Public Leaders Research Articles

Under Pressure: Women's Leadership During the COVID-19 Crisis

In this paper, we study the effect of women's public leadership in times of crisis. More specifically, we use a regression discontinuity design in close mayoral races between male and female candidates to understand the impact of having a woman as a mayor during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We provide evidence that municipalities under female leadership had fewer deaths and hospitalizations per 100 thousand inhabitants and enforced more non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., mask usage and prohibition of gatherings). We also show that these results are not due to measures taken before the pandemic or other observable mayoral characteristics such as education or political preferences. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects are stronger in municipalities where Brazil's far-right president, who publicly disavowed the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions, had a higher vote share in the 2018 election. Overall, our findings provide credible causal evidence that female leaders outperformed male ones when dealing with a global policy issue. Moreover, our results also showcase the role local leaders can play in counteracting bad policies implemented by populist leaders at the national level.

LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN LEADING COUNTRIES OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE

At the current stage of Ukrainian state integration into European community, country leaders face new challenges that require efficiency improvement of public management and public administration based on democracy and human-centeredness. Urgency of public leadership development in Ukraine is closely related to the foreign countries’ experience study on the mechanisms of formation and development of public leadership, characterized by a high level of moral values, responsibility, communication, modesty. The new management paradigm, being implemented in public administration and public management in Ukraine, also requires introduction of new qualities in public leadership, manifested through establishment of moral values in the leader's personality, leader’s behavior in public service reform. According to the author, such qualities of leadership as delegation of powers in public authorities, intersectoral cooperation in public administration determine development of leadership in the context of educational trends in foreign countries. The author believes that today an important aspect in the development of public leadership is the mobilization aspect of the efforts of all leaders and subordinates of public authorities and leaders of civil society institutions to overcome crises and do complex reforms in public administration. Such crises include ensuring stability in global fight against the GOVID-19 pandemic. However, problem of public leadership development in this aspect has not been properly reflected in modern scientific sources. The article reveals priority models of public leadership of Western Scandinavian countries as a prerequisite for formation of successful personality, successful leadership qualities, the trend of which is such an important factor as publicity, because before the 90s of the twentieth century not all government officials in European countries were public.

Provision of social support by mayors in times of crisis: a cross-sectional study among Dutch mayors

ABSTRACT Background: During times of crisis, mayors may play an important role as public leaders and providers of social support to affected residents. However, empirical studies have not yet been conducted among the involved mayors about the support they provide and the factors associated with it. Objective: The aim is to examine the support the mayors provided to the affected residents during crises and to test the possible determinants of this support. Method: A web-based survey developed for this study, including a modified version of the Social Support Survey, was filled by 266 Dutch mayors (response = 66.5%), of whom 231 were involved in at least one crisis in their community in the past five years. We examined the association between the perceived support provided by the mayors and their years of experience, demographics, municipality size, and assessment of the collective impact of the crisis and their own political responsibility. Moreover, we tested the probability of mayoral home visits based on the same factors as well as loss of life. Results: All of the involved Dutch mayors reported providing support, which varied from lending a listening ear to discussing public ceremonies and remembrances with the affected and their families. The mayors’ age, sex, municipality size, and years of experience were not significantly related to the perceived social support provision or willingness to reach out to affected citizens. Apart from fatalities linked to the crisis, none of the factors tested had a significant effect on the probability of mayors making home visits. Conclusion: Mayors are likely to report positively on how they provided social support to residents during crises regardless of the factors considered. Mayors are most likely to conduct home visits in situations where one or more citizens died. Further validation and replication of the social support measurement instrument is needed.

From Obama's Presidency to Beatty's Booker Prize: On the Notion of the "Racial Sellout"

This essay explores how Black Americans have deployed the notion of the racial sellout since the turn of the twenty-first century. First, it revisits Barack Obama's iconic presidency, examining how Obama and his critics each imagined the trap of "selling out." Next, it turns to Paul Beatty's Booker Prize-winning novel, The Sellout, which interrogates the supposedly postracial America that Obama left behind. Through its ironic performance of segregation, Beatty's novel exposes the real sellouts in contemporary America: those public leaders who defend "colorblind" discourse while refusing to recognize the nation's enduring racial inequities.

