Public Policy Management Research Articles

Incarceration and the Law: Cases and Materials (Table of Contents and Ch. 1 Excerpt)

This posts a table of contents and much of the first chapter to a fully overhauled, updated, and expanded edition of the leading case book on incarceration. The case book examines the complex legal regime that defines prisoners’ rights. Mass incarceration in America creates a host of controversies at the crossroads of constitutional liberty, legislation, public policy, and prison management. It considers those issues from diverse perspectives by presenting an array of materials: Supreme Court and leading lower court caselaw, statutes, litigation materials, professional standards, academic commentary, prisoner writing, and more. (There is also an associated website, http://incarcerationlaw.com, which offers additional open sources, supplementing the book for those who own it and providing a freestanding repository of materials for those who do not. Chapter 1 provides background on American jails and prisons (What’s the difference between a jail and a prison? What is incarceration supposed to accomplish? How do prison abolitionists conceptualize and justify their goals? How did American incarceration develop?) It provides longitudinal and contemporary statistics. Finally, it offers narrative and case law background on the development of the modern conception of prisoners’ rights.

PENERIMAAN DAN RESISTENSI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN TRANSPORTASI ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA BANDUNG

This study aims to explain the implementation of public transportation management policies by the Bandung City Government, particularly from the perspective of public acceptance and resistance to government policies. With a qualitative research design, it was found that the policy implementation encountered obstacles of low enthusiasm and less public acceptance. The policy does not create new substantial things, so people consider it only to replace the old situation. As a result, the process of change is slow, and it only becomes a circular and incremental change. To improve the policy, it is necessary to make binding rules in the form of mayor regulations on minimum standards for public transport services and regional regulations on transportation development master plans as guidelines in restructuring public transport routes so that they do not overlap.
 Keywords: Policy Implementation; Public Acceptance; Public Resistance; Public Transportation Arrangement

The Relationship Between Social Expectations and Management's Public Policies in Times of Crisis

Various problems arise in almost every country. These crises, which have a wide-ranging influence on society; irregularities in income distribution, terrorism, activities of criminal organizations, intolerance of various segments of society, abuse at the state level, restriction of liberties, epidemic diseases, natural disasters. Each crisis causes different results in society. Social problems can cause people to act in search of ways to benefit from this situation to maintain the existing standard of living since it affects living conditions. Also, they may give illegal reactions to protect themselves against social security problems that may arise. Perception, approach, problems arising from attitudes, and perplexing relationships are formed between public expectations, and public policies created by the management during times of crisis. For managers who have a voice in a country's administration to make the right decisions and implement them, they should know the characteristics of their society, their needs, expectations, and what their problems are.

Getting the COVID-19 pandemic into perspective: a nursing imperative.

As we approach the seventh month of the latest pandemic to wreak havoc and death across all societies, it beggars belief that many world and national leaders have acted surprised at the speed and destructive efficiency of COVID‐19. Nurses are not surprised by the level of misery and devastation that infectious diseases can cause. We have seen it all before. In every outbreak through history, nurses have responded to the dangers that direct engagement with such crises entails. The inherent risks nurses face in controlling potentially fatal pathogens are compounded by flaccid public policy and incompetent management, resulting in poorly resourced preparedness for the epidemics and pandemics that routinely punctuate our history. That nurses are repeatedly placed in such precarious work environments is an indictment on all involved. Over time, nurses responding to populations in crisis have learned not to rely too heavily on those occupying leadership positions for front‐line resources and protection or even early warnings or open disclosure about contagion risk, case numbers and outcomes. Once the danger has passed, the usual public expressions of gratitude for nurses who put themselves in harm’s way to help victims of these catastrophes seem to fade, amid hasty efforts to consolidate policies, processes and hierarchies back to the same settings that allowed the current crisis to flourish. So far in this pandemic, an unconfirmed number of nurses and other health workers have either died usually as a result of their involvement with infectious patients or become infected themselves. Data collection on this is haphazard at best, with nurse deaths absorbed within the aggregated morbidity data reported on during pandemics. This is despite nurses being the prominent professional workforce providing crucial front‐line interventions to protect public health. It is time nurses involved themselves with the overdue reformation of public health policies, information management and health systems that would seek to return nurses to precarious work environments and trivialize foreseeable risks to us, our communities and patients.

