Public-private Partnership In Ukraine Research Articles

ФІНАНСИ ПУБЛІЧНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ НАПРЯМ ПОБУДОВИ «ЗЕЛЕНОЇ» ЕКОНОМІКИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article substantiates the need to use the possibilities of public-private partnership for the “green” development of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the use of “green” investments in the implementation of public-private partnership projects at all levels of management. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are set: to find out the structure of “green” investments and their role in the implementation of public-private partnership projects in wartime; explore the types, forms and subjects of public-private partnership in modern conditions; analyze possible risks of international “green” investment in public-private partnership projects in Ukraine during the reconstruction period; identify the existing problems in the use of such forms of public-private partnership in Ukraine as rent and concession for the development of the “green” economy and possible ways to solve them, taking into account the experience of the EU countries.
 In today’s conditions in Ukraine, local self-government bodies, as well as their associations, began to play an increasing role in the process of building a ‘’green’’ economy. In addition, some democratic countries, which are leaders in the use of “green” investments in the EU, began to help actively Ukraine financially. Analyses of the experience of their use of public-private partnership projects will allow our country to achieve quickly the standards of the Green European Course, since Ukraine has received the status of a candidate for joining the European Union.
 The expansion of the subjects of public-private partnership requires the creation of the proper conditions for them by the state, which will enable Ukraine to increase significantly “green’’ investments for the reconstruction of the country. Therefore, it is important to study the experience of stimulating the EU countries “green” projects of public-private partnership in various spheres of the economy, use the best of it in Ukraine.

Analysis of the Advancement of Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine

Introduction. The significant amount of destruction caused by the war in Ukraine necessitates the involvement of all forms of financial and organizational support for the country's reconstruction process. A tried-and-tested method of attracting resources to this process is a public-private partnership. The intensification of public-private partnerships aims to meet the basic needs of the population during martial law before creating the necessary conditions for economic recovery after the war. Since the war led to the stagnation of the specified process, the obstacles and peculiarities of public-private partnerships in this period need to be researched.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of martial law conditions on the activation of public-private partnerships to reveal its role in the recovery of the country's economy based on the analysis of available data to identify trends and significant results that can shed light on the activation of the public-private partnership process. This determines the following tasks: to investigate obstacles to the activation of public-private partnership from 2021 to this time, and to establish peculiarities, urgent directions, and prerequisites for implementing projects, measures, methods, and forms of public-private partnership in the specified period.
 Results. The analysis showed that, in recent years, the contractual discipline of partnership projects has significantly deteriorated, and the range of directions for their implementation has narrowed and does not correspond to the priorities specified in the legislation. Thus, in 2021, only 16% of agreements were realized, 16.6% were terminated, and 61.6% still needed to be implemented. Directions for their implementation are not urgent in wartime conditions. Business activity is restrained by the risks of war, incomplete compliance of the legal framework with the conditions of war, and the intensification of illegal actions against investment objects. In total, 363 court cases related to raiding were initiated in 2023, reflecting a two-fold increase compared to 2022. The identified peculiarities, directions, and prerequisites for the implementation of public-private partnerships intensify the implementation process.
 Conclusions. Measures to reduce risks and change the approaches to their distribution in partnership agreements have been proposed. It is proposed to introduce an institute of small investors, which will strengthen public control of public-private partnership projects and ensure the attraction of additional private investments in the process of rebuilding the country. This is substantiated by the fact that 61% of the surveyed citizens are ready to participate financially in the reconstruction of the country's infrastructure and 33% are ready to participate if they have a financial opportunity.