Интернеткоммуникации российских политических партий в текущем избирательном цикле: результаты окулометрического анализа сетевого контента

The article presents the results of a study of Internet communications of Russian political parties at the start of a new electoral cycle in 2021. The research is interdisciplinary in nature and based on the following methodological approaches: post-behaviorism, implicit cognitive science, Predictor Mining. The empirical strategy includes a combination of methods: SMA, eye tracking and focus group interviews. During the implementation of the oculometric analysis, a protocol developed for evaluating the productivity of a combination of psychosemantic procedures and computer registration of a person's gaze during the 2018 election campaigns was selected to build a battery of visual stimuli. As a result of the study, the following features of respondents' perception of the Internet content of political parties are recorded: the main line of spectral opposition in the views of the Russian electorate is associated with the antagonism of such political parties as “United Russiа” and “Yabloko”; to a greater extent, at the time of the study, the electorate of “new parties” that achieved success in the regional elections in 2020 is mobilized; the reliance of “new” political parties on public opinion leaders becomes one of the basic tools for implementing their electoral tasks, etc. The proposed in the study methodology for attestation of Internet content can be in demand by political parties to improve the content and psychotechnological characteristics of their information flows in social media. The use of the developed methodology for applying oculometric analysis for the certification of Internet content will allow party actors to improve the targeting technology in cooperation with the electorate.

A Survey on Blockchain and Internet of Things

In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.

Black Male School Leaders: Protectors and Defenders of Children, Community, Culture, and Village

This study explored the ways in which the race-gendered identities and lived experiences of Black male K-12 public and independent school leaders inform their leadership in support of students, community, and village. The study draws from critical theories and perspectives, including a framework of Black Masculine Caring (BMC), critical race theory, culturally relevant and responsive leadership, leadership for social justice, and their relationship to and with a theory of Black male school leadership. The qualitative study used survey, phenomenological, and visual elicitation methods to examine the personal and professional experiences, philosophies, and praxis of 14 Black male school leaders. Study findings are presented as an intergenerational dialog with participants, based on their years of leadership experience. These leaders exhibit a liberatory care-based approach to leadership as an expression of social justice advocacy, civil rights activism, community and evidenced action-orientated commitment to a dismantling of structured and systemic forms of racism, anti-Black racism entrenched segregation, and other inequities that discriminate and disproportionately marginalize significant numbers of students and their communities. As captured through the narratives shared, this is evidenced through greater, and positively encouraged, levels of parental and other community member involvement in school activities, as a core aspect of the leadership and decision-making processes. The research expands understanding of paradigms of critical race leadership and disrupts the normative educational leadership that ill-serve significant sections of our student populations and communities.

Дилеммы этноидентификации и общественно- политического представительства русинов в Словацкой Республике и на Украине (по результатам экспертного опроса)

The article highlights the problem of ethnic identification and socio-political representation of Rusins in Slovakia and Ukraine. The author bases his presentation on the results of an survey among Slovak and Ukrainian experts. The object of research is the Rusin ethnic group of northwestern area in Slovakia (Prešov and Kosice self-governing regions) and Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. According to the survey among Slovak experts, 44% consider Rusins “a separate ethnic group, different from Ukrainians”; the same number of respondents defines Rusins “a sub-ethnic (ethnographic) group of Ukrainians”; 12 % cannot decide on this issue. Most of the respondents in Ukraine (44 %) define Rusins “a sub-ethnic (ethnographic) group of Ukrainian people”; 28 % are convinced that Rusins are representatives of a separate ethnic group, different from Ukrainians; 28 % stated their own options regarding the nature of ethnic identification of Rusins. The vast majority of Slovak experts (52 %) define “rather active” public and political participation of Rusins; 16 % state “active” participation; 16 % define it “rather passive”; 8% – “passive”, 8% were undecided about the answer. The Ukrainian respondent opinions were divided as follows: 48 % consider the public and political participation of Rusins “rather passive”; 28 % – “passive”; 16 % – “rather active”; 4% indicated the “active” role of Rusin national cultural associations with the remark that only older generations are involved; 4 % public and political participation of Rusins was defined as ”ineffective”. Slovak experts emphasized the active work of public and political leaders of Rusin origin Peter Krajnak, Miroslav Lajcak and Peter Medvid’. The respondents from Ukraine named Rusin leaders Yevhen Zhupan and Yuriy Prodan in Transcarpathian regional public and political environment.

