Public Performance Measurement Research Articles

Advancing the practice of public procurement performance measurement: a framework for conceptualizing efficiency and effectiveness

IMPACT This article provides a conceptual, applied framework for public procurement performance measurement. A reimagined systems–theoretical approach reveals a conceptual model by which public managers and policy-makers can understand their current public procurement key performance indicators (KPIs). Focusing on distinctions between the public and private appreciation of efficiency and effectiveness, the model was applied to three European Single Market Scoreboard public procurement KPIs to illustrate where measures tend to fail. Implications from an empirical analysis of aggregated contract notice and award data suggest public procurement performance measures are symbolic indicants rather than true measures of performance unless normalized across the appropriate unit of analysis which are heterogeneous and, in the case of multilevel governance, often have different procurement goals and policy priorities. The model identifies the theoretical challenges facing the metrics used to assess the performance of procurement systems, while acknowledging that, in practice, these metrics may not always be used in isolation for assessment. Recommendations for practice and generalizability across various government regimes and public KPIs are provided.

Performance Measurement and Management During the Roman Empire: Evidence From the Letters of Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan

This article examines performance measurement and management practices of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98–117 CE). The main thesis is that the administration of imperial provinces possessed some of the underlying concepts of modern public performance measurement and management practices developed more recently as part of the New Public Management movement. The article uses the 121 letters in the correspondence between Pliny the Younger as Imperial Governor ( Legatus Augusti) of the Province of Bithynia and Pontus (110–113 CE) in modern day Turkey and Emperor Trajan to demonstrate that performance measurement and management practices is more ancient than its development as part of the New Public Management movement.

Public oversight and performance measurement in public sector entities

Public oversight and performance measurement in public sector entities

Comprehensive Analysis of the Financial Performance of Indian Public Sector Banks

Recently, the government consolidated numerous public sector banks. The basis for conducting this study is this. This article's goal is to pinpoint the variables that influence public sector bank performance in India as well as the connections between those variables and the performance of particular banks operated by the government. In this article, we will examine the financial information from all public sector commercial banks over an 11-year period (from 2009 to 2019). Both the system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis and the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) have been used to analyse the effects of determinants on public sector bank performance assessment.. CAMEL, which stands for Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management Efficiency, Earning, and Liquidity, has been used to assess performance. Several public sector banks have lately been consolidated by the government. The basis for conducting this study is this. This article's goal is to identify the variables that determine Indian public sector banks' performance as well as the connections between those variables and performance. In this study, we will examine the financial data from all public sector commercial banks over an 11-year period (from 2009 to 2019). Both the system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) have been employed to assess the influence of determinants on the performance measurement of public sector banks Performance has been assessed using the CAMEL framework, which stands for Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings, and Liquidity. This framework is widely used to evaluate the financial system in India. For a number of reasons, the financial health of public sector banks (PSBs) is crucial.First and foremost, PSBs are essential in delivering financial services to the general population, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas where private banks might not be present. Therefore, the availability of financial services to a wide portion of the public has a direct impact on their financial health.Second, PSBs frequently serve as the primary lenders to important economic sectors like infrastructure, SMEs, and agriculture. As a result, their financial performance may have a big impact on how these industries grow and develop. Thirdly, PSBs frequently have government ownership and are subject to public scrutiny. As a result, one key indicator of their efficiency is their financial performance. Alternate Parameters taken as SBI, BOB, PNB, BOI, CANARA. Evaluation Parameter taken as The following financial performance indicators have been considered: net profit margin%, return on assets%, return on net worth%, interest income to total assets%, interest expenses to total assets%, and operating expenses to total. In August 2015, a target was set for PSBs to raise $110,000 crore from the markets by the years 2018-19. However, compared to this target, only Rs. 7,726 crore was raised between January 2015 and March 2017. Given the CCEA's assurance to prevent an excessive influx of banking equity issues in the market simultaneously, it appears impossible to achieve this goal by March 2019.DFS decided that additional capital injections will only be granted if specific PSBs met the performance standards stated in the MoUs with those PSBs (signed in February/March 2012). However, in practice, this was not done. According to Audit Report No. 28 of 2017 55, the MoU targets for some metrics decreased year over year while no specific targets were specified for others.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA MAGELANG

The Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil) of Magelang City is one of the public service providers that strive to provide excellent service to the community. However, the performance of public services in the Disdukcapil of Magelang City still appears various problems and complaints. The purpose of this study was to identify the public factors that caused the performance of services in the Disdukcapil of Magelang City to not meet the established standards and to formulate efforts to improve the performance of public services in the Disdukcapil of Magelang City. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The measurement of public service performance is based on four indicators consisting of work performance, expertise, behavior, and leadership. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the study can be seen that the performance of public services in the Disdukcapil of Magelang City from the aspect of achievement, expertise, behavior, and leadership has shown good results. However, in the service, there are still various problems and complaints. This is due to 2 (two) factors, namely internal factors, and external factors. The efforts to improve the performance of public services include improving the quality and behavior of government officials, creating public service policies that are not too procedural and convoluted, and adding facilities and infrastructure.

Strategic Performance Measurement and Management: The Distinctive Nature of the Public Sector and Implications on Performance Measures

Purpose : Strategic performance measurement and management (SPMM) as a subject has come over increased research radar over the last four or so decades. The so-called “performance measurement revolution” of the 1980s to 1990s concentrated on the private sector. “Business managerialism” and “accountingisation” kicked-in into the public sector with transplanting of hitherto private sector management techniques under New Public Management (NPM) and other administrative reform programmes by various governments internationally. Specifically, the 1990s saw the implementation of modern multi-dimensional SPMM systems originally in the private sector. Considering the nuanced nature of the public sector, the transfer of SPMM systems from the private to the public sector has not been straightforward due to technical, conceptual and behavioral factors. This paper contrasts the features of the private and public sectors and investigates the implication of the distinctive nature of the public sector on the application of SPMM in the public sector. This will augment our perceptions and comprehension of existing public sector SPMM theory and practice. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a systematic literature review (SLR), a mode of research which has been widely adopted and strongly justified for adoption in business and management research since the turn of the 21st century. The study conducted a content and thematic analysis on the commonalities and differences between private and public sectors and implication of the differences on public sector strategic performance measurement and management. The study itself covered 233 published and unpublished documents covering the seven decades to 2023 which to our knowledge constitutes the most comprehensive update on the public-private debate trends to date. Findings: The study thoroughly interrogated the literature perspectives or models on the commonalities and differences between the public and private sectors. The study then deep-dived into the underlying characteristics which differentiate the public and private sectors producing one of the most detailed side-by-side analyses of public-private differentiation based on organisational characteristics, dimension, or concept of all time. The systematic review further identified and derived several thematic areas related to public-private differences and went on to establish the implications of the public-private divergences from an SPMM perspective especially as it relates to the derivation and application of public sector performance measures. These findings are critical for both practitioners and academics as they explore the subject of transplanting private sector SPMM practices into the public sector which is another overripe area for research. The findings provide public managers with a comprehensive and critical cog in their management toolbox as they navigate the practical realities and difficulties of implementing SPMM in the public sector’s unique and complex environment. Research Limitations: The main challenge with conducting a comprehensive research of this magnitude relates mainly to the broad range of literature covered, the unwieldy and onerous analysis and lots of judgement calls which could impact bias and replicability. Practical Implications - This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the key features of the private and public sectors found in the literature and evaluates how they drive attendant management practices in the two sectors and specifically how the public sector’s distinctive nature impacts on the measures of performance. Originality/value - Studying the differences and how they impact the choice of public sector KPIs is crucial in attempting to address the myriad of challenges and potential hindrances to future institutionalisation of SPMM in contemporary PSOs. Exploring and understanding the differences and similarities between public and private sectors is a beneficial springboard to cultivate erudition, cross-pollination and facilitation of knowledge transfer between the two sectors of the contemporary global political economy. Keywords: Strategic, performance management, performance measurement, performance measures, key performance indicators, public-private differences DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/13-2-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2023

