Public Man Research Articles

Frederick Douglass (review)

BOOK REVIEWS Frederick Douglass. By William S. McFeely. (New York: Norton, 1991. Pp. 465. $24.95.) For over fifty years Frederick Douglass captured the attention of the nation with his charm and an uncompromising commitment to freedom and equality. More than any other black man of his era he was able to gain the respect of men and women of prominence and influence. And he skillfully used those relationships to further his own definition of liberty, not simply for those of African descent (with whom he was primarily concerned), but for all. Several biographies of Douglass have been written over the years. One of the most comprehensive—authored by Benjamin Quarles—appeared over forty years ago but continues to be recognized for its sound scholarship . One might suspect that little more that is substantive could be uncovered about a man who has been so thoroughly studied. Remarkably, Professor McFeely's book proves otherwise. Frederick Douglass attempts to capture the essence of a man who was as complex as the period in which he lived. This is a lively, intimate study of a very public man and the inner forces that compelled him to move beyond the world of most former slaves. In Frederick Douglass, McFeely has found a dual personality of sorts: there is both the former slave who dared to think himself equal (if not sometimes superior) to any man or woman, and the insecure person who seemed preoccupied at times with proving his greatness to himself and to the world. McFeely addresses virtually every facet of the great orator's life: his earliest years of enslavement on Maryland's Eastern Shore and in Baltimore ; the tumultuous days as a lecturer on the antislavery circuit, where he enthralled audiences with firsthand accounts of the workings of the South's "peculiar institution"; his involvement in the women's movement ; and his continuing demand for equality for his people after emancipation had been attained. Undeniably, Frederick Douglass, the charming, fearless crusader, is revealed in this biography, but McFeely also portrays a man who could be vain, arrogant, and "quick-tempered, alert to the smallest slight." As each chapter of his life unfolds, one gets a sense of the intense pride that shaped the character of this man. His insistence on being treated, above all, with dignity and respect was due BOOK REVIEWS79 in part to his belief that this was the basic right of all human beings. But beyond this, McFeely implies, Douglass was driven by a highly developed sense of the importance of his role as a leader of black America . Unencumbered by feelings of inferiority to whites, he insisted on independence of thought and action. And he sought the kind of public recognition that befitted his status as one of the most prominent members of his race. Consequently, Douglass pursued a number of government appointments, one of the few ways black men could gain recognition in late nineteenth-century America. Despite his steadfast loyalty to the Republican party, however, he was rewarded with only three positions: Marshall of the District of Columbia, Recorder of Deeds for the District, and Minister to Haiti. McFeely maintains that "each time a post eluded him, he grew more hungry to obtain one. Recognition became almost an obsession." The most intriguing aspect of McFeely's treatment of the Douglass story—and in many ways the most vexing because of a paucity of evidence—is his discussion of the relationships Douglass established throughout the years, especially with women. McFeely asserts that Douglass was "somewhat intellectually insecure" with men and therefore "looked to women as confidants, companions, and sources of strength." His beloved grandmother, Betsy Bailey, the woman charged with caring for him until he reached the age of six (a point at which he could be useful to his master), had instilled in him that sense of pride and purpose that remained with him throughout his life. But if Betsy Bailey, a strong, independent black woman, was the "central presence" in his early years, McFeely implies that in adulthood Douglass preferred the company of the adoring white women he met in the antislavery movement. That the friendships he forged with them may have involved more...

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis

The conscience of the eye: the design and social life of cities

With an eye toward the architecture, art, literature and technology of urban life one of America's observers of society gives us an incisive study of the search for shelter and the fear of exposure to strangers and new experience in Western culture - and how these two concerns have shaped the physical fabric of the city. author examines the development of urban society and structure from the ancient world to the present. His discussion takes the reader from the assembly hall of Athens to the Palladium Club, from Augustine's City of Gold to the Turkish baths of the lower east side, from 18th century English gardens to the housing projects of east Harlem and from Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy to subway graffiti. By the author of The Hidden Injuries of Class, The Fall of Public Man and Authority.

Incidents of my life: Edmund Ruffin's autobiographical essays

Edmund Ruffin (794-1865) is remembered as an innovative American agriculturalist and pioneer in soil chemistry- and as an advocate of Southern secession.Here, published for the first time, are the two surviving volumes of Ruffin's manuscript memoirs, written in 1851 with additions in 1853 and 1855. Unlike Ruffin's diaries begun four years later, Incidents of My Life presents the public man, the Ruffin he wanted outsiders and posteriy to see. The volumes recount his career as a scientific farmer, his writing of An Essay on Calcareous Manures, his editing of the Farmers' Register, and the beginnings of his involvement in reform movements in the 1850s.His recollections were intended as a moral record for his heirs, focusing on himself as a good example. Also included are Ruffin's memoirs of his two daughters who died in 1855 and, as an appendix, his account of the death of his mentor, Thomas Cocke, which are useful sources for mid-nineteenth-century social history.

