Public Open Research Articles

Public Open Spaces and Leisure-Time Walking in Brazilian Adults.

Access to public open space is important to increase leisure-time walking (LTW) in high-income countries, but there is little evidence in middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between LTW and the presence of different public open spaces (parks, bike paths, and squares) and the mix of these recreational destinations near the homes of adults participating in the Sao Paulo Health Survey (n = 3145). LTW was evaluated by a questionnaire. We delineated buffers (500, 1000, and 1500 m) from the geographic coordinates of the adults’ residential addresses using a geographic information system. We used multilevel logistic regression taking account of clustering by census tracts and households, and with adjustment for social, demographics, and health characteristics. The main results showed that the presence of at least two recreational destinations within a 500-m buffer of participants’ homes were associated with an increased odds of LTW compared with no destinations present (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.09–2.55). No associations were found for destinations further away. These results support actions outlined in the new urban plan for Sao Paulo city and could be used to highlight the importance access to a mix of public open spaces to promote physical activity in megacities of middle-income countries.

Older Adults in Public Open Spaces: Age and Gender Segregation

There is a substantial body of literature on the importance of the environment in the lives of older adults. Nonetheless, to date, there has been limited research on everyday activities of urban older adults in public open spaces. The present study examined the activities of older adults in public open spaces in Israel with a specific focus on age and gender as potential variables of relevance. Using still photography, we systematically photographed four sessions in two different public outdoor settings attended by older Israelis. Still photographs were converted to narrative descriptions, and then coded, quantified, and compared using descriptive statistics. The majority (311, 97%) of older adults arrived alone to the public setting. Of these, 44% formed a social group of two or more people, whereas the remaining older adults stayed alone. When social interactions occurred, they were primarily gender homogenous (69%); women were more likely to integrate in spontaneous social conversations and men were more likely to participate in common games. Our findings call attention to the important role played by the outdoor environment as a venue for social activities among older adults. The findings further stress the high levels of aloneness experienced by older adults, which do not seem to be alleviated by the mere attendance of public spaces.

Public Open Space Development for Elderly People by Using the DANP-V Model to Establish Continuous Improvement Strategies towards a Sustainable and Healthy Aging Society

With the global trend of population aging, how to integrate the health needs of elderly people into public open space (POS) development while taking into account public interest is a major challenge in the 21st century. Although the issues of elderly people’s health and their POS needs are receiving increasing attention, research on continuous improvement strategies for POS for healthy aging societies is still limited. Hence, this study explored continuous improvement strategies thoroughly and systematically by using the DANP-V model. The findings revealed cognitive differences between expert and elderly groups. Moreover, water features, waste management, and co-maintenance spaces were the three criteria with the largest gap value. POS improvement has previously been implemented based on a priority order ranked from the criterion with largest gap value to the criterion with the smallest one. However, an alternative approach based on the cause–effect relationship is proposed in this paper. The study findings have both theoretical and practical implications for POS planners and designers.

대구광역시 공개공지 조성실태와 개선방향에 관한 연구

대구광역시 공개공지 조성실태와 개선방향에 관한 연구

Public Funding and Open Access to Research: A Review of Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Research.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, is the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological damage in young adults. Canada has one of the highest reported incidents of MS, with estimates between 55 and 240 per 100,000 individuals. Between 2009 and 2014, the MS Society of Canada provided over Can $90 million to researchers and, since 2013, has encouraged researchers to make both current and previous research products openly available.ObjectiveThe goal of the study was to determine the open access (OA) cost implications and repository policies of journals frequently used by a sample of MS researchers. This study benchmarked current publishing preferences by MS Society of Canada researchers by examining the OA full-text availability of journal articles written by researchers funded between 2009 and 2014.MethodsResearchers were identified from the 2009 to 2014 annual MS Society of Canada Research Summaries. Articles were identified through searches in Web of Science, Scopus, Medline and Embase (both via OVID). Journal level analysis included comparison of OA policies, including article processing charges (APCs) and repository policies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 758 articles analyzed in this study, of which 288 (38.0%) were OA articles. The majority of authors were still relying on journal policies for deposit in PubMed Central or availability on publisher websites for OA. Gold OA journals accounted for 10.2% of the journals in this study and were associated with significantly lower APCs (US $1900) than in hybrid journals (US $3000). Review of the journal self-archiving options highlighted the complexity of stipulations that authors would have to navigate to legally deposit a version of their article.ConclusionsThis study found that there are currently researcher- and publisher-imposed barriers to both the gold and green roads to OA. These results provide a current benchmark against which efforts to enhance openness can be measured and can serve as a reference point in future assessments of the impact of OA policies within this field. With funding agencies worldwide releasing OA mandates, future success in compliance will require changes to how researchers and publishers approach production and dissemination of research.