Value foundations of marginal political practices of youth

Today's youth, being a keyactor in the use of digital technologies, prefers digital participation in the political sphere of society. The main practices used by young people in their online participation are marginal. The marginality of the political practices of youth is revealed in their hybridity, which manifests itself in the binary of normativity - abnormality, norm - deviation, etc. Using the trend-watching method in the course of the research made it possible to identify the nonlinear and virulent nature of the marginal practices of youth, which makes it difficult to predict their impact, that, according to the authors, actualizes the need to identify the value foundations of their application. Content analysis of young people (18-30 years old) accounts in social networks, Instagram and Youtube channels of public opinion leaders revealed such value foundations of marginal political practices of young people as: patriotism, solidarity, non-violence, participation and independence.The nature of the identified axiological foundations made it possible to draw a conclusion about the transition from the traditional values of political participation of young people to the values of self-expression, the acquisition and implementation of civic subjectivity.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ КАТЕГОРИЙ «ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА» И «ЭЛЕКТОРАЛЬНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ» В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ МЫСЛИ

This article is devoted to identifying the interrelationship and interdependence of political culture and electoral behavior in the concepts of European political researchers. The methodology of the study is based on the assumption that electoral behavior is a comprehensive political and legal indicator of the level and nature of political culture. The following methods of research are used: systemic analysis, chronological analysis of scientific concepts on the topic of research, analysis of factors that affect the dynamics of political consciousness and electoral behavior. As a result of the study of scientific approaches on the topic of the article, it was revealed that the methodology for studying the dynamics of political processes is now in the active development stage and is constantly replenished with new research hypotheses. It is shown that in chronologically early concepts, moral and ethical ideas, traditions, customs and religion come first in the structure of political consciousness. This circumstance is associated with the high role of traditional and religious factors in the consciousness and life of all societies until the beginning of the 20th century. It is argued that at the present stage of post-industrial development, the model of electoral behavior preferred for Western European researchers is the model of a targeted voter, which involves the sustainability and clarity of political values and preferences, normative oriented political behavior, as well as the "habit" of critically analyzing the programs and speeches of public leaders and parties for their usefulness for the voter. At the same time, this model still remains quite abstract and difficult to implement in electoral practices, since its implementation is hindered by irrational political archetypes, symbols, myths - components of the political consciousness of modern man.

In 2020 SBCS Sails Skillfully Through First Online Annual Meeting November 20 and December 1–2