Andrew e. barshay. State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1988. Pp. xx, 315. $38.00

Journal Article andrew e. barshay. State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1988. Pp. xx, 315. $38.00 Get access Barshay Andrew E.. State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1988. Pp. xx, 315. $38.00. Atsuko Hirai Atsuko Hirai Bates College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 96, Issue 1, February 1991, Pages 238–239, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/96.1.238 Published: 01 February 1991

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis.

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis.

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis

Evolution of metropolitan area networks to broadband ISDN

Broadband architecture and network evolution strategies based on interface standards emerging from the IEEE 802.6 MAN Committee and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) T1S1 and CCITT Working Groups on broadband integrated services digital networks (BISDN) are outlined. The recent history of both the MAN and BISDN standards activities is traced, and some of the motivations behind specific developments are discussed. In the context, local area networks (LANs) and MANs are compared and contrasted, with special attention given to requirements specific to a public MAN. The convergence of the MAN and BISDN protocols is examined. The benefits of commonality between these two standards are described in terms of lower-cost network architectures, and terminal equipment is examined. It is shown that broadband networks can exploit the synergy between 802.6-based MANs and wider-area BISDN networks, and that 802.6-based MANs can gracefully evolve into countrywide networks using BISDN asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching. Example networks are used to illustrate the evolution proposals. >

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis.

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis.

State and intellectual in imperial Japan: the public man in crisis

In this superbly written and eminently readable narrative, Andrew E. Barshay presents the contrasting lives of Nanbara Shigeru (1889-1974) and Hasegawa Nyoze-kan (1875-1969), illuminating the complex predicament of modern Japanese intellectuals and their relation to state and society. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, a powerful modern state began to emerge in Japan, and with it, the idea of a sphere of action. This sphere brought with it a new type of intellectual - a man whose role was to interpret and nationalize universal (and largely foreign) ideas and ideologies. Activity within the public sphere took many forms as Japanese intellectuals sought to define their changing roles. At no time was such public activity as intense as during the crisis years of later imperial and early postwar Japan.In contrasting case studies, Andrew E. Barshay presents the lives of two modern Japanese intellectuals, Nanbara Shigeru (1889-1974), professor of Western political thought at Tokyo Imperial University, and Hasegawa Nyozekan (1875-1969), a versatile independent journalist. Through their writings and experiences, Barshay examines the power of the idea of community in public life. He treats Nanbara's and Hasegawa's ideas and actions as they developed within the contexts of Western intellectual tradition and modern Japanese history. The result is a superbly written narrative that illuminates the complex predicament of modern Japanese intellectuals and their relation to the state and society. Barshay's work is ultimately a study of intellectual mobilization in a modern state, and of the price of national identity in the twentieth century.

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. By Andrew E. Barshay. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. xx, 315 pp. $38.00.

State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. By Andrew E. Barshay. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. xx, 315 pp. $38.00.

Henry R. Luce and the Rise of the American News Media

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Missionary's Son, 1898-1920 Chapter 3: Begins, 1921-1923 Chapter 4: Time Will Tell, 1923-1938 Chapter 5: Fortune and The March of Time, 1930-1936 Chapter 6: Mind-Guided Camera Magazine, 1933-1940 Chapter 7: From Publisher to Public Man, 1933-1940 Chapter 8: American Century, 1941-1950 Chapter 9: Lucean Decade and Its Detractors, 1950-1959 Chapter 10: Final Purposes, 1959-1967 Chapter 11: New Afterword to the Johns Hopkins Edition.

The Corrosive Constitutionalism of Edward S. Corwin

By the professional standards of today's academic world, Edward Samuel Corwin was an anomaly. Born in 1878, he earned his Ph.D. in history at the University of Pennsylvania. He became a professor of politics at Princeton University and later president of the Political Science Association. And at the time of his death in 1963, Corwin was one of the ten authorities on the Constitution and constitutional law most frequently cited in the opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Few scholars have ever crossed over into so many academic disciplines with such obvious success. But Edward Corwin was not simply a scholar silently scribbling in his study; he was a public man as well. As his last graduate student at Princeton, Clinton Rossiter, once put it, Corwin changed the minds of men in seats of power in Washington as in the seats of learning around the country.' Indeed, it is not too much to say, as Rossiter said, that American constitutional law-not just the law taught by professors, but the law