Defining North Carolina's Public Records and Open Meetings Fee-Shifting Provisions in the Larger National Context

North Carolina’s Public Records and Open Meetings laws both provide for awards of attorney’s fees in certain situations. The Public Records law awards fees to a plaintiff who “substantially prevails” and a government defendant who is sued in bad faith or on a frivolous basis. The Open Meetings law awards fees to any party that “prevails.” These fee awards act as an incentive (or disincentive) for litigants to pursue these “open government” cases. Such awards are the exception to the general North Carolina rule that a party bears the burden of paying its own attorney’s fees. There is very limited appellate case law interpreting when a party should receive such an award of attorney’s fees. This limited case law is exacerbated by the recent modification of the plaintiffs’ fee-shifting provision in the Public Records law. While appellate treatment of this issue is limited, there is a larger body of trial court decisions and persuasive case law on point. There are also materially similar fee-shifting provisions elsewhere in the North Carolina General Statutes that can provide guidance on how North Carolina courts treat fee shifting. This Article examines these and other sources in pursuit of a better understanding of when a plaintiff or defendant in an open government case might expect to receive an award of attorney’s fees and, when appropriate, makes recommendations about how courts and practitioners should treat these provisions moving forward.

A Street for Hope: New Functions for the Landscape of Car

Hope Street is currently under its final construction step before public opening. Located between two Children's Hospitals, one of them considered a regional reference for cancer treatment, the street formerly named Alberto Montezuma was at first destined to receive a plan for tree planting. With the support from Fortaleza's Municipality, this initial plan turned into an opportunity to reach results beyond green amenity. By rethinking the street as a green infrastructure, it evolved to a truly innovative concept of multifunctional lane. The design methodology was very inclusive by assessing the expectative of all decision makers, but it payed close attention to the wishes of children under cancer treatment. When asked to draw the ideal street of their own, most of them had a rainbow on their sketches. The rainbow was transferred from these drawings to the street design blueprints as a symbol of balanced diversity among all possible uses and visions of a remodeled public open space. It also became the identity of a street where hope is multicolored: red for the desire to reunite the healthy and the impaired and also drivers, bikers and strollers; orange for the wish to renovate energy for the hospital staff on the duty of healing; yellow for the optimism to restore recreation on streets; green for the concern of urban forestry as a possibility of reconnection between man and nature; blue for the belief in the need of joy to recover from illness; indigo for the restoration of nature processes in stormwater management; and finally violet for an achievement of change through transdisciplinary cooperation.

Building Knowledge Graph of the Korea Administrative District for Interlinking Public Open Data

Building Knowledge Graph of the Korea Administrative District for Interlinking Public Open Data

Public Open Spaces in North Sumatra Province

Since the regions in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, become more urbanized, commercial centers grow up. In contrast, public open space (POS) tends to decline. In this condition, the study aim is to explore the public life that goes on. Through field observation, the research collected physical quality of POS and the variation and intensity of activities that community did there. The results showed that almost all of the POS design did not refer to the criteria of successful POS. However, people utilize the POS intensively and meet their needs, both in the good and poor quality of the POS. 2398-4295 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Public life; public open space; small towns; North Sumatra

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PUBLIK DI KELURAHAN TLOGOSARI KULON, KECAMATAN PEDURUNGAN KOTA SEMARANG