In 2020 SBCS Sails Skillfully Through First Online Annual Meeting November 20 and December 1–2 Sandra Costen Kunz Due to the corona virus pandemic, the 2020 annual meeting of the SBCS was entirely online. Although we genuinely missed our formal and informal face-to-face gatherings, the board and membership were delighted by the outcome. The board decided not to use American Academy of Religion (AAR)'s platform due to the expenses that this would have involved for our participants. Instead, we accepted the gracious offer of Georgetown University's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs to host us on Zoom. The happy result was that our board meeting completed its agenda effectively in a compressed time frame with our usual good humor and camaraderie. Several of the presentations in our two sessions included beautiful slides, something we've missed at AAR because the convention center and hotel venues charge extremely high projector fees. The first session drew 175 viewers from 14 nations and the second drew 110 viewers from 15 nations. Canada had the second-most viewers after the United States, and Italy was right after Canada. This is, by far, our highest attendance in the past twelve years. We are still very committed to continuing as a "related scholarly organization" within AAR, having had our status reviewed and renewed at the beginning of this March. We thus look forward to meeting face-to-face in conjunction with their meeting in San Antonio the weekend before Thanksgiving, 2021. The board is also weighing whether or not to hold online events in the future so that we can again make our programming available to people outside the United States, and to faculty, monastics, chaplains, and other people without travel allowances. We welcome your thoughts about this at https://www.society-buddhist-christian-studies.org/contact. board of directors meeting: friday, november 20 President Leo Lefebure called the meeting order at 10 a.m. EST. After the agenda and last year's minutes were approved, we moved immediately to the international advisor's reports, due to the time difference. European Network of Buddhist Christian Studies Advisor Report Elizabeth Harris in Britain reported that the papers from the Network's 2019 conference: "Buddhist-Christian Encounter – A Visionary Approach: A Conference [End Page 299] Inspired by Lynn A. de Silva (1919-1982)," held in cooperation with the World Council of Churches, will be published in 2021. Some SBCS members who contributed are Wesley Ariarajah, André van der Braak, Thomas Cattoi, Jim Fredericks, and Amos Yong. They've postponed their conference in Salzburg, "Euro-Buddhism and the Role of Christianity," until June 30 to July 4, 2022. Liz reported that the discussion in the online meetings of the Buddhist-Christian Dialogue Forum in the UK, which she co-convenes, have sometimes reflected the anger around the trustworthiness of public leaders and institutions. Topics have included: "Resilience, Responsibility and Wise Action in the Current Crisis," "Wise Action in Public Life: How to Speak the Truth without Violence," and "Caring for our One World." Some of the papers from the 2019 Sri Lanka meeting of the Special Committee of the Red Cross's long-term project on "Buddhism and International and Humanitarian Law" will be published online in the Journal of Buddhist Ethics. A book will be published, too. Because the project is not a mere academic exercise, activists, military and legal experts, and others are involved. Their next conference is scheduled to meet in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Liz hopes it will draw more Mahayana participants. Japan SBCS Advisor Report Kuni Terasawa reported from Tokyo where he's teaching online for Wartburg College. Last fall in Hong Kong, he met with Daniel Young who's researching Dao Fong Shan, the Norwegian Lutheran center for Buddhist-Christian dialogue begun there in the early twentieth century. Many Hong Kong Christians are participating in the protest movement, but some people in Hong Kong still hold a bit of resentment about the British government's favoring Christians over Buddhists. Better Buddhist-Christian cooperation could be important for human rights and the democratic movement in Hong Kong, he thinks. In Korea, where he spent last spring, young Rissho...