Abstracts

Abstracts

On the Nature of Professional Communication: Publication for Practitioners

Over the past 2 years, the editorial indulge in the luxury of holding par board of Social Work has placed an ticular opinions or viewpoints (without increasing emphasis on outreach to factual support) through the simple ex authors, especially to practitioners. pedient of professing to be a true believer This article, which presents one model or by citing the common sense basis of for articles, was written as a part their beliefs. Professionals also hold true of the board's ongoing activities in beliefs, but, because of their public man assisting authors. It is intended to date, the true beliefs must be verifiable demonstrate how authors might by methods that can withstand repeated organize existing materials. We hope scrutiny. Such validation or verification that the article will be useful to is necessary because professionals play authors, and we welcome comments on a critical role in the lives and well-being this and on other models. of their clientele. The cornerstone of epistemology is This is the second of two articles that that ideas that seek to claim the status of have as their focus encouraging practiknowledge must be verifiable. Much of doners to write for publication. In a prescience is given over to the processes vious issue of Social Work, the authors whereby this is accomplished. To para argued that publication is a practice role phrase Cornman (1981), knowledge can integral to the evolution of the profesbe defined, generally, as true belief or, sion and to the professional maturity of more specifically, as justified true belief, the individual practitioner (Williams & The general case resides within the Hopps, 1987). This article expands on realm of lay knowledge and may or may that idea by reviewing some technical not have a factual base but is, nonethe aspects of the publishing role, including less, true belief. The second instance, or suggestions for structuring ideas and justified true belief, lies within the prov the content, form, and style used in ince of professional knowledge and either theory-based or research-oriented theory. It follows then, that in addition to reports. The targets of this article are true belief, one must have sound those practitioners, new or experienced, evidence or reason for one's beliefs if who have not published in a scholarly they are to merit the status of justified journal or who have attempted to unsuctrue belief. cessfully and have given up. More For social workers there is an addi sophisticated readers may find solace tional test of knowledge as justified true in the efforts to bring greater uniformibelief that lies within the purview of our ty to article writing and add to the conpurpose and values. Knowledge em sensus about the scientific paradigm, ployed by social workers must promote The focus of this article will be on the the social good; contribute to change by methods a practitioner should use to defining or redefining social problems; communicate and share ideas effectivedemonstrate progress in reducing social ly with persons in the profession and in ills, including the reduction of individual other fields. maladaptations; advance the purposes The single most critical difference beof the profession by adding to its knowl tween the professional and the lay peredge base; and contribute to human son is the basis on which they claim liberation (Witkin & Gottschalk, 1987; legitimacy for their ideas. Lay people can Williams & Hopps, 1987). Communicating Theories

Reconquest and Crusade in Spain

In the summer of 1898 the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed in two successive engagements with the navy of the United States: the most comprehensive, catastrophic and humiliating naval defeats of modern history. Not only did these reverses shear Spain of the last shreds of transatlantic empire: they also inflicted a severe psychological blow to the Spanish nation at large. Already a stranger to most of the invigorating developments in economic, cultural and political life which had transformed western Europe in the course of the nineteenth century, Spain found that her backwardness and feebleness had now been devastatingly exposed to the gaze of the world. Spain had become a laughing-stock among the nations. What had gone wrong? The ‘Generation of ‘98’ was the name given to the group of intellectuals and public men who set themselves to ponder this question. They conceived of their task in large terms. It was not just a matter of diagnosing and treating present and local sickness—to employ the medical imagery of which they were so fond—but of taking account of the whole organism which was so visibly ailing; and this involved examining its early growth. An historical dimension was built into their deliberations from the outset. It is for this reason that 1898 is a significant date for the historian of medieval Spain.

Reconquest and Crusade in Spain

In the summer of 1898 the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed in two successive engagements with the navy of the United States: the most comprehensive, catastrophic and humiliating naval defeats of modern history. Not only did these reverses shear Spain of the last shreds of transatlantic empire: they also inflicted a severe psychological blow to the Spanish nation at large. Already a stranger to most of the invigorating developments in economic, cultural and political life which had transformed western Europe in the course of the nineteenth century, Spain found that her backwardness and feebleness had now been devastatingly exposed to the gaze of the world. Spain had become a laughing-stock among the nations. What had gone wrong? The ‘Generation of ‘98’ was the name given to the group of intellectuals and public men who set themselves to ponder this question. They conceived of their task in large terms. It was not just a matter of diagnosing and treating present and local sickness—to employ the medical imagery of which they were so fond—but of taking account of the whole organism which was so visibly ailing; and this involved examining its early growth. An historical dimension was built into their deliberations from the outset. It is for this reason that 1898 is a significant date for the historian of medieval Spain.