Організаційне забезпечення розвитку державно-приватного партнерства

Statement of the problem. Currently, there are many problems and unresolved issues that hinder the processes of effective implementation of projects between the state and private business. Accordingly, it can be argued that there is a need for in-depth scientific research on the functioning of public-private partnerships, which actualises the direction and topic of the research in this article. Analysis of recent research and publications. The implementation of public- private partnership is studied in the publications of such scholars as Garifullin M., Degtyarev A., Kozar Y., Komarnytska H., Kosach I., Krynychko L., Krynychko F., Petryk S., Savchenko V., Stoyka S., Stoyka V. and others. They raise the issue of the national experience of public-private partnership in the context of development of investment and innovation activities, consider certain aspects of the institution of public-private partnership, in particular, as the basis of financial and economic stability of the state, study the peculiarities of development of public-private partnership in the context of decentralisation of power in Ukraine. Identification of previously unresolved parts of the general problem. The subject of this study is to analyse the organisational support for the development of public-private partnerships and to substantiate strategic directions for improving the interaction between the state and the private sector in current conditions. Summary of the basic research material. Public-private partnership is characterised as a socio-economic category within which the state and the private sector interact to implement specific projects. The implementation of a partnership between private business and the state has the advantage that it involves state support and guarantees. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public- private partnerships in Ukraine. The article proposes strategic directions of support and development of public-private partnership in Ukraine. These include: regulatory (improvement of the legislative and regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and bringing it in line with international norms and standards); organisational (implementation of organisational measures to strengthen the State support for public-private partnerships); motivational (focus on motivational factors for involving private entities in cooperation with the State on the basis of the latest tools and methods); and innovative (use of innovative and investment tools). Conclusions. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public-private partnerships in Ukraine. Measures should be taken in line with the implementation of strategic directions aimed at developing public-private partnerships. The key area should be to improve the regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and its state support, which can ensure the interaction of private business and public authorities with the highest efficiency. It is necessary to provide sufficient motivational levers based on the latest tools and methods and to apply innovative and investment tools that can bring public-private partnership to a qualitatively new level of development

Management tools for the public-private partnership model of construction enterprises

The article explores the mechanisms and challenges of applying public-private partnership (PPP) in strategic management of construction enterprises in Ukraine. It analyzes the impact of globalization and liberalization on the effectiveness of construction firms and seeks ways to optimize PPPs to ensure their adaptation to the changing market conditions. The article emphasizes the need to harmonize PPP practices with contemporary demands of sustainable development and to define a set of criteria that take into account economic, technical, organizational, and social aspects. Five main groups of criteria are proposed, aimed at improving PPP models and assessed through a wide range of indicators, including in line with the policy of the European Union. Expert interviews have been used to determine the relevance of the criteria, allowing for an objective assessment of the importance of each one. The essence of PPP as a tool for strategic management, providing a coordinated interaction between the state and private investors in the construction sector, is provided. The current state and prospects for the development of PPPs in Ukraine are analyzed, taking into account international experience and the specifics of the national market. The defined criteria and sub-criteria for innovative development should form the basis for creating an effective management model that considers all aspects of sustainable development and facilitates the implementation of strategic initiatives. The research results highlight the importance of technical-technological and organizational development as key elements of a successful PPP model. The proposed approaches and recommendations may serve as a foundation for improving the management of construction enterprises, including through the introduction of innovative technologies and management methods

The experience of France regarding legal regulation of public-private partnership as a basis for the improvement of ukrainian legislation

The article is devoted to the study of the existing problem of institutional functioning of public-private partnership in Ukraine, the absence of PPP mechanisms with quasi-private entities, such as mixed economy communities (SEM) or quasi-public enterprises (SAEMES), and the absence of a single body in the field of PPP.To confirm the existence of problems in the field of low popularity of the PPP mechanism, the author provides statistics on the annual implementation of projects in Ukraine and other countries, such as Great Britain and France. Citing these figures, the author mentions the problem of the uncertainty of the Ukrainian approach to following the experience of the Anglo-Saxon or Romano-Germanic legal system.In addition, the article emphasizes the absence of a regulated mechanism for providing PPP projects with government guarantees and the absence of the possibility of reimbursing the private partner’s investments when the contract is changed at the initiative of the state partner.The author proposes to apply the experience of France and implement the mechanisms of public-private partnership with quasi-public enterprises, using the example of infrastructure development in Paris to establish a parking system. The author also draws on the experience in Cannes, where PPPs with quasi-public entities were used to improve the work of the museum.At the same time, it is emphasized that it is worth taking into account the lessons learned by France when implementing PPPs with quasi-public entities, such as the need to strengthen personnel specializing in contractual PPP obligations, the need to define a new model of approach to payments to a private partner - namely, regular provision of payments and subsidies to the private partner.The lack of government guarantees to ensure wider implementation of projects in the field of public-private partnership is also proposed to be resolved by adopting additional by-laws. The author paid special attention to the existence of a service body in the field of PPP in France - MAPPP. The author emphasizes that despite the fact that this body has numerous functions in France, in Ukraine such a body could become the only «service» PPP body.