Dynamic aspect in territory sustainable development management: The case of the Volga macroregion

. The paper assesses sustainable development dynamic aspects in territorial management. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of territorial management based on the principles of sustainable development and the need to scrutinize the socio-environmental and economic potential of the territories in order to create conditions for the full use of available resources without compromising the quality of life of current and future generations. Methodologically, the study rests on the concept of sustainable development, resource theory of economic systems, the dynamic approach to management, and the methodology for constructing integrated indicators and systems of indicators. In the article, the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, statistical observation, etc. are applied. Having shown the advantages and disadvantages of integral indicators found in Russian and foreign studies, the authors focus on selecting official statistics data that adequately reflect the state of the economy, population health and welfare, as well as natural capital. An increase in the level of welfare and population social development, while maintaining environmental sustainability, is regarded as the criterion of sustainability. Addressing the case of the Volga macroregion, we characterize the current state of regional development and scrutinize the dynamic aspect, namely the long-term development trajectory of each of the 17 regions. The research analyzes the growth rates of sustainable development indicators for the period of 2010–2017. The study reveals significant differences in the dynamics across the regions. The Republic of Tatarstan and Nizhny Novgorod oblast demonstrate a positive trend in all the components at initially high values, while the Republic of Kalmykia shows the worst dynamics at low values. The authors conclude that the system of indicators is preferable to the integral indicator and the system for assessing the effectiveness of long-term measures of public policy and related management decisions.

Educação ambiental na percepção de professores de escolas públicas, localizadas em Jaramataia/AL, Brasil

RESUMO: A Educação Ambiental pode ser entendida como toda ação educativa que contribui para a formação de cidadãos conscientes da preservação do ambiente. Nas escolas, a Educação Ambiental contribui para a formação dos alunos para que possam aprender a amar, respeitar e praticar ações voltadas à conservação ambiental. A partir dessa perspectiva, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção de professores, quanto à importância da abordagem sobre Educação Ambiental em duas escolas públicas do município de Jaramataia – AL. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado a dez professores de diferentes disciplinas das duas instituições educacionais. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: na primeira, realizou-se uma visita pré-avaliativa às escolas para reconhecimento e apresentação do corpo docente da mesma; na segunda, houve a aplicação dos questionários; e na terceira etapa, ocorreu a análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados verificados neste estudo apontam que os professores reconhecem a Educação Ambiental como uma temática de fundamental importância para ser trabalhada em sala de aula, junto com seus alunos, porém os docentes restringem o conceito dessa temática apenas à perspectiva da conservação do ambiente e da conscientização dos alunos. Além disso, a partir das respostas dadas pelos professores entrevistados percebe-se que, a aplicabilidade da EA nas escolas é comprometida por uma série de dificuldades e desafios que, muitas vezes, perpassam o âmbito meramente escolar, ao passo que as políticas públicas de gestão não oferecem subsídios suficientes para que tanto as escolas quantos seus docentes sintam-se preparados para trabalhar essa temática, de modo que contemplem as realidades dos educandos e do meio que integram.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: percepção ambiental, docentes, rede pública de ensino.

Citizen participation in the formulation and management of public policies - practical case: Municipality of Sucre

This research paper presents the issue of citizen participation at the low participation in the formulation, development, implementation and control. Public policies promote a better quality life, the solution of society`s specific problems and demands related to priorized needs. Thus, public policies must be directed to an excellent development and institutional enforcement to satisfy the needs of a constantly growing society. This paper collected the perception of citizen participation in the Management of Public Policy in relation to the rulers and the ruled (Citizenship with the different levels of government). This research aims to improve public participation in the formulation, development, implementation and control, at different levels of government to contribute to the quality of Public Policy Management in the Municipality of Sucre.

