Evaluation Of Public Policies Research Articles

Accessibility and satisfaction of the elderly living in rural areas in relation to the health services.

This study aimed to learn about the conditions of access to health services that seniors living in rural areas have, as well as their satisfaction. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research conducted in a municipality located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It included 19 elderly individuals registered in three Basic Health Units organized in the form of Family Health Strategy. Data were collected between July and August 2018 through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed based on Minayo's operational proposal. Afterwards, two categories were defined: "Access to health services used by elderly residents of rural areas" and "Satisfaction with health services used by elderly residents of rural areas". Concerning access, many are the difficulties faced, such as long distances to be traveled until arriving at a health service, poor road conditions, limitations related to public transport days, timetables and itineraries, lack of human and material resources, and long waiting time to make appointments with specialists and schedule exams through the Brazilian Unified Health System. As for satisfaction, the main complaint of the elderly participants refers to issues involving, above all, health management and work process, such as delay in making health care appointments, although most participants reported being satisfied with the care provided by health professionals. It is worth noting that learning about the conditions of access to health services used by elderly people living in rural areas and their satisfaction contributes to the planning, implementation, development and evaluation of public health actions, programs and policies.

El impacto de la política laboral y la guerra contra el narcotráfico en la familia: el malestar psicológico infantil en México

espanolEste articulo tiene como objetivo correlacionar el analisis de las politicas laborales y de seguridad implementadas de 2006 a 2018 en Mexico con su impacto en las familias, en particular en la crianza de los hijos y sus efectos sobre los sintomas psicologicos. Se revisan brevemente la definicion, los fines y modelos de una politica publica. Se propone una teoria social de las emociones para establecer el vinculo entre la dimension estructural y el malestar psicologico. El metodo se guia por la investigacion cualitativaa traves de un estudio de caso. Se concluye con cinco recomendaciones que podrian fortalecer el diseno, el establecimiento y la evaluacion de dichas politicas publicas. El enfoque de este estudio critico es sistemico. EnglishThis article aims to correlate the analysis implemented safety of labor policies from 2006 to 2018 in Mexico and their impact on families, in particular in parenting and its effects on psychological symptoms in childhood. The nature, purpose and models of a public policy is briefly reviewed. A social theory of emotions is proposed to establish the link between the structural dimension and psychological distress. The method is guided by qualitative research through a case study. It concludes with five recommendations that could strengthen the design, establishment and evaluation of public policies. The focus of this critical study is systemic.

A cooperação firmada por autoridades policiais e a inovação social para a solução de conflitos fronteiriços

O interesse da pesquisa teórica bibliográfica delimita-se no estudo de acordos de cooperação firmados por autoridades policiais em países integrantes do MERCOSUL, quanto ao uso da inovação social em medidas de segurança pública na solução de conflito nas fronteiras, tomando como parâmetro o caso do assalto à corretora de valores Prosegur do Paraguai, no ano de 2017. Foi verificado que a cooperação entre entidades policiais serviu como um importante auxílio no combate ao crime organizado e na maior agilidade do controle transfronteiriço. Além disso, constatou-se que a inovação na área pode ser realizada com êxito nos serviços públicos já consolidados, não apenas na criação de novos modelos como também na implementação e avaliação permanente e articulada de políticas públicas nacionais e acordos internacionais. Tais constatações evidenciam o quanto o serviço público ainda pode ser ampliado, preenchendo lacunas e melhorando a segurança à população, como direito fundamental e universal.