However, Public Open Green Space in Semarang City iss only 7.5% the law stipulates that Act every city must have a minimum 20% Open Green Space. This study describe about how the regulation of Open Green Space Planning in Semarang City is, Number 7 Year 2010 about Open Green Space Planning. The purpose of this study is to see how the Implementation of Open Green Space Planning in West Tlogosari is and What are the factors that influence the implementation of open green space of public in Semarang city. This Research is Qualitative Descriptive. Based on the result of the study shows that the implementation of open green space planning in Semarang City consist of planning, utilizing and controling. There are founded the obstacle factor of open green space planning in West Tlogosari, that are not achieving the 20% of Public Green Space, the high price of land, the competence of human resources, uneficient communication interagency, and awarness of society about the needs of public open green space. Semarang Municipal Goverment is suggested to achieve ‘short-term- target of 20% public Open Green Space area, negotiate the price of land with societies, provide training about the implementation of Open Green Space Planning, make the flexible coordination rules, and give information about the Open Green Space to the societies and create an activities to get participation of societies in Implementing of Open Green Space Planning in West Tlogosari, Distric Pedurungan, Semarang City.

공개공지 인센티브 용적률 가치 연구 - 서울시 성동구 지식산업센터 사례 -

공개공지 인센티브 용적률 가치 연구 - 서울시 성동구 지식산업센터 사례 -

公共开放空间远程桌面评价工具评介

公共开放空间远程桌面评价工具评介

Spatial Analysis of Existing Public Open Space for Evacuation Area During Secondary Earthquake; A Case Study: Sukahaji Village, Bandung

Population living in highly densed settlements in urban area is considered vulnerable to earthquake risk due to limited space exists in the area. To reduce population risks to aftershock earthquake in highly dense settlements, this paper applied simple simulation based on supply-demand concepts in order to understand carrying capacity of current open space for people to evacuate. The case study takes place in one of the most densed populated areas in Bandung City under aftershock earthquake.. The research integrates multi-sources of data: sattelite image, building footprint and GPS field survey to produce detailed landuse. The results show that open spaces that exist in the study area is not able to contain all residents when an aftershock occurs. Finally, this paper recommends some strategies that are necessary to reduce the risks in highly densed urban areas.

Using the Public Open Space Attributable Index tool to assess children’s public open space use and access by independent mobility

This study examined associations between public open space (POS) attributes and children’s use, and independent mobility to, POS in Auckland, New Zealand. Overall 240 children aged 9–12 years and their parents/caregivers participated. Data were sourced from child travel diaries and parent telephone interviews. The Public Open Spaces Attributable Index (POSAI) assessed POS quality and quantity. Associations were examined between age, sex, ethnicity, parental licence of freedom score, and POSAI with: (1) child trips to POS and (2) independently mobile trips to POS. Children made a total of 68 trips to POS over a seven-day period; 35 of these were independently mobile. Child ethnicity was related to child trips to POS. Independent trips to POS differed by ethnicity and parental licence of freedom. This research utilised a new tool, the POSAI, to examine associations of POS use and independent mobility in children living in urban neighbourhoods.

Public open space desktop auditing tool—Establishing appropriateness for use in Australian regional and urban settings

Features of public open space (POS) have traditionally been described using on-site direct observation, but recently, low-cost and time-efficient remote desktop auditing tools have been developed. We adapted an existing, validated desktop auditing tool (the Public Open Space Desktop Auditing Tool: POSDAT) and tested it in a pilot sample of regional and metropolitan settings in Victoria, Australia. Using Google Maps and Street View, local government webpages, the National Public Toilet Registry and spatial data, we captured POSDAT items in 171 POS across 17 suburbs, of which 9 were regional. POSDAT items such as presence of waterbirds, wildlife, grass reticulation and dog signage, were not reliably observable. Using a limited sample, the majority of POSDAT items (n=39) had a high intra-rater reliability score (between 80 and 100%) with an average agreement of 87%. We found that older and lower resolution Google Street View imagery available for some outer regional areas and the inconsistency of detail in information on local government webpages hindered a consistent assessment of POS. Thus, POSDAT, based on the spatial data applied in this study, is appropriate for use in metropolitan but not regional settings.

