Public Policy In Chile Research Articles

Análisis de la Política Pública de Franquicia Tributaria para la Energía Solar Térmica en Chile

El presente estudio analiza el proceso de inclusión en la agenda de gobierno, formulación e implementación de una política pública en Chile, basado en el caso de la política pública de fomento a la energía solar térmica (Ley 20.365/2008). El trabajo se estructura según el modelo analítico propuesto por Subirats et al. (2008). A partir de la información recopilada, se pudo observar que existe un significativo déficit de implementación que se relaciona con algunas inexactitudes generadas durante la formulación de la Ley. No obstante lo anterior, la percepción generalizada de los actores vinculados no está relacionada con el fracaso de la política sino más bien con que los resultados obtenidos, generaron un logro importante en el aumento del parque instalado de colectores solares, y productos reglamentarios y técnicos que sin la existencia de ésta nunca se hubiesen desarrollado; todavía existen desafíos, ya que el mercado se encuentra en una etapa muy incipiente de desarrollo.

Thoughts about the research process. A proposal from decolonial feminism

In this paper, I share some concerns and decisions arisen during my doctoral research process which seeks to integrate decolonial feminist theory as epistemic key for analysis on sexual and reproductive health public policy in Chile, between years 2000 and 2015, based on Coloniality of Gender concept proposed by Maria Lugones. Here I present the most significant aspects in the research process —including theoretical framework and methodological design— that led to the approach of my current research project.

CASEN survey: statistical and methodological misleads in key public policy in Chile

Subject area Discussing statistical error and research design problems and the organizational implications of delivering “good news” at all cost. Study level/applicability This case can be used on basic courses of Public Policy, Marketing Research and Quantitative Methods. Case overview MIDEPLAN on July 2012 showed the results of the CASEN (Caracterización Socio-Económica or Socio-Economical Characterization) survey of 2011. The results showed that poverty was lowered by 0.6 per cent and was greatly highlighted by the media. Opposition coalition and academics started to ask questions about statistical error, which was not yet known. It was revealed that the government asked Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), a public organization dependent on the United Nations (UN) that was helping Chile to manage the CASEN survey, to review the results and incorporate a variable “y11,” but academics questioned it due to comparability reasons. The statistical error was revealed and it was 0.8 per cent. On October 2012, CEPAL decided to stop helping Chilean institutions. Expected learning outcomes The key analysis and conclusions which should arise as a result of teaching this case are: The relevance of the statistical error as a key component of research to evaluate data; the importance of fully implementing research design and accuracy of every step to reach valid results; analyze and discuss organizational implications of delivering “good news” at all cost. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email pfarias@unegocios.cl to request teaching notes.

Formación de Directores de Excelencia: Un mismo objetivo, distintas demandas.

Recientemente, las políticas educativas en Chile han relevado el rol del director, implementando un programa de formación para líderes educativos llamado "Directores de Excelencia". En este marco, este estudio buscó conocer las necesidades de formación que los participantes a este programa explicitaban previo a iniciar su formación. Se consultó a 27 directores en ejercicio y 17 aspirantes a la dirección, a través de una encuesta escrita abierta que les preguntó sobre los temas que un programa de formación de líderes educativos debería abordar. La información fue analizada a través de análisis de contenido. Posteriormente, las respuestas se relacionaron con el currículum oficial propuesto por el Ministerio de Educación. Los resultados muestran que ambos grupos identifican temas diferentes, mientras directores manifiestan interés en temas pedagógicos, los aspirantes demandan un currículum centrado en lo organizacional. Se discute la necesidad de diseñar procesos de formación diferenciados.

The Redistributive Impact of Public Policies in a Country With a High Level of Income Inequality: The Case of Chile

This article investigates the distributive impact of public policies in Chile. The economy of this country has expanded, incomes of many households have increased, and poverty has declined. However, the level of income inequality has stagnated at a high level and seems to be virtually unaffected by the economical and social changes experienced by the Chilean society. One finding that emerges from the literature is that although subsidies have, to some degree, played a role in the fight of poverty, their role in the reduction of income inequality is minor. Regarding taxes, several analyses have shown that it is possible to increase the distributive impact of the tax system in Chile, but this potential has not yet been exploited. This is surprising given that the tax system in place in Chile is regressive rather than progressive. Public expenditures in health and education are clearly affecting the distribution of incomes and seem to be the method chosen by Chile's policy makers to achieve a more equal society. However, this ambition seems to have been strongest in the early 1990s and in the period 2006–2010.

Transformaciones de la familia conyugal en Chile en el período de la transición democrática (1990-2011)

The conjugal family (marriage by choice, for life, based on love for the couple, living in a home, to procreate and raise together the children: the woman in charge of raising and of housework, and the male as breadwinner and authority) was at the center of public policy in Chile during much of the twentieth century. This article deepens on the changes occurred in this family configuration in the last two decades of democratic transition, from its historical context, tensions and conflicts. Information was re-processed from data bases of the CASEN Surveys 1990, 2000, 2009 and 2011, the data on two-parent households with at least one child, to deepen the knowledge about this family setting, undertaking the necessary caution, since CASEN is a household survey and not a survey of families.