Transitions

I am writing this introduction in Manila, the Philippines—a country that has imposed one of the longest and strictest lockdowns in the world. COVID-19 has drastically affected my country in so many ways and this pandemic is the most difficult “stress-test” for governments in Asia and around the world. Scholars and policymakers are faced with the challenges of the multiple transitions to a post-pandemic world that will hopefully survive and thrive. A transition is also happening within Asian Politics & Policy. This is my maiden issue as the journal’s new Editor-in-Chief. I assume this position as an academic with two decades of experience as a comparative political scientist focusing on topics such as democratization, civil-military relations, electoral politics, strategic studies, and foreign policy. Having been with APP for the past 6 years as Senior Editor, it is a distinct honor and privilege to take over a journal that was well-maintained by its past editor, Professor Aileen Baviera. Under her stewardship, the journal acquired a credible and excellent reputation of publishing cutting-edge scholarship from “Asianists” around the world. What I observed is APP’s distinct orientation of providing space for the research outputs of the next generation of Asian scholars. I believe this was Professor Baviera’s personal vision for a journal she led for almost a decade. Her vision is my vision as well. In the next few issues, I plan to introduce new members to the APP Editorial Team. There will also be a new and more diverse Advisory Board for the journal that comprises established scholars as well as the most prolific and dynamic young academics in the field of political science, international relations, and policy studies from all around the world. They will guide the journal in maintaining the highest standards of academic publishing but also ensure that it contains research informed by the latest theoretical approaches, methodological innovations, and policy debates. I also plan to enhance the Praxis: Review of Policy Practice section of the journal to become an outlet for more policy-oriented research. Given that they will undergo a similar rigorous review process as original research articles, manuscripts published in Praxis will be given proper recognition as refereed publications but more focused on the evaluation, formulation, and examination of public policies in Asia. I am also launching a special series within Praxis, entitled: “Covid-19: Policy Responses from Asia.” This will feature policy-oriented papers that deal with how governments, markets, and societies in Asia have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. To launch this series, Wei-ting Yen’s brilliant essay on Taiwan’s early effective management of the pandemic can hopefully stir debate and perhaps provide policy guidance to other countries in Asia and elsewhere. For this issue, APP has a varied array of research articles dealing on themes such as soft power, alliances, labor migration, ethnic politics, and anti-corruption reforms. China figures prominently in three of the six articles. Carminati examines how Thailand navigates the soft power projection of China compared to Japan while Fulton investigates how Saudi Arabia manages its participation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative with its alliance with the United States. This similar difficult balancing act between these rival superpowers is the topic of Kil’s paper on South Korea. The remaining papers deal with the role of ethnic identity politics in the evolution of Taiwan’s developmental state (He), the struggles faced by Indonesia’s anti-corruption agency against powerful interests (Umam & Head), and labor negotiations for Filipino migrant nurses (Cabanda). Together with the book and media reviews, I do hope APP readers will find this issue of great interest.

Aggregate risk and the Pareto principle

In the evaluation of public policies, a crucial distinction is between plans that involve purely idiosyncratic risk and those that generate correlated, or aggregate, risk. While natural, this distinction is not captured by standard utilitarian aggregators.In this paper we revisit Harsanyi's (1955) celebrated theory of preferences aggregation and develop a parsimonious generalization of utilitarianism. The theory we propose captures sensitivity to aggregate risk in large populations and can be characterized by two simple axioms of preferences aggregation.

Gestão social comparada

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar uma análise de Gestão Social Comparada em dois territórios no estado do Tocantins: Território da Ilha do Bananal/APA Cantão (9 municípios), com o Território do Bico do Papagaio (25 municípios). A pesquisa foi realizada junto aos colegiados territoriais no intuito de perceber a intensidade das categorias teóricas nos dois espaços. A pesquisa de campo aconteceu no decorrer do ano de 2016 por meio de questionário auto administrado pelo pesquisador. Cada município tem dois representantes no colegiado territorial ao qual faz parte, sendo um pertencente ao poder público e outro à sociedade civil organizada, os dois com titular e suplente. Nos resultados fica claro que o Território do Bico Palavras–chave: Gestão Social. Territórios. Território Ilha do Bananal/APA Cantão. Território do Bico do Papagaio. Participação.

Análise da política de incentivos fiscais municipal

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os efeitos da Lei Municipal n. 5.201/2013, após sua entrada em vigor entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, demonstrando de que forma os incentivos fiscais influenciaram nas finanças do Município de Osório/RS. Foram identificadas as políticas públicas fiscais, a expressividade dos benefícios fiscais concedidos, bem como a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do município. Verificou-se também se o equilíbrio fiscal foi comprometido e se a arrecadação de impostos foi impactada positivamente. Desenvolveu-se uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, optando-se pelo método do estudo de caso. A pesquisa contemplou, ainda, um roteiro de entrevistas para identificar a percepção dos beneficiados pelos incentivos fiscais e dos gestores públicos em relação aos resultados das políticas públicas fiscais, bem como se essas políticas vêm atingindo seus objetivos e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do município. O trabalho fornece subsídios que podem influenciar em futuras tomadas de decisões, no sentido de dar continuidade ou não em tal política pública. Foram identificadas fragilidades no programa municipal de desenvolvimento econômico e estruturadas propostas e ações que visam otimizar a aplicação e a avaliação das políticas públicas de incentivos fiscais em Osório/RS. Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas. Incentivos Fiscais. Gestão Pública. Município de Osório. Desenvolvimento Local.