Research on Quality Characteristics of Public Open Data

The object of opening a public data is to make them freely used by public so as to improve quality of civil life and activate new industry and job creation. Opening a public data is a policy that has been importantly emphasized around the world and active policy for public open data is creating successful cases. Public open data needs proper quality to achieve public objects. However, quality management and a lack of standardization cause error data found and a lack of availability, and a lack of guideline about quality. This research figures out quality characteristics necessary for public open data through analysis and verifies establishment of model through survey of professionals. Quality characteristics of public open data verified by survey are publicity, availability, credibility, and suitability. It has its significance for suggestion of quality characteristics necessary for improvement of quality and availability of public open data.

14 Public Sphere and Open Society from the Perspective of Axial Age China

Abstract The open society together with a pluralistic public sphere is a cornerstone of modernity and a necessary element of democracy. However, it has been maintained that the possibility of such a society depends on liberal convictions that are not applicable to non-Western cultures and also contradict the Confucian value orientation. The article argues that such an assumption is based on a number of problematic premises. There is no one-sided dependence of the socio-political system on culture, and the contemporary Chinese society is much too diverse to be dominated by Confucian values. Moreover, China’s cultural history and also Confucianism can be brought into the debate in yet another way than as a negative factor inhibiting and restricting an open society. There is textual evidence that forms of open society existed already in ancient China. Though they were not always supported by the elite, China’s intellectual heritage offers enough points of reference in order to refute the claim that the open society is an alien element in Chinese culture.

Public Life of Small Towns Public Open Spaces in North Sumatra Province

The urbanization process that change urban space and people also goes on in small towns in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. As the region becomes more urbanized, commercial centers grow up. In contrast, public open space tends to decline. In this condition, the study aim is to explore the public life that goes on. The research indicates that almost POS was not designed based on common criteria of successful POS in those of developed countries. However, people utilize the POS intensively and meet people needs. The using grade of the POS shows that there is no a significant different between well-design and poor design POS.

Social and Physical Environmental Factors Influencing Adolescents' Physical Activity in Urban Public Open Spaces: A Qualitative Study Using Walk-Along Interviews.

Most previous studies examining physical activity in Public Open Spaces (POS) focused solely on the physical environment. However, according to socio-ecological models the social environment is important as well. The aim of this study was to determine which social and physical environmental factors affect adolescents’ visitation and physical activity in POS in low-income neighbourhoods. Since current knowledge on this topic is limited, especially in Europe, qualitative walk-along interviews were used to obtain detailed and context-specific information. Participants (n = 30, aged 12–16 years, 64% boys) were recruited in POS in low-income neighbourhoods in Brussels, Ghent and Antwerp (Belgium). Participants were interviewed while walking in the POS with the interviewer. Using this method, the interviewer could observe and ask questions while the participant was actually experiencing the environment. All audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using Nvivo 10 software and thematic analysis was used to derive categories and subcategories using a grounded theory approach. The most important subcategories that were supportive of visiting POS and performing physical activity in POS were; accessibility by foot/bicycle/public transport, located close to home/school, presence of (active) friends and family, cleanliness of the POS and features, availability of sport and play facilities, large open spaces and beautiful sceneries. The most important subcategories that were unsupportive of visiting POS and physical activity in POS were; presence of undesirable users (drug users, gangs and homeless people), the behaviour of other users and the cleanliness of the POS and features. Social factors appeared often more influential than physical factors, however, it was the combination of social and physical factors that affected adolescents’ behaviour in POS. Easily accessible POS with high quality features in the proximity of adolescents’ home or school may stimulate physical activity, if adolescents also experience a safe and familiar social environment.

The Presence of Temporary Public Open Space in Jakarta

<p>Population development and growth have triggered the needs of public space. Unfortunately, the existence of public open space is increasingly neglected. Limited land also triggers the use of public open space for various activities depending on the users needs who occupy the space interchangeably, which is called temporary public open space. The existence of temporary public open space in Jakarta has created the negative impact, that damaging the environment in the form of imbalances in ecological, social, and economic aspects. The purpose of this research is to formulate conceptual frameworkof a sustainable temporary public open space considering the balance of ecological, social, and economic aspects.The research conducted qualitativelyin the form of field observation and interviewingthe local people in order to understand comprehensively the phenomenon of existing temporary public open space. The result of this research shows that the presence of temporary public open space is influenced by the temporal aspect and user’s behaviors. For that reason, community empowerment is needed.<br />Keywords: Public open space, Concept, Function, Temporary</p>