerning the success factors for PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam. The top five critical success factors are (1) timely land acquisition and appropriate compensation, (2) financial capacity of the private sector, (3) effective project management, (4) favorable and complete legal framework and regulations, and (5) financial feasibility and attraction. Recognizing the CSFs is indispensable to ensure the success of PPP infrastructure project implementation.

Critical success factors for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure and housing projects in Kenya

Despite the emergence of studies on critical success factors (CSFs) for public-private partnerships (PPPs) implementation within developing countries, there is a paucity of studies that examine CSFs barriers within the context of developing countries, particularly the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) such as Kenya. This paper aims to investigate the perceptions of Kenyan public and private stakeholder’s concerning the CSFs to the implementation of PPPs in infrastructure and housing projects. A quantitative approach using survey-based questionnaire is adopted. CSFs identified from literature review were empirically tested by data collected using a sample survey of 27 Kenyan stakeholders. Response data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that “acceptance and support given by the community”, “project feasibility”, “the laws, regulations and guidelines put in place”, “available financial market” and “having a well organised and committed public agency” were the highly ranked CSFs. In contrast, “effective and enough resource allocation and management”, “transparency and equity in the procurement process”, and “proper and efficient training of employees” were the least ranked CSFs. These findings can be used as a road-map for the successful implementation of PPPs, provides insights on the CSFs of PPPs in infrastructure and housing projects across the Kenyan construction sector.

Attractive Factors of Public Private Partnership (PPP) for Road Projects in Ethiopia

The private sector has long been involved in delivering public sector projects in Ethiopia but its role limited as consultant and contractor for the government. Over recent years, the interest in adopting Public Private Partnership (PPP) has increased internationally. Many research outcomes have presented positive reasons for the governments and the private sector to welcome this form of long term contract arrangement, rather than continue involving in the traditional procurement methods. This paper aims to explore the attractive factors for PPP implementation in the Ethiopian road sector. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Ethiopia and survey respondents were invited to rate their perceptions on the importance of seventeen different attractive factors identified. The results show that the five important attractive factors for pursuing PPP in the Ethiopian road sector were: ‘solve the problem of public sector budget restraint’, ‘facilitate creative and innovative approaches’, ‘save time in delivering the project’, ‘improve maintainability’ and ‘enhance government integrated solution capacity’. The research outputs contribute to the limited knowledge on PPP practices in Ethiopia by providing empirical evidence on the conditions that are attractive to the introduction of PPP in the road sector. Keywords: Ethiopia, Procurement, Public sector, Private sector, Partnerships, Road infrastructure, Attractive factors DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-19-07 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Preferred risk allocation in Egypt’s water sector PPPs

As Egypt suffers from water scarcity and limited public funds, increasing investments in unconventional water supply projects through the public-private partnership (PPP) scheme is considered a necessity. Meanwhile, risk allocation is considered critical to the implementation and success of PPPs. This paper captures, presents and discusses the risk allocation preferences for domestic wastewater treatment and Seawater Desalination PPPs in Egypt. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with experienced practitioners and a preferred risk allocation scheme was developed using the ‘majority opinion’ approach. Results were compared to similar findings in China; a mature water sector PPP market. The research findings enable developing an efficient risk allocation framework for water sector PPPs in Egypt in the early stages of project development. The comparative study enables foreign investors to adjust their investment strategies by considering the similarities and differences in Egypt and China.

Dynamics in Implementation of Public Private Partnerships

Governments all over the world play a crucial role in the development of infrastructure and the provision of basic services to the citizens. With increasing population, urbanization, other developmental needs, the governments' ability to address public needs through traditional means is severely constrained. Due to this, new approaches and forms are being sought after and one such is through contractual agreements with the private sector commonly referred to as a public-private partnership (PPP). A PPP is a contractual agreement involving the private sector in the delivery of public services. PPP formations are effected by government support, economic uncertainties, market readiness, and organizational factors. Adopting a mixed methods approach, the primary data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data from published reports and documents the objective was to explore the dynamics in the implementation of PPP agreements with focus on Namibia and enhance the knowledge to enable the government and private entities in dealing well with these factors.

Государственно-частное партнерство как механизм привлечения инфраструктурных инвестиций: проблемы внедрения и снижение рисков

The article discusses the problem of attracting infrastructure investments which is acute for every region of Russia. According to the authors of the article, the state participation is not enough to implement major infrastructure projects. It is necessary to attract significant financial resources and to ensure the implementation of relevant national projects. The article reveals the mechanism for attracting infrastructure investments used throughout the world, namely, the public-private partnership (PPP). The authors analyze the constraints on the implementation of PPP in national projects, the construction of roads. Some mechanisms for reducing PPP risks are offered.