Predictors of strategic procurement performance metrics adoption in county governments: empirical evidence from Kakamega county government, Kenya

PurposeAmidst the scarcity of resources, it is undisputable that an effective public procurement performance measurement system (PMS) is required particularly in county governments, especially for Kenya to realize its ambitions in devolved governance system. County governments cannot be effectively evaluated on their performance if the long-term, strategic impact of public procurement processes and projects is not captured. Arising from this backdrop, this study aims to determine the predictors of strategic procurement performance metrics (SPPM) adoption in public procurement PMS of county governments.Design/methodology/approachAnchored on institutional theory and public sector scorecard model, a survey research design was adopted where data were collected through census from 115 respondents working in procurement, finance and stores department of Kakamega county government. Data were collected using questionnaire (75.56% response rate) and key informant interviews, and analyzed by using multiple regression model and ordinal logistic regression models.FindingsMultiple regression model and ordinal logistics regression revealed that national government support negatively and significantly, and regulatory framework positively and significantly affects the adoption of SPPM.Practical implicationsThere is need for formal mechanism that will enable the national government in partnership with the council of governors to be proactively involved in developing procurement performance measurement capacity of county governments. This study’s findings also provide suggestions for a working regulatory framework required for the adoption of SPPM by county governments.Originality/valueThis work adds value to the prevailing body of knowledge on public procurement PMS in the public sector.

Public Sector Financial Performance in Indonesia: Concepts and Regulations

Improving the public sector's financial performance is crucial to encouraging rapid economic growth throughout Indonesia. This paper aims to understand the essentials of the concepts and regulations of the public sector financial performance management in Indonesia. This study examines the performance of public sector organizations in Indonesia, especially looking at the definitions and regulations that form the basis of implementing this performance. The identification of the performance of the public sector in this paper seeks to see the basic concepts that serve as guidelines and the laws and regulations that form the background of the achievements of public organizations in Indonesia. In conclusion, it is revealed that the financial performance of the public sector in Indonesia refers to the applicable laws and regulations starting from the fundamental law, namely the 1945 Constitution, especially Article 23C, followed by several laws, government regulations, presidential regulations, and ministerial finance regulations. The measurement of public sector financial performance is regulated and determined by the Ministry of Finance through budget implementation performance indicators, which are seen from four aspects and twelve main indicators.

“We cobble together a storyline of system performance using a diversity of things”: a qualitative study of perspectives on public health performance measurement in Canada

BackgroundThere have been longstanding calls for public health systems transformations in many countries, including Canada. Core to these calls has been strengthening performance measurement. While advancements have been made in performance measurement for certain sectors of the health care system (primarily focused on acute and primary health care), effective use of indicators for measuring public health systems performance are lacking. This study describes the current state, anticipated challenges, and future directions in the development and implementation of a public health performance measurement system for Canada.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with public health leaders (n = 9) between July and August 2021. Public health leaders included researchers, government staff, and former medical officers of health who were purposively selected due to their expertise and experience with performance measurement with relevance to public health systems in Canada. Thematic analysis included both a deductive approach for themes consistent with the conceptual framework and an inductive approach to allow new themes to emerge from the data.ResultsConceptual, methodological, contextual, and infrastructure challenges were highlighted by participants in designing a performance measurement system for public health. Specifically, six major themes evolved that encompass 1) the mission and purpose of public health systems, including challenges inherent in measuring the functions and services of public health; 2) the macro context, including the impacts of chronic underinvestment and one-time funding injections on the ability to sustain a measurement system; 3) the organizational structure/governance of public health systems including multiple forms across Canada and underdevelopment of information technology systems; 4) accountability approaches to performance measurement and management; and 5) timing and unobservability in public health indicators. These challenges require dedicated investment, strong leadership, and political will from the federal and provincial/territorial governments.ConclusionUnprecedented attention on public health due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted opportunities for system improvements, such as addressing the lack of a performance measurement system. This study provides actionable knowledge on conceptual, methodological, contextual, and infrastructure challenges needed to design and build a pan-Canadian performance measurement system for public health.