Фінансово-організаційні проблеми розвитку державно-приватного партнерства

Introduction. The nature and methods of state participation in economic processes are constantly changing. One of the new forms and tools of influence, alternative to direct regulation of the economy, is a system of partnership relations between the state and the private sector - public-private partnership (PPP). Problem Statement. An important direction of the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy is the intensification of the development of interaction between the public and private sectors. Due to the need for additional financing, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of attracting private investments and using PPPs to accelerate the restoration of destroyed objects and the construction of new ones. For this, it is necessary to study the experience of foreign countries, both positive and negative, in the implementation of PPP, taking into account various approaches to assessing its features and essence in general. Purpose. To generalize the foreign experience of interaction between the state and the private sector in the context of analyzing a wide range of its characteristics and providing suggestions on ways to develop PPPs in Ukraine. Methods. General scientific methods are applied: induction, deduction, comparative analysis, generalization. Results. The interpretation of the PPP by well-known foreign and domestic scientists, as well as international financial organizations, is considered. The role of PPP in socio-economic development and its main principles are analyzed. The negative trends of the interaction between the state and the private sector are highlighted, which, in particular, is evidenced by the experience of Germany. In particular, such important principles of PPP as transparency and control, full disclosure of information contained in documents on the preparation, course of implementation and implementation of PPP results are not fully ensured. Conclusions. It is necessary to rethink the role, place, interaction of the state and the private sector of the PPP in the socio-economic development of society, both in foreign countries and in Ukraine. In the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction, the following issues need to be resolved: the use of PPPs for the development of communal infrastructure, improving the quality of services for the population and increasing the efficiency of the use of communal assets; overcoming the budget funding deficit and legislative restrictions on attracting municipal loans at the expense of private capital through the PPP mechanism; expansion of the independence of territorial communities from subsidies and subventions from the state budget in the post-war period with the help of PPPs.

The influence of public-private partnership on strengthening the financial security of business entities

Introduction. The uncertainty of clear prospects for the post-war recovery of the domestic economy creates significant obstacles in the formation of a reliable financial base for the development of the state and business entities. Such conditions actualize the development of new forms and methods of accumulating financial resources, in particular in terms of involving the state in the processes of restoring the full-fledged activity of a significant number of partially destroyed and damaged large enterprises, as well as supporting the development of medium and small business entities, with the aim of strengthening their financial security . One of the forms of state participation in providing business entities with financial resources on mutually beneficial terms is a public-private partnership. A public- private partnership is a collaboration between business and government officials for the implementation of a specific project. The business entity as a private partner implements it and receives a monetary reward, and the state receives the corresponding infrastructure object.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological principles and practical approaches to using the opportunities of public-private partnership at a qualitatively new level, to identify the main directions of the development of such a partnership to strengthen the financial security of business entities in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine’s economy.Methods. To achieve the goal defined in the research, general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (for the formation of theoretical foundations of public-private partnership); functional and statistical analysis, systematization, measurement, modeling (to assess the possibilities of applying public- private partnership); generalization, optimization, argumentation, (for the development of directions for increasing the efficiency of public-private partnership in order to strengthen the financial security of economic entities).Conclusions. A theoretical approach to uncovering the essence of public-private partnership has been developed, and an algorithm for its implementation is provided. The practice of using public-private partnership in Ukraine has been analyzed, problems have been identified, among which the most important is the need to reform the current legislation in order to simplify the procedure for involving business entities to participate in public-private partnership projects, and approaches to their solution have been proposed.Discussion. Prospects for further research are the need to solve the problems of effective use of modern forms of public-private partnership in the context of ensuring both the economic security of the state and the financial security of economic entities.

FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

Goal. The article is devoted to the generalization of the peculiarities of the functioning of public-private partnership in Ukraine and some foreign countries and the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the postwar reconstruction of Ukraine. Method. Taking into account the specifics of the study, a systematic approach and a method of comparative analysis were used, an assessment of the losses of Ukraine's economy caused by Russian military aggression was presented, and the structure of this mechanism was formed. Results. The pragmatics of the functioning of this financial mechanism in Ukraine and in some foreign countries is analyzed by comparing features and differences. The significant amounts of funding for public-private partnership projects in foreign countries and in Ukraine were emphasized and it was determined that structural grants and grants of the Cohesion Fund were the main source of funding for projects in EU countries. It is also a well-established practice in foreign countries to finance long-term large-scale projects. The importance of coordinators of public-private partnership processes in Ukraine, in particular, line ministries, analytical agencies and public organizations that promote the implementation of quality projects in Ukraine in various fields. Scientific novelty. Using a systematic approach, based on the work of domestic scientists and taking into account the specifics of Ukraine's economy in martial law, a diagram of the structure of the financial mechanism of PPP in the postwar reconstruction of Ukraine. Practical significance. The proposed structure of this financial mechanism should be used in the formation of national, regional and local, in particular at the level of the territorial community economic recovery programs. Promising objects of PPP at the level of territorial communities can be both economic and social projects, given the level of destruction of housing and other social infrastructure. Among the economic ones, the construction of food establishments, small enterprises for processing crop and livestock products, production of household items is relevant, and among the social ones - housing projects, park areas and recreational facilities; objects of historical and architectural heritage; provision of social services, management of a social institution, institution, etc.

Public-private partnership in the security sector of Ukraine: basic principles and forms

Nowadays, the issue of implementing Public-Private Partnership in different spheres of community life become extremely actual. In the article the essence of the concept Public-Private Partnership is described on the basis of analysis of scientific literature and legislation of Ukraine. Also, the core principles of Public-Private Partnership are justified. Another topic which has been explored is forms of realization of Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine and their legislative consolidation. Furthermore, authors propose to expand spheres of realization of Public-Private Partnership by implementing this institution in security and defense sector.

ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The article considers the approaches of foreign and Ukrainian scholars to defining the content of public-private partnership. The main directions of influence of public-private partnership on the development of the national economy are highlighted. The role of the State in ensuring reliable functioning of infrastructure facilities is substantiated. The directions of using the forms of public-private partnership in foreign countries are revealed. It is substantiated that in the face of significant restrictions, the state has a leading role in the restoration of the national economy. It is established that public-private partnership is one of the main forms of socio-economic cooperation in the format of interaction between the state and private capital, which brings Ukraine closer to international standards, promotes the formation of social orientation of the economy and responsible governance in the context of ensuring sustainable development of the country. The foreign experience of implementing public-private partnership projects is systematized. Based on the study of foreign experience, the untapped potential of public-private partnership in Ukraine is identified. The main potential reasons for the unsuccessful implementation of projects based on the principles of public-private partnership are identified. The manifestations of problematic aspects of interaction between the state and private capital are outlined It is established that when considering projects, governmental institutions should analyze potential measures designed to contribute to the most effective achievement of the defined goals in the process of implementing public-private partnerships. It is found that the implementation of many programs can be carried out only if the efforts of public institutions are combined with the potential and capabilities of private capital entities. The author proposes directions for intensifying the development of public-private partnership.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the role of public-private partnership in ensuring the infra-structural recovery of the country's economy. The presence of the leading role of the appropriate finan-cial mechanism in the process of practical implementation of public-private partnership among the pos-sible areas of its application is substantiated. It was emphasized that the economy of the country during the military aggression has a significant need to ensure infrastructure restoration, stabilization of the processes of economic and social development, the provision of which requires significant amounts of financial resources. Based on the generalization of existing approaches to the interpretation of the es-sence of the "financial mechanism" category, the author's interpretation of the "financial mechanism of public-private partnership" category is proposed as a system of building financial relations between state authorities and private partners regarding the formation, distribution and use of financial re-sources aimed at the implementation of joint interests in relevant projects, ensuring the formation of conditions for effective functioning of the national economy.The specified author's approach made it possible to single out the leading role of the financial mechanism of the public-private partnership in ensuring the effective functioning of the national econ-omy. An author's approach to the construction of a financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine with a specification of proactive direction for a long-termperiod is pro-posed.It is substantiated that in order to properly function the financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership in the country, it is extremely necessary to ensure at the legislative level a guarantee to its participants of clear compliance with the terms of existing and future agreements of this cooperation, the establishment of additional state guarantees for projects aimed at restoring critical infrastructure. It is noted that the authorities should ensure the provision of full support at all stages of project implementation, the formation of a system of measures aimed at compliance with the terms of the existing public-private partnership agreement by all its participants. The key consequences of the introduction of the financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership are deter-mined.