Implementation of public-private partnership in creation of agricultural enterprises: legal experience of French Republic

Implementation of public-private partnership in creation of agricultural enterprises: legal experience of French Republic

Impact-Investing in The Healthcare in Terms of the New Socially Responsible State Investment Policy

The article reveals the issue regarding the implementation of impact-investing in the health care system and its comparison with other traditional investment mechanisms. The relevance of the study is to show the destructive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on investment processes. According to the WHO and the UN, the global pandemic, unpreparedness of the Ukrainian health care system, and the lack of progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 calls into question the conclusions of the Voluntary National Review “Sustainable Development Goals Ukraine 2020”. The investment instruments against COVID-19 in 2020 are conceptualized. The private companies’ assistance in this fight is studied. The study defines that most assistance is charitable rather than investing. Given the systematic and integrated practices of socially responsible business support for the health sector in SER companies’ strategy or the implementation of public-private partnerships in this area, such support could be transformed into mutually beneficial investment projects and after overcoming the pandemic impact. The authors prove that impact-investing is a useful tool for building and restoring the economy through a new socially responsible state investment policy. The current state of public investment project implementation in the health care field is assessed. According to the results, it is necessary to improve transparency, investment monitoring of projects and executive discipline in their implementation. Lack of generally accepted standards of transparency, measurement and impact management, along with an unformed system of benchmarks minimizing reputational risks and reducing transaction costs in the market of impact-investing and responsible investment in general (considering data from surveys of the Global Network on impact-investing) are fundamental limitations which hinder its development, in particular in Ukraine. Recommendations are given to develop the impact-investing in the context of new public investment policy to overcome these limitations, regarding the best practices in promoting the impact-investing policy. Keywords: Impact-investing, Investment Policy, Investors, Sustainable Development Goals, Social Responsibility, State Investment Policy.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПАРТНЕРСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН В ДОГОВАХ КОНЦЕСІЇ В УМОВАХ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The practicalimplementation of the partnership will allow to resolve issues related to the support of public-private partnership (PPP), creating conditions for its development, attracting and effective use of investments, forming a positive investment image of Ukraineand accelerating integration into the world economic system. At the same time, the nature of the partnership determines the emergence of many specific tasks, the emergence of new forms of interaction and new mechanisms of state regulation of partnerships,among which the concession becomes increasingly important.The question of the essence of the partnership between business and government is an important part of research, which is mostly disclosed by public-private partnership, mechanisms for its implementation, forms and types of implementation, in particular the feasibility of concession relations.The issues of partnership between private business and state institutions are revealed in the works of a large number of modern researchers. In particular, the essence and purpose of partnership, features of public-private partnership are identified in the works of Pavlyuk K., Varnavsky V., Klimenko A. The main motives and reasons for accelerating cooperation between government and business given the limited budget and the need to expand investment activities revealed in the works of Vdovenko Yu., Grishchenko S., Nadolishny P., Neykova I. and others. Effective economic development, in terms of transformation of social processes involves in-depth study of state regulation of partnerships in Ukraine in terms of generalization of experience in the implementation of public-private partnership between government and private sectors, and necessitates further development in this area. The purpose of the article is to deepen the study of the formation of organizational and economic conditions for the intensification of concession activities in the economy of Ukraine, which gives the authorities the right to solve important problems, while reducing the cost of maintaining assets.The main forms of practical implementation of the partnership and features of the concession as a form of public-private partnership by public authorities are considered. The article presents practical achievements of experience in implementing partnerships in Ukraine in the main areas of application. Proposals for improving the regulation of partnership for the development of the national economy of Ukraine have been developed.

Public-private partnerships in airports: the Turkish experience

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become a prevalent method to fund transport infrastructure around the world. PPPs have emerged in airports as an alternative to public airports and complete privatisation of airports. PPPs in airports have a history of 25 years in Turkey. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of PPP experiences in Turkish airports. With a case study design, PPPs in Turkish airports are examined in the context of policy, legal grounds, and implementations. PPPs are the main method adopted especially in the funding and operation of new airports and/or terminals in Turkey. Besides the successes, there are also areas to be improved regarding PPP design and implementation. More transparent, comprehensive, and structured contract terms, proper risk assignment, more accurate demand forecasting, and efforts to overcome certain public interest concerns are identified as the main requirements for future policy actions.

Historical and cultural heritage as factor of stimulation of regional economic development

The role of cultural heritage in the socio-economic development of regions and communities is shown in the paper, namely, its importance for potential development opportunities of the tourism and recreational industry. The model of using cultural heritage at the regional and local levels with the purpose of creation of tourist and recreational cluster "Nevitsky Castle" is proposed. The methodology of attracting internal investments in the form of remittances of migrant workers, budget assignments of all levels, and small business resources for the development of the territory has been elaborated. The current state and features of the territorial organization of Zakarpatska Oblast tourist potential are analyzed. Tourism is proven to be one of the most profitable sectors of the world economy, which is developing most dynamically and is among the most important factors of socio-cultural development that contribute to improving the level and quality of life of the population. That is why attention is paid to the priority of the tourism and recreational industry in the economy of the region. Specific proposals for the implementation of public-private partnership based on the example of the tourist and recreational cluster "Nevitsky Castle" are developed in such a way that everyone gets their own benefit – an investor does not need to buy the land, the state guarantees the permitting and documentary support, creates an infrastructure component, and participates in the restoration of a cultural heritage object, while a private partner invests his own money and entrepreneurial experience, effectively manages his own project, involves modern technology, creates jobs and fills the budget. The creation of appropriate conditions in the real sector of the economy for the return of migrant workers and productive use of their savings and for the implementation of the President of Ukraine initiative "Come back and stay" and the Government Program of micro and small business lending is scientifically substantiated. The systemic use of cultural heritage as an important factor for the social, economic, and cultural development of territories of different administrative levels is recommended.