PLANTAS ÚTILES DE LOS PATIOS DE SANTO DOMINGO, OCOTITLÁN, TEPOZTLÁN, MORELOS, MÉXICO

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The patios are traditional productive units that provide plants with multiple use value to the rural families of Mexico. However, capitalism promotes its deterioration and violates food security. <strong>Objetive.</strong> Analyze the useful plants of the courtyards to the families of Santo Domingo Ocotitlán in Tepoztlán, Morelos, Mexico. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Ethnobotanical knowledge was documented of 27 open interviews, guided tours and collection of botanical material for identification; the Cultural Value Indices (CVI) and medicinal diversity (MDV) of each plant were calculated. <strong>Results.</strong> 94 species belonging to 45 botanical families were recorded, Rosaceae highlighted (11.1%). Ten use values were recorded, with food (37.2%) and medicinal (29.7%) standing out. The medicinal plants treat 27 diseases classified in 10 categories, highlighting: digestive system (35.5%) and respiratory system (22.6%). 90% of the species are destined for self-sufficiency. The plants with the highest CVI were: <em>Persea americana</em> and <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> (0.47). The species with the highest MDV was <em>Aloe vera</em> (0.19).<strong> Implications. </strong>The information generated in this research must be included in public management, conservation and social welfare policies.<strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>.</strong> The traditional patios studied provide environmental goods and services to the peasant families of Santo Domingo.</p>

¿Fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad pública? Una mirada a un nuevo rol del Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP) de Guatemala

The following notes review the institutional history of the public management policies in Guatemala from the last two decades of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century. It addresses the dynamics of the development paradigm shift of the eighties as the synchronous marker that places the first years of INAP in the context of the modernization of the State of Guatemala. This essay does not seek to critically answer the questions it raises; nor does it seek to become an administrative, political, and strategic diagnosis of INAP; however, seek to find those reasons capable of constructing the reasons for a future Institutional Agenda attached to the original frameworks of its creation.

Visualizing implementation: contextual and organizational support mapping of stakeholders (COSMOS)

BackgroundWhile stakeholder mapping is common in public policy, social sciences, and business management, this tool has not often been used in healthcare settings. We developed a new method of healthcare stakeholder mapping, which we call Contextual and Organizational Support Mapping of Stakeholders (COSMOS), to identify and assess key stakeholders in an implementation project. Stakeholder mapping allows the implementation team to assess and visually display all relevant stakeholders, their support for the project, and their ability to facilitate—or hinder—project implementation.MethodsThe COSMOS model was developed to visualize the stakeholders involved in a hospital-based study conducted from 2013–2016. In this study, a new screen prompt and order set were embedded in the electronic health record to facilitate the identification and treatment of adult smokers admitted to the hospital. Physicians were the unit of randomization; physician behavior and tobacco quit rates among patients were followed for 1 year. Qualitative interviews with hospital administration, physicians, and information technology (IT) personnel (n=24) were conducted to identify the components and characteristics of the COSMOS.ResultsThe COSMOS consists of an organizational chart identifying all key stakeholders, with manipulation of colors and borders of the component boxes to indicate stakeholder support for the implementation project, and degree of criticality to its success. The COSMOS visualization informed the team’s subsequent work by identifying potential impediments that might require additional attention to garner and maintain support throughout the project. In addition, the approach has proved to be a useful tool to explain these concepts to trainees in implementation science.ConclusionThe COSMOS schematic provides a visually rich means of identifying stakeholders, understanding their relationships to each other, displaying their level of support for the proposed implementation, and noting their criticality to the effort. The COSMOS can support researchers, project teams, administrators, and others engaged with implementation science-related work in healthcare, as well as other fields such as education, government, and industry.