Refining the Food and Drug Administration's Public Communications, Research Priorities, and Policy Evaluation.

Refining the Food and Drug Administration's Public Communications, Research Priorities, and Policy Evaluation.

Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys

BackgroundA study involving children from Alagoas (Northeast Brazil) revealed that, as a consequence of a drastic reduction in the prevalence of stunting between 1992 to 2005, (22.5 to 11.4%) combined with an increase in overweight prevalence (6.7 to 9.3%), the prevalence of these two conditions in 2005 was very close. If these trends were maintained, it is very likely that, at this time, the childhood overweight prevalence has already exceeded that of the stunting. However, no study is available to confirm this hypothesis. The identification of these changes is relevant to the planning and evaluation of public policies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, time trends and associated factors with stunting and overweight in children from Alagoas.MethodsIndependent cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in 1992 (n = 1231), 2005 (n = 1381) and 2015 (n = 988). Data were collected from probabilistic samples of children aged 0–60 months. Stunting was defined by stature-for-age < − 2 sd and overweight by weight-for-stature > 2 sd.ResultsBetween 1992, 2005 and 2015, the stunting prevalence was 22.6, 11.2 and 3.2% (reduction of 85.8%), while the overweight prevalence was 6.9, 7.5 and 14.9% (increase of 115.9%), respectively. After multivariate analysis, the following positive associations with stunting were observed in 1992: age group > 24 months (28.3% vs 14.5%), mother with ≥2 children (28.8% vs 12.8%), low birth weight (28.3% vs 15.7%) and mother with low schooling (29.3% vs 7.2%). In 2015 there was a higher prevalence of stunting in males (4.2% vs 2.2%), in children < 24 months (4.6% vs 2.2%), with low birth weight (8.6% vs 3.0%) and in those who had mothers with low schooling (7.0% vs 2.6%). Regarding overweight, in 1992 there was higher prevalence for male (9.1% vs 4.7%) and in children whose mothers had ≤2 children (8.9% vs 5.8%), while in 2015 only birth weight > 4 kg was associated to overweight (27.3% vs 14.2%).ConclusionsDuring the analyzed period, there was a significant decrease in stunting prevalence. At the same time, a substantial increase was observed in the overweight prevalence. Currently, stunting is a problem of low magnitude, while overweight has become a worrying public health problem.

How can critical deliberative theory help to solve the methodological challenges of evaluating from a gender + perspective?

This article explains why and how it is possible to give greater democratic meaning to an evaluative process by bringing into dialogue the Gender + perspective and a critical approach to deliberative theory within its design. Furthermore, it identifies the methodological challenges of using this intersectional approach to create more inclusive evaluative procedures. Taking into account the experience of the evaluation of Law 4/2005 for Equality between Women and Men in the Basque Country (Spain, 2015–2016), the text explains that the enclave deliberation praxis proposed by critical deliberative theory helps to resolve the challenges that emerge from the implementation of the Gender + perspective in the evaluation of public policies. These challenges include the incorporation of the empowerment perspective into the evaluation, and guaranteeing dialogue between expert knowledge on gender and other more ‘intuitive’ types of knowledge.