Progress and Prospects of Research on Public Services in Sports in China: Analysis in the Context of Bibliometric Ecological Civilization and Social Networks.

In order to better understand the current situation of Chinese public sports, this paper studies Chinese public sports. According to SATI3.2 statistics, 71 newsletters have published a total of 903 articles, of which 40 newsletters have one article, 19.7% of the newsletters have 2–9 books, and 17 magazines have more than 10 issues. The results show that by measuring data, we can better understand the current state of China's public services. This paper uses the method of bibliometric analysis to sort out and summarize the policies, characteristics, hotspots, and trends of China's public service field under the social network environment. The survey shows that the education sector has paid less for public entertainment in recent years. The research direction is system, equity, government procurement, interest, capital allocation, strategy, and supply chain. This paper highlights that the shortcomings of public sports research in our country: “public sports services” and “public sports services” are not integrated; there are many macrostudies on public service sports but few microstudies; there is no track and field research for special public groups. This paper puts forward research guidance for China's public sports services and, at the same time, strengthens the research on public services of different products of rural sports development, strengthens the research on the intelligence of sports public services, and strengthens the research on the role of public sports. Governments at all levels support and strengthen research on public sports service standards, strengthen research on public sports performance measurement measures, and strengthen public sports balance research.

The Concept of Effective Organization for Quality Performance of Public Administration: For New Democracies

The article considers a possible public administration performance measurement regarding to political organization situation in Croatia. The first performance measurement problem comes from multilevel responsibility and co-production implementations. Second comes with emergence of multilevel products origin. Thirdly, state is very open and integrated in the EU and globalization influence. Therefore, it is crucially important to identify products and the evaluation indicators of the public administration, according with the public goals and social values. The article considers the performance measurement and management methodological at an organizational frame and it also considers the social values influence on a methodology and the role of the public administration in fulfilment of the public policy. Finally, effective organization possible could be built and improved by measuring effectiveness. The paper has tried to show the public service complexity work and the purpose, but first of all the importance public administration for achieving public goals.

Modern paradigms for evaluation and measurement of public administration performance

Performance measurement is a concept whose definition cannot be made precisely because it goes beyond the scope of a particular scientific field. In the public sector, performance is extremely difficult to identify, as no clear and concrete criteria are set to accurately reflect the purpose of the work of public institutions. The concern for measuring performance in public institutions has arisen as a result of the increasing difficulty of solving the increasingly complex problems that citizens face. The relevance of measuring performance in PA is provided by the way in which this process influences the entire activity of an organization, in all internal managerial directions.

The impact of rational and political factors on performance measurement and its utilisation: analysis of municipal governments from Mississippi

ABSTRACT Public performance measurement and management are orthodox practices, but existing scholarship heavily focuses on large and exemplary cities. Thus, generalising lessons from large municipalities to smaller, and mostly rural, localities has been challenging. This study uses an updated rational/technocratic and political/cultural framework, focuses on municipalities in Mississippi, and examines the predictors of performance measurement and its utilisation. The results of a survey administered to local municipal officials provide support that organisational capacity is a critical factor for performance measurement adoption. At the same time, innovative culture is necessary for the utilisation of performance measures.

Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: A systematic literature review and a research agenda

To lay the foundation for the special issue that this research article introduces, we present 1) a systematic review of existing literature on the implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public governance and 2) develop a research agenda. First, an assessment based on 26 articles on this topic reveals much exploratory, conceptual, qualitative, and practice-driven research in studies reflecting the increasing complexities of using AI in government – and the resulting implications, opportunities, and risks thereof for public governance. Second, based on both the literature review and the analysis of articles included in this special issue, we propose a research agenda comprising eight process-related recommendations and seven content-related recommendations. Process-wise, future research on the implications of the use of AI for public governance should move towards more public sector-focused, empirical, multidisciplinary, and explanatory research while focusing more on specific forms of AI rather than AI in general. Content-wise, our research agenda calls for the development of solid, multidisciplinary, theoretical foundations for the use of AI for public governance, as well as investigations of effective implementation, engagement, and communication plans for government strategies on AI use in the public sector. Finally, the research agenda calls for research into managing the risks of AI use in the public sector, governance modes possible for AI use in the public sector, performance and impact measurement of AI use in government, and impact evaluation of scaling-up AI usage in the public sector.

Difficulties Concerning Public Sector Efficiency and Performance Measurement

The ability to measure public sector performance is a necessity for policymakers as well as academics and citizens of a country. This article aims to identify ways of measuring public sector performance using the measurement applicable to all countries and outlining opportunities for comparability among them. Thus, the authors highlight opportunities for performance measurement and public sector efficiency using various methods of non-parametric and parametric analysis. The starting point of the analysis considers the concept of performance, encompasses the proposed terms of productivity, efficiency and effectiveness; therefore, the measurement of public sector performance requires an exhaustive analysis in multidimensional terms, covering all core areas of a country. Moreover, understanding and developing robust international comparison possibilities will give in practice a structural framework for measuring the performance of particular relevance. Study findings indicate that performance measurement and implicitly public sector efficiency is a complex and difficult task that goes beyond simply measuring of productivity and efficiency, and requires aggregation of several key areas related to the results of a state. In summary, the analysis framework of the performance and efficiency of public sector is outlined both in terms of relevance of indicators and the methodology used. It demonstrates that methods of non-parametric analysis work at their best when all aspects of the production process can be captured in a limited number of input and output dimensions.KEYWORDS: performance, efficiency, public sector, non-parametric methods, parametric methods.

COMPANY PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL USING THE BALANCE SCORECARD METHOD TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC COMPANIES JASA TIRTA I

Jasa Tirta I Public Company is a state-owned company engaged in the management of water resources. The quality of the performance of an organization can be known by measuring the performance of the achievement of performance indicators. Comprehensive planning of performance indicators is needed. This study aims to determine the performance measurement of Perum Jasa Tirta I by the Balanced Scorecard method and then analyzed by the PDCGA (Plan-Do-Check-Goal-Action) method for continuous improvement to improve company performance. The research method used in this study uses a mixed-method approach. The results showed that the measurement of public performance based on the Balanced Scorecard Perum Jasa Tirta I 2015-2019 method is divided into 4 approaches: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and learning & growth perspective including good performance. Judging from the financial perspective it is included in the very good category. From the customer perspective, it is included in the excellent category. From the internal business perspective it is classified as quite good, Electricity Raw Water Service indicators reached 93% of the 100% target and environmental management achieved 97% of the 100% target. From the perspective of learning & growth in the excellent category.

Kinerja Dinas Perumahan Kawasan Permukiman dan Pertanahan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Dalam Peningkatan Jalan Lingkungan Di Kota Palangka Raya

The Department of Housing, Settlement and Land Areas of Central Kalimantan Province carries out one of the tasks in improving environmental roads in order to facilitate transportation access. In this case the performance can be categorized as good.
 The theory used as the basis for this research is the measurement of public bureaucratic performance. In the performance measurement there are five indicators used according to Dwiyanto namely 1) Productivity, 2) Service Quality, 3) Responsibility, 4) Responsibility and 5) Accountability.
 This study uses qualitative research methods because researchers want to understand sociological factors, situations and symptoms or social phenomena in depth and comprehensively. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The primary data in this study are the Head of the Area of ​​Settlement Areas, the Head of the Department of Housing, Settlement and Land Regions of Central Kalimantan Province, and the people of Palangka Raya City. Secondary data from this study are Data on Program Activities of Housing, Settlement and Land Areas of Central Kalimantan Province from 2017-2019 and Data on Achievements of Program Target Activities of Housing, Settlement and Land Services of Central Kalimantan Province from 2017-2019.
 Based on the results of research on the Performance of the Department of Housing, Residential Areas, and Land in the Improvement of Environmental Roads in the City of Palangka Raya in this case the performance can be categorized well. The planned and implemented program of activities has reached the expected target in terms of reducing slum areas and increasing decent occupancy, especially problems on environmental roads, although not all proposals that come directly from the community are carried out, but all of them are still accommodated and studied by the Disperkimtan.
 For this reason, it is recommended that the Department of Housing, Settlement and Land Areas of Central Kalimantan Province must conduct regular socialization to the community in providing education related to understanding residential areas. How to create a decent residential area and environment that is maintained in the midst of infrastructure development that will continue to achieve the expected regional development goals and the addition of human resources.