South Korea’s fast response to coronavirus disease: implications on public policy and public management theory

ABSTRACT The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was identified on 20 January 2020. South Korea’s blended response of quick action and technological innovations has proven effective in containing the COVID-19 outbreak and can offer lessons for other countries. This paper presents a review of the administrative and legal measures taken by the Korean government, a discussion on the lessons learned from previous epidemics and disasters, and an overview of the government’s agile testing and containment strategies. The paper ends with a discussion on the implications of Korea’s responses to public policy and public management theory.

Impact of Depression in Teenage Pregnancy [17K

INTRODUCTION: Teenage pregnancy remains a public health concern. Maternal complications include increased C-section and instrumental deliveries. Infant complications include preterm births and neonatal death. Societal implications seen in teenage mothers include increased financial burden, unemployment, poor academic achievement, and physical abuse. In this study, we investigated a correlation between a diagnosed adolescent depression and pregnancy during adolescence (<20 years old). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of female patients, under the age of 20, diagnosed with depression and/or adolescent pregnancy at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center clinics (including Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric, and Family Medicine clinics) in Amarillo, Texas from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 and conducted Z-test to analyze the statistical significance. IRB approval was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 490 teenage girls identified, 171 (34.9%) were pregnant but not depressed, 220 (44.9%) were depressed but not pregnant, and 99 (20.2%) were both depressed and pregnant. Of the 99 teenage girls, 35 (35.4%) of the patients had depression prior to pregnancy, 29 (29.3%) had PPD (postpartum depression), 19 (19.2%) had depression after conception without PPD, and 16 (16.2%) had depression after conception with unknown PPD. CONCLUSION: Research suggests that childbearing does not necessarily cause psychological distress among teenagers. However, after filtering out the data for PPD and those with indeterminate history, the result showed that teens were, on average, depressed first, and became pregnant after. This research shows that depression remains an important risk factor for teen pregnancy. Public policy and medical management should be encouraged to address this.

Антимонопольный комплаенс – профилактика компаниями рисков нарушения конкурентного законодательства

<span>В статье рассматриваются риски нарушений конкурентного законодательства России и возможности профилактики этих нарушений компаниями благодаря реализации института антимонопольного комплаенса (соответствия). Представлено определение комплаенса, описывается зарубежный опыт адвокатирования этого института, в том числе</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>при нарушениях конкурентного законодательства. На основе опыта реализации комплаенс-систем в России описаны этапы внедрения, потенциальные выгоды и эффекты для бизнеса. Отражены нормативно-правовые инициативы по институциализации политики комплаенса в действующем законодательстве. Залогом успеха комплаенс-программы компании является публичная политика менеджмента, обеспечивающая ей статус драйвера конкурентной культуры. Актуальность представленного материала подтверждается принятым 01.03.2020 Федеральным законом № 33-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Федеральный</span><span class="annotation-reference"> </span><span>закон “О защите конкуренции”».</span>

Knowledge as a fictitious commodity: a Polanyian reading of the 'digital economy'

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the attempts to use Karl Polanyi's framework to make sense of current developments have multiplied, producing a noticeable and lively debate. This debate centres on the notion of double movement put forward by the Hungarian thinker in his masterpiece – The Great Transformation. The paper is a contribution to this debate. The first part addresses a series of questions that make the interpretations of the double movement advanced so far not very compelling. To this end, a close reading of Polanyi's text, with the aim of dismantling and rearticulating its analytical structure, is carried out. The upshot is a dynamic and multistage picture of the double process as a recurrent and vortex-like attempt to progressively commodify natural and social resources against growing opposition. The second part employs this revised reading of the double movement to explain the collapse of the postwar consensus politics, the success of the neoliberal counterrevolution and the development of the knowledge economy. The claim put forward here is that, in addition to sustained efforts to deepen previous forms of commodification (land, labour and money), we are witnessing a fullblown attempt to turn knowledge into a new fictitious commodity. Building on the idea of digital Taylorism, the paper tries to show that information and computer technologies are being used to standardise and routinise a growing number of intellectual, professional and managerial activities which were able to escape previous attempts in this direction. Once again, at the forefront of this process there are powerful state actors, who are using New Public Management policies strategically to: support the enclosure of intangible cultural resources through the creation of intellectual property rights regimes, and undermine the counter-reaction of negatively affected societal actors by rising the collective action problems they face.