Conceptualization of the process and instrumental mechanisms of public administration in political science

Public administration is studied as a process of formation, implementation and evaluation of public policies in the article. Public policy is seen as the result of a policy cycle. The scientific fields of the policy process analysis are determined. The purpose of the article is to discuss the instrumental mechanisms of public administration based on the conceptualization of the public policy cycle stages.The article addressed the following questions: on the relationship between the models of “policy stages” and “policy streams” with instrumental mechanisms of public administration; about application of the specific instruments / public administration tools in different political systems; about applicability of the external experience in the selection of public administration instruments; instrumental technologiesfor ensuring political stability, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness of the public policy implementation.Methodology used in the article: deductive methods to gain general knowledge about procedural nature of public administration which were transformed into understanding of the policy implementation tools in the specific conditions, comparative analysis, observation and case studies methods were also used. The main results of the research: the classical model of “stages of public policy” is reduced to threestages: I) the agenda setting and public policy formulation; II) political decisions implementation; III) monitoring and evaluation of the implementation effectiveness. These three stages correlate with the political flows concept (problem stream, policy stream, politics stream). Instrumental mechanisms link policy formulation and policy implementation. Various classifications of the public policy instrumentsare presented. Types of public policy according to the T. Lowe’ classification (distributive, redistributive, regulatory, constituent types) are considered in connection with the dominant policy instruments. The scientific significance of the article consists in the increasing of knowledge about the processes of public administration. The practical significance is determined by the possibilities of applied scientificknowledge about the instruments of public administration.Key words: public administration, public policy, public policy instruments, policy cycle stages, policy streams, political science.

Оценка общественной политики в условиях социальных инноваций

Оценка общественной политики в условиях социальных инноваций

The Challenge of Pairing Big Datasets: Probabilistic Record Linkage Methods and Diagnosis of Their Empirical Viability

In this paper, we evaluated the predictive performance of probabilistic record linkage algorithms, discussing the implications of different configurations of blocking keys, string similarity functions and phonetic code on the prediction’s overall performance and computational complexity. Furthermore, we carried out a bibliographical survey of the main deterministic and probabilistic record linkage methods, as well as of recent advances combining machine learning techniques and main packages and implementations available in open-source R language. The results can provide heuristics for problems of administrative records integration at the national level and have potential value for the formulation and evaluation of public policies.

Experiments and evaluation of public policies: Methods, implementation, and challenges

AbstractEvidence‐based policymaking is all about developing and implementing better public policies. Although the logic underpinning this philosophy is simple, the practicalities of demonstrating causal effects of a public policy are much more complex. In recent years, there has been a wave of optimism about the usefulness of experimental approaches to public policy evaluation which mimics the clean, causal inferences observed in clinical trials. Although these methods, such as randomised controlled trials, have been widely advocated and implemented, they are not without their potential problems. In this paper, we consider the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges posed by the revolution in policy evaluation brought about by embracing experimental methods.

Introduction to the analysis of public policies

We can talk about public policies when a public authority - central or local - intends, with the help of a coordinated action program, to modify the economic, social, cultural environment of social actors. At national level, public policies can appear from any of the major state institutions (Parliament, President, Government, central or local authorities). The study of public policies is different from the traditional academic research, having an applied approach, oriented towards: (1) designing and developing solutions for the problems of society, (2) Interdisciplinarity, (3) Orientation towards problem solving: it does not have a purely academic character, but it is oriented towards the problems of the real world, looking for solutions for them, (4) Normativity. The general stages of this process are as follows: (1) defining the problem, (2) making the decision, (3) implementation of public policy, (4) monitoring and evaluation of public policy.

La evaluación integral de las políticas públicas, la cultura de evaluación y las interacciones con el desarrollo sostenible.

El objetivo general de este trabajo consiste en determinar y valorar la importancia relativa de los factores asociados a la cultura de evaluación, impulsores de la evaluación integral de las políticas públicas. Se encuentra centrado en representar el enfoque de evaluación integral de políticas públicas, a partir del análisis de las interrelaciones conceptuales que lo estructuran; examinar las razones del cambio hacia una cultura de evaluación coherente a la luz del desarrollo sostenible y determinar los factores asociados a la cultura de evaluación. La importancia relativa de los factores determinados en el contexto ecuatoriano con información proveniente de cien entrevistas en profundidad, documentos oficiales y literatura especializada.