Phipps, C. (ed.),<italic>Buckingham: Public and Private Man. The Prose, Poems and Commonplace Book of George Villiers, Second Duke of Buckingham (1628-1687)</italic>; Myers, W. (ed.),<italic>Restoration and Revolution</italic>

Phipps, C. (ed.),<italic>Buckingham: Public and Private Man. The Prose, Poems and Commonplace Book of George Villiers, Second Duke of Buckingham (1628-1687)</italic>; Myers, W. (ed.),<italic>Restoration and Revolution</italic>

Ion Dragoumis, Φύλλα Ήμερολογίον,Δ' (1908–12) (review)

Reviews 117 as it may have seemed at the time. Even Adams would allow two cheers for Greece, but only as long as America did so from its own sphere. Lawrence S. Kaplan Kent State University Thanos Veremis and John Koliopoulos, eds., Ion Dragoumis, Φνλλα Ήμεϕολογίον,Δ' (1908-12). Athens: Ermis, 1985. Pp. 16 + 251. Ion Dragoumis (1878-1920), the well-known diplomat, author and politician, wrote during his lifetime 1,748 pages of private thoughts on people and places, of reports of conversations, of current gossip. This material was found in 15 notebooks which the publisher Ermis divided into six units: 1895-1902, 1902-05, 1905-08, 190812 , 1913-17, 1917-20. For reasons not clear to me, Ermis has published the fourth set first, spanning the years from 1908 to 1912. These were, indeed, crucial years in the national life of Greece: the revolution of the Young Turks in 1908, the military revolt of 1909, the recall of Eleftherios Venizelos from Crete to Athens in 1910, the beginning of the 'monarchical democracy' (vassilevoméni dimokratia) with the writing of the 1911 Constitution, the military preparations that preceded the Balkan Wars of 1912-13. Yet, Dragoumis writes very little about politics in this volume. Rather, he dwells on his personal feelings, his own inner self—in the style of Maurice Barres' 'Culte du Moi'—his own idealistic visions about the future of the Greek nation (to éthnos). He also writes about his frustrations with the bureaucrats, his supervisors at work (151) and with the politicians for whom he has utter contempt since "everybody, however ignorant, can become a politician" (236). He is the man apart, the elitist: ' ' How beautiful to have always an opposite opinion to that of the mob, the multitude, the country" (159). He views himself as a prophet, as a leader of men: "Trikoupis is a 'public man'; I am an 'apostolic man' " (161). Of course, much of the content of the diary is idiosyncratic and, perhaps, represents the general attitudes of the privileged classes. One feels his paternalistic attitude towards the lower social classes and his resistance to the 'bourgeois' liberal party and its leaders. Remarks on Venizelos—a key figure of the politics of the times—appear rarely and when they do they are condescending and ironic (220). 118 Reviews The only redeeming quality of this volume is the excellent use of the demotic language; the obvious commitment of Dragoumis to it is noteworthy. It is disappointing, though, to see no mention of his activities in the National Language Society and the Educational Society , which he helped establish. Otherwise, the central theme of the volume consists of the infatuation of the author with the celebrated actress Marika Kotopouli, at that time a 21 year old, rather unattractive but 'very experienced' and ambitious starlet. We are, thus, treated to the ups and downs of this socially incompatible young couple. We do know that Dragoumis was the leading nationalist writer of the 'generation of 1897,' a passionate proponent of national revival , a friend and admirer of the Hellenocentric and sui generis Periklis Yiannopoulos, an ideologist who dreamed of a greater Greece that should encompass Eastern Hellenism and inherit the dying Ottoman Empire. (For a good analysis of Dragoumis' work see Gerasimos Augustinus, Consciousness and History: Nationalist Critics of Greek Society 1897-1914 [East European Quarterly: Boulder (distributed by Columbia University Press, New York), 1977]). It is fortunate we are familiar with this background, otherwise we would have been lost in this first installment of the diary. The remaining volumes should give us a more balanced view of Dragoumis' personality . What we have now is only a 'period piece' which, one suspects, may also be the most marketable (because sensational) part. The well-known editors of the volume, Thanos Veremis and John Koliopoulos, do not seem to have been 'taken' by the contents of the diary. Their attitude is lukewarm and their introductory comments ambiguous. In their many footnotes they attempt to provide background information for the reader and, because of the multitude of disparate persons and places that appear, it is admittedly difficult to present a focussed supporting commentary. Yet, the editors could have selected some points for lengthier...

The Fall of Public Man

The Fall of Public Man