Implementation of Smart Grids: Limitations and Regulations

Smart grids change the business model of power companies for the benefit of the end consumer. Today, one of the challenges facing the electricity sector in Peru is meeting the demand and energy consumption of society due to urban and industrial growth. This research aimed to analyze the current situation of smart power grids; as well as the viability of the implementation of projects of these networks taking into account the restrictions and considerations within the legal framework in the Peruvian territory. The relevance of these projects will provide electricity to less favored sectors of society and will make current services more efficient. The research is based on a hermeneutical study structured in three stages. First, an analysis of the implementation in Peru. Second, challenges to implement Smart grids in Peru. Third, regulations for the implementation of Smart grids. Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of Smart Grids must be part of the government's public management policy, taking into account the advantages, vulnerabilities and an appropriate form of regulation in the implementation of these new technologies.

Políticas para la gestión de la educación pública obligatoria en Uruguay

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar la gestión de las políticas educativas públicas de Uruguay, tomando como marco temporal de referencia, dos hitos identificados como relevantes: (i) el período 1995-2004 que denominaremos “Reforma Rama” y (ii) el período 2005-2018, que llamaremos “Administración FA”. Para abordar y analizar ambos períodos hemos utilizado el modelo de Subirats et al (2012), el cual define una serie de momentos en los ciclos de las políticas públicas - que en este caso - asociaremos a las educativas. Desde esta perspectiva, las políticas públicas son consideradas un “flujo continuo de decisiones y procedimientos a los que se trata de darle sentido” (Subirats et al., 2012, p. 33). Esta perspectiva permite establecer algunos parámetros comunes desde los cuales analizar dos momentos históricos diferentes. Identificar los temas jerarquizados como “relevantes” o “problemáticos” que requieren solución; situar el lugar que estos temas tomaron en la agenda pública nacional; analizar la formulación y gestión de programas que surgieron, e identificar las propuestas de evaluación que fueron definidas e implementadas para realizar su seguimiento y evaluar su impacto. El modelo de análisis utilizado ha permitido abordar temas sustanciales de la agenda educativa dentro de la franja obligatoria. Todos los componentes innovadores analizados requirieron para su puesta en marcha del diseño de las políticas públicas, la revisión de las normativas vigentes y el fortalecimiento de la gestión para su implementación. El estudio ha permitido identificar los procesos de articulación o disrupción que se generaron entre ambos ciclos, como forma de analizar las capacidades locales para producir sinergias entre los diferentes procesos innovadores puestos en marcha durante las últimas décadas.

Impact of mining activities on areas of environmental protection in the southwest of the Amazon: A GIS- and remote sensing-based assessment