Desigualdades de género en el emprendimiento y en los negocios de las mujeres

This paper presents a gender analysis of the main results of a study in 2012 showing the cultural, male and female stereotypes, related to different projects and doing business supported by public policies in Chile. The study conducted was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory 11 in-depth interviews aimed at officials / experts / as in entrepreneurship programs were developed, and 10 Focus Groups with entrepreneurial women from these programs. This study identified perceived inequities and gender barriers experienced by entrepreneurs and Chilean women, preventing their full development and equal. The paper presents the first instance in the general background of the venture formed from the gender perspective and then show the methodology and the main results of the study.

Ciencias sociales y políticas públicas en Chile: qué, cómo y para qué se investiga en el Estado

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados de un estudio sobre los vínculos entre la investigación de las ciencias sociales y la formulación y gestión de las políticas públicas en el Chile de la post transición democrática. A partir de una muestra de investigaciones realizadas en los ministerios, clasificados en tradicionales, nuevos, y políticos, se estudian cuatro cuestiones: a) quiénes y en qué condiciones investigan para el Estado, b) contenido de las investigaciones c) perspectivas metodológicas d) usos de las investigaciones. Las respuestas a estas cuestiones permiten plantear algunas conclusiones en torno a dos aspectos. Por el lado del Estado, qué efectos tienen estos estudios para la calidad de las políticas públicas en el contexto de los debates sobre la calidad de la democracia en Chile. Y por el lado de las ciencias sociales, cómo afecta el desarrollo de las disciplinas -particularmente para la sociología- la presencia del Estado como uno de los principales demandantes de conocimiento científico aplicado.

Gender and the state in rural Chile

This paper focuses on SERNAM, the state institution responsible for the incorporation of gender into public policy in Chile,and the actions taken by the state to benefit women employed in the modern agricultural sector. It charts the emergence of the demands for such an institution by the women's movement, and the creation of SERNAM as an integral part of the transition to democracy. In particular, the paper analyses the Programme for the Children of the Temporeras, which is a unique state-led initiative to provide childcare facilities to enable women to enter the seasonal labour market during the summer months. The paper explores the complex relations between gender, the state, capitalist agriculture and patriarchal structures, with the aim of highlighting the sometimes unexpected convergence of interests, and the points of conflict.

Gender and the State in Rural Chile

Abstract — This paper focuses on SERNAM, the state institution responsible for the incorporation of gender into public policy in Chile, and the actions taken by the state to benefit women employed in the modern agricultural sector. It charts the emergence of the demands for such an institution by the women's movement, and the creation of SERNAM as an integral part of the transition to democracy. In particular, the paper analyses the Programme for the Children of the Temporeras, which is a unique state‐led initiative to provide childcare facilities to enable women to enter the seasonal labour market during the summer months. The paper explores the complex relations between gender, the state, capitalist agriculture and patriarchal structures, with the aim of highlighting the sometimes unexpected convergence of interests, and the points of conflict.

Economic liberalism in Chile, 1973-82: a model for growth and development or a recipe for stagnation and impoverishment?

Public policy in Chile since the coup d'etat of 1973 has been formulated in a highly authori tarian institutional setting. The socio-political constraints that would normally militate against a radical redefinition of the social, economic and political basis of society have been all but absent. In the economic sphere, policy-makers, armed with a wide mandate from the army and possessing a strong academic grounding in monetarism, were able and deter mined to reverse dramatically the previous trend towards growing state intervention and planning—a trend that had begun in the 1930s, but which had reached its apex under the socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970-73). In reorganising the economic basis of society, policy-makers were guided to quite an extraordinary degree by the principles of economic liberalism. The doctrine maintains that in an exchange economy based on the division of labour, individuals left free to pursue their own self-interest will necessarily cause the welfare of the group be enhanced. The free market is argued to be sovereign and, through the price system, to constitute the best mechanism for allocating society's resources both in production and consumption. From this there stems an insistence on limiting the powers of government. During 1973, there developed in Chile a serious crisis of economic stability. When the army came to power in September of that year consumer prices were inflating at 2096 monthly, over 90096 on an annual basis. The imbalance between public sector revenues and expenditures had grown out of control, the deficit of central government alone reaching almost 25% of GDP. The deficit on the current account of the balance of payments stood at 2 -8% of GDP, while foreign reserves were actually US$231 M in the red. GDP, invest ment and consumption were all contracting (Table 1 shows the principal macroeconomic aggregates). From September 1973 to mid 1976, a period that can be viewed as constituting the first phase in Chile's experiment with liberalism, the top economic priority of the new regime was the reduction of inflation and the improvement of the country's external payments position. To this end the government, in conjunction with the IMF, adopted a highly ortho dox approach to stabilisation. The exchange rate was greatly devalued and restrictive monetary and fiscal measures introduced. Prices were decontrolled and denationalisation