Vermont's comprehensive public health framework for tobacco control and prevention

When the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the Best Practices Guide for Comprehensive Tobacco Control – 2014 it provided an opportunity for Vermont's Tobacco Control Program to create a new state plan. Bringing together partner agencies, advocates and health organizations, the workgroup faced a challenge: there wasn't consensus around focusing on e-cigarettes. There was concern that if too much emphasis was placed on addressing this emerging product, it would be at the cost of reducing combustible use. Youth smoking rates were declining while adult smoking prevalence in Vermont remained stagnant and difficult to move downward.Through applying the lens of best practice and examining the data, the workgroup determined that an ambitious state plan was necessary. Adopting a set of principles grounded in public health and performance measurement, the plan's five goals are to reduce use of all tobacco products among youth and adults. The state plan established a vision of a Vermont free of tobacco use for the program and partners to use, emphasizing data-driven interventions and advancing policymaking, including addressing flavored tobacco products. The tobacco control and regulatory framework in Vermont has worked consistently at the state and local level on strategies involving youth engagement, coalition prevention activities, counter marketing and enforcement.Vermont's framework has evolved to recognize that no matter where a Vermonter is living or working, the protections and services provided by a tobacco program should be equitable. Future application of the public health framework includes exploring innovative policy approaches to curtail the vaping epidemic.

Social media sentimentas an additional performance measure? Examples from iconic theme park destinations

This analysis quantifies social media data collected for two iconic theme park destinations. Disney World and SeaWorld were studied in-depth using social media analytics, and the findings were compared to publicly available performance measures. The scale and length of social media topics discussed differed significantly, and there was mixed evidence of correlations between social media sentiment and other public performance measures. As the role of social media contributions to selecting retailers and service providers develops, understanding the sentiment around well-known organizations and potential impacts of major events can aid decision makers in the retailing of consumer services.

Lean Management and U.S. Public Hospital Performance: Results From a National Survey.

Many public hospitals have adopted Lean management methodology, but little is known about the extent of Lean adoption or the relationship between Lean adoption and hospital performance. Using data from the 2017 National Survey of Lean/Transformational Performance Improvement in Hospitals, linked with data from the American Hospital Association 2015 Annual Hospital Survey and 2015 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data on hospital performance, we compare public hospitals with nonprofit and for-profit hospitals on the rate of Lean adoption and the extent of Lean implementation. We also assess the associations between Lean adoption by the end of 2014 and measures of public hospital financial performance, patient outcomes, and patient satisfaction measured in 2015.Among the 288 public hospitals that responded to the survey, 54.2% reported that they had adopted Lean. The average length of time of Lean implementation was 4.58 years. The mean number of units in which Lean was implemented was 11.9 out of 29 possible hospital units, with the emergency department (ED) being the unit in which Lean was most frequently implemented. The most common Lean practices used were daily huddles, plan-do-study-act cycles, visual management, and use of standard work. Lean adoption by 2014 was significantly associated in the direction predicted with earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization margin (b = .042, p < .020) and percentage of patients leaving the ED without being seen (b = -0.610, p < .068). No significant associations were found between Lean adoption and patient outcomes or patient satisfaction.