The southwest Brazilian Amazon state of Rondônia has a relatively recent non-indigenous occupation, which subsequently develops a variety of human pressures and conflicts of interest presently identified in the region. Given such framework, it is worthwhile to note that there are 57 Conservation Units that must guarantee the biodiversity protection of Amazonia biome. However, due to the need for electricity and the international high demand for minerals, the highlighted scenario has dramatically changed in recent years. Official data from mining processes in the studied area demonstrated the existence of high interest for minerals, especially cassiterite and gold. Mining is indeed an essential activity for the nation mainly due to the generation of jobs and income. On the other hand, it produces several environmental and social impacts that vary accordingly to the peculiarities of the mining and with respect to the type of ore. Therefore, this research work investigated the concentration of mining projects in the state of Rondônia and complementarily evaluated the impact of such activities on areas of environmental protection. Landsat 8 OLI imageries were employed to map the diversity of land covers across the study area and also to evaluate the corresponding impact of mining activities. More than 500 processes have been identified within the Conservation Units. A significant part of the mining areas, covering about 26 km2, was observed inside one of the three types of evaluated areas (Integral Protection Sustainable Use Conservation Units and Damping Zone), clearly showing the development of the illegal activity, as defined in terms of the National System of Conservation Units. If deforestation is considered in this analysis, the area increases to about 6110 km2, representing more than 5.2% of the Conservation Units. In addition, we proposed the creation of the Mining Pressure Index (MPI), which allows classifying a Conservation Unit by the degree of pressure from mining activities. The proposed index revealed to be very efficient since it predicted high values over Conservation Units where it was expected a greater vulnerability. The index is a promising tool for public policy formulation and management of protected areas, as well as for enforcement action. The results provide a new horizon in terms of the perspective of importance and applicability of geotechnologies in the evaluation of environmental impacts, not restricted to mining activity.

Gestión de políticas públicas en salud: Mujeres migrantes en una ciudad de la Patagonia, Argentina

Este trabajo busca caracterizar la gestión cotidiana de la política pública en salud que tiene como destinatarias a mujeres migrantes de zonas rurales de Bolivia en una ciudad de la Patagonia, Argentina. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre los años 2016 y 2018 en dos centros de atención primaria de salud, ubicados en barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia, a través del acompañamiento en las tareas cotidianas de efectoras de salud, encuentros, charlas y entrevistas con profesionales, funcionarios y mujeres migrantes. Se evidencia una política focalizada y tutelar en lo que respecta a la salud de migrantes, que vela una lectura generizada, etnicizada, de clase social y generacional, fundamentando técnicas de control y subjetivación, que en algunos casos se presentan disputadas. Desde un enfoque etnográfico, aportes de la antropología de la salud, del Estado y una perspectiva de género interseccional se da cuenta de la producción y gestión del riesgo, así como de sus tensiones en contextos de desigualdad.

Fast‐food addiction and anti‐consumption behaviour: The moderating role of consumer social responsibility

AbstractThis study aims to understand the drivers of fast‐food addiction and the role of consumer social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between fast‐food addiction and anti‐consumption. Due to growing health concerns, an increasing number of consumers have been avoiding the consumption of fast food. Based on a sample of 539 respondents, all pertaining to generation Y in Pakistan, this study tests a model including addiction and anti‐consumption behaviour. Empirical results provide strong evidence that individual and sociocultural factors together with advertising practices influence consumers’ fast‐food addiction. Results also reveal that CSR moderates the relationship between fast‐food addiction and anti‐consumption behaviour. Interestingly, the present study pioneers the discussion on how addiction can drive anti‐consumption. The findings can help public policy makers and managers to understand consumers’ anti‐consumption tendencies and help promote healthier consumption habits.

Fortalecimento dos conselhos escolares no cenário da gestão democrática da rede municipal de ensino de Santa Maria – RS

The article is a result of the studies realized in the research of the Gestar / CNPq group, and is one of the productions of the professional master's program of the Post-Graduate Program in Public Policies and Educational Management of the Federal University of Santa Maria. It approaches the principles of democratic management based on the performance and strengthening of school councils in the Municipal Public Schools of the Santa Maria / RS. In this context, this research prioritized to understand how the work of the school councils in the Municipal Public Schools is configured, in the perspective of democratic management, in order to contribute with guidelines for the strengthening of these collegiate bodies. In the course of the research, was verified that the concept of educational management results from a change of attitude of work in the context of the institutions. It was concluded that with the formation of the members of the school councils it becomes possible to build and consolidate the identity of the school, in the sense of, mainly, to constitute itself as an institution of democratic nature, participatory and that values the sociocultural plurality.