Strategies for financing infrastructure projects in the sphere of public-private partnership

Purpose. Coverage and systematization of the main approaches to the development of strategies for financing infrastructure projects in the field of public-private partnership, in particular, in the construction sector of Ukraines economy. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article are scientific publications, regulations of Ukraine, analytical reports of world financial institutions, Internet resources. The research used a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and logical generalization. Findings. The most acceptable models of financing infrastructure projects and creating conditions for attracting private capital on the basis of public-private partnership in Ukraine are identified. Originality. The work analyzes the classification of projects according to the type of source of cost financing, summarizes the experience in building contract models for their financing, explores the most common tools for financing infrastructure projects, identifies the provisions on which project financing is based, and finds out what underlies it. Practical value. The results of the study can be useful for public authorities, which should encourage private partners to participate in long-term projects. The research may be of interest to businesses that are potential investors in public-private partnership projects.

Mainways of public-private partnership development in agro-industrial production and rural areas of Ukraine

Majority of social and economic problems of Ukraine’s agrarian sphere can not be solved without formation of partner relationships and constructive dialogue between the state and private business. The formation of partner relationship models opens up new possibilities and provides certain advantages for participators’ agreement. The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of implementation of public-private partnership projects and determine the main ways for PPP development in Ukraine. In the article reveals the historical aspect of public-private partnership (PPP) development between the state and private participator in different countries of the world. The current state of development, the features of the constructive interaction between state bodies and business in solving of long-term socially important tasks of social and economic development are analyzed. The expediency of developing partnership between state and business is grounded. The main factors of negative influence on the effectiveness of PPP projects implementation in agrarian sphere are identifed . The main models of private business participation in the accomplishment of investment projects in agro-industrial production are considered and their main features are determined. It is proven that implementation of PPP projects promotes the effective management of state and municipal property objects and the creation of conditions for use of new technologies and innovation, etc. The high efciency of PPP mechanism as a form of interaction between state and business has been proven by the experience of many countries around the world. Thus, public-private partnership needs to be developed in our country to solve signifcant social and economic problems through combining the resources of public and private sectors. To do this, it is necessary to overcome a number of legislative, political, economic and institutional barriers that hinder the PPP development. The study generalizes the world practice of using of the PPP mechanism in agriculture and determines the main priority directions of PPP project implementation in agro-industrial production and rural areas of Ukraine. These include: construction, maintenance and management of wholesale markets of agricultural production; development of infrastructure of agrarian market; development of production infrastructure, agricultural waste processing; irrigation systems construction, operation and management; construction, exploitation and management of social infrastructure objects in rural areas. The study reveals that PPP in Ukraine develops very slowly, the level of PPP project accomplishment is low, the number of implemented projects is minimal and its effectiveness is low because of legal and economic obstacles for doing business. The problem is not so much the low number number of concluded agreement between the state and the private partner, but rather the effectiveness and efciency of their implementation. Key words: public-private partnership, agrarian sector, PPP projects, forms of PPP, state, private partner, innovation development, agreement.

Versatility of Interaction between Private and Public Sectors of Economy as a Result of Balanced Partnership Policy

The scientific article focuses on characteristics of public and private sectors of the economy in the context of considering their mutually beneficial long-term cooperation, as well as systematized approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «public-private partnership» (PPP). The works of foreign scientists in the field of researching the peculiarities of this form of partnership in the process of its evolutionary development are analysed, the experience of their implementation in different countries is presented, and the possibilities of implementing advanced scientific developments in modernization of economy and society in Ukraine are considered. The modern normative-legal support of the public-private partnership regulation is considered. The author argues that public-private partnership is a priority of government development programs which encourages strong and effective cooperation between government agencies and private business. Balance of interests between the studied sectors is a key factor in the success of public-private partnership in Ukraine, as the application of positive experience in PPP projects allows public and local authorities to address a number of important socio-economic issues. In the context of the formation of political, economic, legal and social attitude of public authorities to achieve partnership in the implementation of socio-economic development programs or investment projects, the researches of the diversity of public and private sectors, features of legal support of this interaction and identification of problems for its further development are extremely important. During the thematic research, the main relaxing (inhibitory) factors influencing the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine were identified, as well as key recommendations for improving the efficiency of public and private sectors of the economy. It is argued that the successful implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine is possible only with mutual consideration of interests of the state and the private sector through trustful and transparent relationship between business and the state.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НАПРЯМІВ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНИМ ПАРТНЕРСТВОМ У ЛОГІСТИЧНОМУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ СИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