Evaluation of Public Policy of National Standard Education on Elementary School in Porong Sub-district, Sidoarjo District

The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the policy evaluation of the National Education Standards in Public Elementary Schools in Porong Sub-District, Sidoarjo District. Also, to analyze the factors that influence it and to formulate an evaluation model of National Education Standards in Public Elementary Schools in Porong Sub-District, Sidoarjo District. This research conducted using the Qualitative Description method. Data collection has done by observing activities at school, interviewing principals and teachers, and reviewing supporting documents. Then the data are analyzed interactively and tested the validity of the data by Triangulation. In this study used indicators of public policy evaluation, namely 1) Effectiveness, 2) Efficient, 3) Adequacy, 4) Responsibility, 5) Access, 6) Accountability. The results of the study showed that the National Education Standards applied by the State Elementary School in Porong Sub-District, Sidoarjo District was optimal. Several factors influence the application of National Education Standards, namely, 1) clear, smooth and careful communication; 2) Resources that can support education are fulfilled 3) Attitudes among school residents are good; 4) The bureaucratic structure in the education unit is clear and sequential. The researcher's suggestion for the school is to maintain the achievement of the National Education Standards in the school and need to innovate learning for students.

Testing for nonlinearity and chaos in liquid bulk shipping

Modelling and forecasting port traffic are of major importance for the shipping industry. Existence of chaos implies that while long term forecasting is vain, reliable short-term forecasting would be possible. The objective of this research is to uncover the nonlinear dynamics and chaotic behavior of the liquid bulk cargo shipping, using monthly data from January 1992 to March 2013 for the Spanish seaports. For this purpose, in first instance we remove any linear dependence by means of the Box-Jenkins approach. Afterwards we analyzed the existence of nonlinearity and chaotic behavior by applying the BDS and the Lyapunov test respectively. Our findings suggest that although there has been found a dominant nonlinear structure underlying the dynamics of the liquid bulk traffic, determinism cannot be assumed and hence chaos cannot be inferred. These results are especially relevant for modeling and forecasting of maritime traffic, specifically for liquid bulk cargo, and for the design and evaluation of public policies related to the investment planning and management of port system.

Aplicación de un enfoque multigranular basado en el modelo lingüístico difuso 2-tupla para la evaluación de indicadores de política foresta

Introduction: The need for quality indicators is well recognized by users and proponents of public policy evaluation. Indicators recurrently include qualitative attributes for which there are few studies assessing the level of compliance. Objective: To apply a multigranular approach, based on the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic model, to evaluate 13 indicators of the National Forestry Program, established in the system of social policy indicators derived from the National Development Plan 2012-2018 of Mexico. Materials and methods: The method uses the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model and an extension called extended linguistic hierarchies, designed to solve problems with multigranular linguistic information. The indicators’ level of compliance was evaluated based on four criteria: clarity, relevance, monitoring, and adequacy. Results and discussion: The structure defined in evaluating social policy indicators corresponds appropriately to that used with the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic model. The evaluation resulted in a sorted list in which the indicator “Rate of change of timber forest production” had the best rating with a “very high” level of compliance; 10 other indicators had the “high” level of compliance, and the remaining two indicators were rated with “moderate” compliance. Conclusions: The 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic model allowed the appropriate evaluation of the level of compliance with the desirable attributes of indicators

Public Policy Evaluation on Limitation of The Use of Plastics Bags based on Social Marketing Perspective

The plastic bag diet campaign has been carried out by many parties including government agencies, but the campaign is feared to only reach the cognitive stage, not a meaningful change in attitude. Many campaigns on the problem of plastic waste have been carried out from NGOs, the private sector, and the government, but what is wrong so as to the problem of plastic waste continues to occur? Why does the problem of plastic waste still stop at the campaign without a comprehensive behavior implementation of the community? The research method was a survey using quota sampling and descriptive. The population people in Balikpapan, Jakarta and Surabaya. The campaign to limit plastic bags can be successful if there is a synergy of the regulators; the government and NGOs, the private sector such as retailers, and the community. The related parties are expected to design a campaign in accordance with the social marketing model. Moreover, the related parties must also conduct formative research of the target behavior: the community about plastic waste and the extent to which the related parties must endeavor so that it can be known what audience benefits are most appropriate in formulating a campaign. In the implementation of social marketing, related parties have to clearly formulate the target behavior that exists so that people are not confused and have one voice. In addition, policies must also be upheld to support and maintain the results of social marketing to be sustainable. Moreover, educational and outreach programs that can change behavior about the environment will also help future generations to reduce pollution of plastic waste.