State-private Partnership’s Experience in Infrastructure Development in Southeast Asian Countries

The article provides an analysis of the specifics of infrastructure development in Southeast Asia (SEA), in particular the mechanism for financing public-private partnerships (PPPs), which are supported by governments throughout the region in order to bridge the gap in infrastructure development amid limited public resources. SEA countries need investment for infrastructure development in the amount of at least $150 billion a year to maintain their economic growth, which cannot be financed exclusively from public funds or by attracting foreign capital. In the region, only Singapore and Brunei have sufficient resources to finance the development of infrastructure they need entirely from the state budget. The focus is on the five countries in the region that are most actively using the PPP mechanism now and plan to actively resort to it in the near future: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The infrastructure system of these countries is considered, as well as factors that affect the effectiveness of PPP in region - both positive and negative. It is noted that PPPs in Southeast Asia are faced with all sorts of problems, primarily with inefficient state regulation and the institutional conditions for their implementation in PPP projects. For the active implementation of PPP in Southeast Asia, it seems appropriate to focus on the proposal of a small number of carefully prepared PPP projects that may have the necessary demonstration effect. In addition, it seems to us, the powers of national and local government departments dealing with PPPs should be widened.

MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIAN REGIONS ON THE BASIS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Building a modern, sustainable and reliable infrastructure is crucial to meet the growing needs of people in Russian regions. Investment in infrastructure increases economic growth temps, opens up new economic opportunities and facilitates investment in human capital. Сurrently, the population of the Russian regions is experiencing infrastructure deficit, as evidenced by congested roads, poorly maintained recreational areas, deteriorating social infrastructure assets: schools, hospitals, that are either missing or in urgent need of repair. In this regard, the state bears huge costs in parallel with the reduction of productivity and competitiveness of the regions and observing a lower standard of living. The regional authorities are not able to finance the needs of regional infrastructure, some regions have infrastructure created many years ago, that needs modernization, it is necessary to find funding for «greenfield projects – infrastructure projects implemented in undeveloped «green» areas». The decision of the regional authorities on the implementation of public-private partnership should be based on determining the benefits, which this approach will bring to the public: lower costs, high level of service or reduced risk. The conclusion, that the provision of regions with infrastructure facilities is due to the satisfaction of social needs of citizens, economic well-being and a decent standard of living of the population, – has been substantiated.

Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Development of Hospital Service from the Viewpoint of Public and Non-Public Managers in Shiraz

Introduction: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been constructively considered in recent years to reform health sectors in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of Shiraz hospital managers on the implementation of public-private partnership model in providing hospital services. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Shiraz in 2016. Hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, private hospitals, charities and investors in the health sector were considered as the research population, that 56 people were selected as research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed applying descriptive and analytical tests such as t-test in SPSS21. Results: Of the 56 samples surveyed, 36 (64%) were from the public sector and 20 (36%) were from the non-public sector. Among the 6 areas considered for PPP implementation, capacity building areas (2.53± 0.53) and socio-cultural (2.58± 0.40) have the highest score and policy area than other areas (2.18 ± 0.48) had the lowest score. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of the participants in the public and non-public sectors, none of the six effective factors in implementing the PPP model in the development of hospital services in Shiraz is not favorable. Authorities and policymakers should increase the level of readiness of hospitals to implement this template by providing an appropriate platform for nongovernmental participation.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE FUNCTION OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF SCHOOL SPORTS FACILITIES

The aim of the paper is to indicate that for the sustainable development of school sports infrastructure it is necessary to create conditions that should be clearly defined in the mutual rights and obligations of all participants in the process of construction, use and maintenance. This would be achieved through public-private partnerships between the state and the private sector. This paper is based on the experiences of some of the European Union countries, which have solved the problems of building, upgrading, equipping and maintaining school sports facilities through public-private partnership projects, on the legal regulations contained in the Green Paper on Public-Private Partnership, as well as the Law on Public-Private Partnership and Concessions in the Republic of Serbia. Certainly, the desire to improve the quality of educational services, from one side, and lack of money in the budgets of central and local governments, on the other side, imposes the need to research this type of business cooperation and project financing. This paper also points to the need for more detailed research into the possibilities of applying public-private partnership, through projects in the field of education and its effects on increasing the quality of the physical education teaching. The paper also reviews the complexity of the implementation of public-private partnership in traditional educational frameworks, due to the complexity of the relationship between the two partners who impose different interests.