  World experience proves that in the conditions of the post-crisis recovery of the state in general, and the national economy in particular, the introduction of such a promising mechanism of cooperation between state authorities, local self-government bodies, business and civil society as a public-private partnership will contribute to the fulfillment of the tasks of logistical support of the security forces of the sector security and defense. The purpose of the article is to study the legal foundations of public-private partnership management in the logistical support of the security forces, as well as strategic directions of their development for the formation of ways to improve the management mechanisms of the public-private partnership in the logistical support of the security forces of Ukraine. The analysis of normative legal sources, scientific research and practice of implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine confirms that this sphere is in its infancy. At the same time, issues of substantiating directions for improving the development of public-private partnership in the field of ensuring national security in general, and in the logistical support of the security forces of Ukraine in particular, are left out of consideration. The presence of various forms of contractual relations within the framework of public-private partnership complicates the formation of a unified approach to the development of a mechanism for the development of public-private partnership. In order to solve this problematic issue, the State Government developed the Concept of the Development of Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine for 2013-2018. However, the implementation of the concept did not provide the expected results. Therefore, the issue of developing conceptual foundations for the development of public-private partnership is still timely. It is appropriate to develop not conceptual legal acts, but strategic ones. The basis of the concept of the strategy for the development of public-private partnership management mechanisms in the logistical support of the security forces of Ukraine is the development of approaches to the assessment and forecasting of risks in the sphere of the functioning of public-private relations. The structure of developing a suitable strategy can be four component strategies: informational and analytical; analytical and diagnostic part; conceptual and indicative part; predictive part.  The directions of further scientific research will be aimed at the development of mechanisms for managing public-private partnerships in the logistical support of the security forces of Ukraine.

«Комбіновані» моделі публічно-приватного партнерства для відбудови України

The article provides an analytical review of "combined" projects based on public-private partnership and grant funding from the European Union. Projects combining public-private partnership with EU funds are subject to both PPP rules and principles for European funds. In Ukraine, where access to funding sources is extremely limited, it is the grant support of international organizations and partner countries that is crucial for financing various projects related to the reconstruction and restoration of Ukraine. Institutional support for the development of public-private partnership by international organizations is considered. Schemes of combining EU grant funding and private investment based on PPPs are presented. "Combined" models of combining EU grant funding and private funding based on public-private partnership in Ukraine are proposed, which will contribute to the restoration of infrastructure destroyed during the war, investment attraction, creation of new jobs, etc.

Corporate Responsibility in the Environmental Protection as an Element of Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine

Individual and corporate responsibility is the basis for sustainable development of society and the world. Environmental responsibility of business entities is a prerequisite for the survival of people, which is why it is an important aspect of corporate responsibility. The purpose of the paper is to determine the content of corporate and social responsibility of business entities in the field of environmental protection in terms of its interaction with the state on the basis of public-private partnership. The general scientific method of comparison made it possible to compare the Ukrainian legislative base on environmental protection with the legal framework of regulation and practice in foreign countries. Through the structural and functional analysis, it was possible to consider the features of the interaction between the state and business structures and between other institutions the activities of which are related to environmental protection. The analysis revealed the necessity to consider and include elements of environmental and social responsibility of business in the mechanisms of public-private partnership. The study shows that public-private partnership is an imperative element in the composition of social responsibility. The author proposes a definition of environmental responsibility that encompasses three factors: legal, economic and social. In the future, this research area will be of interest as a comparison of the legislative support of the types of responsibility for foreign and international standards in the context of implementing the relevant standards in the Ukrainian legislative framework and their implementation on practice.

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The article analyzes the foreign experience of public-private partnership projects. The most common forms of PPP in the world are considered, the main factors influencing the development of PPP projects in the road industry are identified. The principles of public-private partnership are described. Examples of the first pilot projects of public-private partnership in the field of road management are given. Deficiencies in the competitive mechanisms of public-private partnership in Ukraine have been identified. The main tasks and conclusions about the further prospects of the industry development are outlined, taking as a basis the perspective of the development of the mechanism of public-private partnership. Although the public sector is key to the development of the road sector, the role of private sector enterprises is growing rapidly through the reform and development of public-private partnerships. The private sector has the potential to participate in the life cycle of projects, be it the construction, operation, financing or maintenance of roads. Public-private partnerships on the roads are common practice in many European countries. Based on the world experience of effective implementation of the mechanism of interaction between the state, private business and public interests, the government has developed the first program of public-private partnership in the field of road management. It is through the development of this area of cooperation that you can quickly implement and achieve your goals. After all, the implementation of public-private partnership projects helps to restore the successful functioning of the national economy in unstable market conditions. Namely, through the attraction of private investment, without significant involvement of public funds. As a result of such cooperation, private business will receive significant government support by reducing risks and increasing the attractiveness of investment projects.

Implementation of Public-Private Partnership Models in the Field of Ecological Modernization of the Environmental Safety System

The article considers various forms of public-private partnership, which allow extensive use of private capital in solving many problems not only in the production of public goods and public services, production of natural monopolies, but also in providing natural and man-made and environmental security. It is determined that for the Ukrainian practice it is important to apply the best foreign experience in the implementation of innovative projects on the basis of public-private partnership (PPP). Positive foreign experience highlights the use of PPP in Ukraine as an alternative mechanism for financing innovative projects to implement and accelerate modernization transformations in the national economy. It is established that the implementation of PPP in Ukraine requires the formation of certain institutional conditions: definition of requirements to be met by operators wishing to enter the relevant industries, in particular: evidence of its financial security, evidence of its ability to operate; introduction of the project form of realization of the planned plans; substantiation of local self-government bodies for choosing the form of involvement of the private sector; introduction of an effective system of control by local governments over the performance of current functions and investment obligations by private operators; development of requirements for the reporting system of a private operator; involvement in decision-making on the transfer of infrastructure to the private sector, as well as determining the frequency and types of public control; development and implementation of a mechanism for determining the liability of private sector representatives for causing damage to the property of territorial communities by their actions or inaction and, conversely, determining a mutually acceptable mechanism for return of invested funds, etc. The PPP mechanism forms the basis for the joint responsibility of the state, community and business for the development of sectors that have priority for the regional economy, environmental protection, development of territorial communities.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНИМ ПАРТНЕРСТВОМ У СФЕРІ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

It is established that in the context of the development of logistics of security forces, the experience of countries with market economies proves the relevance of the introduction of public-private partnership. Thus, at the present stage of development of a democratic Ukrainian society, the issue of public-private partnership management comes to the fore. A special place in the system of comprehensive support of the security forces of Ukraine is occupied by logistics. An adequate level of logistical support of the security forces in the event of crisis situations that threaten national security is the key to effective performance of assigned tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical tasks of public-private partnership management, as well as to substantiate the directions of this activity in the logistics of security forces of Ukraine. It is proved that today clear norms and rules of organization of public-private partnership in Ukraine have been established. However, the list of areas for public-private partnerships is too narrow. The legislator reserves the right to the public partner to apply public-private partnership in other areas of activity that provide socially significant services, except for economic activities that are allowed by law only to state enterprises, institutions and organizations. At the same time, public-private partnership is applied taking into account the peculiarities of the legal regime for certain objects and certain activities established by law. Therefore, the decision-making process on the application of public-private partnership mechanisms in the field of state security is too complecated and not devoid of corruption. Analysis of legal sources, research and practice of public-private partnership in Ukraine shows that this area is in its infancy. Currently, public-private partnerships are developed mainly in the public (municipal) sector, namely in housing and communal services, transport and medicine. At the same time, issues of development in the field of state security remain out of consideration. In this regard, we add that the implementation of effective mechanisms for responding to crises that threaten national security is impossible without modern logistics of security forces, including a set of measures for timely and complete recovery, receipt and stockpiling, provision of parts and units, accounting, maintaining and maintaining them in a state that ensures their timely readiness to use the tasks for their intended purpose. It is established that the public-private partnership in the field of logistics is currently in its infancy, and this area of ​​research has significant prospects. Therefore, the directions of further scientific research will be aimed at studying the current state of functioning of public-private partnership management mechanisms in the logistics of security forces of Ukraine and the EU and NATO countries.