190. Which antibiotic are you? Evaluation of a global antibiotic awareness personality quiz

BackgroundImproving understanding of the impact of antibiotic overuse is a key component of the global action plan to address antibiotic resistance. Play is an underutilized opportunity to engage adults in learning about antibiotic resistance and the importance of appropriate antibiotic use in mitigating this public health threat. Our objective was to evaluate the reach of a web-based antibiotic awareness personality quiz.Figure 1. Antibiotic Personality Quiz Participants MethodsA personality quiz (http://www.tiny.cc/antibioticquiz) was developed using an online platform (Tryinteract.com). The quiz included a series of short personality-based questions. Once complete, based on the responses provided, the respondent was automatically assigned an antibiotic that best matched their personality. This result was accompanied by key teaching points about the assigned antibiotic, a statement about the importance of appropriate antibiotic use and links to find more information. The quiz was launched in November 2017 to coincide with World Antibiotic Awareness Week and disseminated via social media. It was updated iteratively each year. We evaluated usage statistics from November 7 2017 to June 7 2020.ResultsDuring the 31-month evaluation period, there were 287,868 views of the quiz, and it was completed 207,148 times. The quiz was shared extensively on social media (Facebook 1667 shares, Twitter 1390 clicks). From a subset of 37,825 recent participants who were asked about their profession, most identified as non-infectious diseases healthcare professionals (n= 18,235, 48.2%), followed by infectious disease healthcare professionals (n=8,119, 21.8%), and healthcare students (n=6,986, 18.5%) (Figure 1). Respondents were well-represented globally, including US, Canada, Spain, France, India, United Kingdom, and Indonesia.ConclusionThis exploratory analysis suggests incorporation of play into social media campaigns may augment the size of the receiving audience. An antibiotic awareness personality quiz engaged a high volume and broad range of non-infectious disease experts in learning more about antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial stewards and public health campaign leaders should incorporate play into awareness opportunities and evaluate their impact.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Public Opinion Leaders as a Means Of Representing the Image of the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. The social function of a public opinion leader is to draw public attention to the most important issues of public life, participate in public discussions, explain and influence public opinion. Political communication is implemented in two dimensions – pragmatic and symbolic, which have very close relationships. The symbolic dimension develops and promotes ideas about society that create, maintain, or destroy political identity. For external target groups of image-making (political and business elites, decision-makers at the federal level, investors, highly qualified migrants, partially residents of other regions), significant repeaters of information about the region are representatives of state authorities and management, leaders of political parties and socio-political movements, bright representatives of the political opposition, etc. Materials and Methods. The research methodology was based on the method of cognitive mapping, which allowed analyzing and visualizing information transmitted by public opinion leaders about the regional space, determining the specifics of the perception of the Republic in the external power environment, and a historical and evolutionary approach that made it possible to trace the evolution of content. Time period of the study: 2012–2019. The study traced a series of judgments, stable expressions used by political and public figures about Mordovia, its potential, development prospects, and its leadership. Results and Discussion. Public opinion leaders (political and business elite, party figures, opposition, etc.) are significant repeaters of information about the region. Political communication is implemented in two main dimensions – pragmatic and symbolic, where the latter involves not rational understanding, but the suggestion of stable meanings. Symbolic politics has always been used by the authorities, especially in times of crisis, so the opinions conveyed by person-images become the basis of symbolic capital that promotes ideas about society (territory), creates, supports or destroys political identity. The external image of the Republic of Mordovia, which is formed on the basis of broadcast opinions, is contradictory. During the study period, we can note some evolution of the image of the Republic, broadcast by the leaders of public opinion. Attention to the region is noticeably increasing due to significant events of various scales. The high authority of the former leadership and loyal “electoral behavior” of the region contributed to the creation and broadcast of a positive image from the federal government and was a reason for criticism from opposition leaders. The celebration of the Millennium of unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state in 2012 was perceived positively by the majority of public opinion leaders and was actively broadcast in the media. The inclusion of Saransk among the host cities of the world football championship was received ambiguously: from a positive assessment to skeptical doubts about the correctness of such a choice. The legacy of the championship was not only the modernized infrastructure, but also the aggravated socio-economic problems of the region, which could not but affect its external image. Discussion and Conclusions. Thus, the positive image of the “territory of innovation”, “dynamically developing region with high-quality agricultural products” and “region of spiritual revival” coexists with the image of the territory of “total falsification”. The nature of the broadcast opinions is closely related to the peculiarities of the political situation and the official/oppositional position of the leader of public opinion in the discourse space.

Foreign experience of leadership development for Ukraine (on the example of Germany and Poland)

At the current stage of Ukrainian state integration into European community, country leaders face new challenges that require improving efficiency of public management and public administration based on democracy and human-centeredness. Urgency of public leadership development in Ukraine is closely related to the foreign countries’ experience study on the mechanisms of formation and development of public leadership, characterized by a high level of moral values, responsibility, communication, modesty. The new management paradigm, being introduced in public administration and public management in Ukraine, also requires introduction of new qualities in public leadership, manifested through establishment of moral values in the leader's personality, leader’s behavior in public service reform. According to the author, such qualities of leadership as delegation of powers in public authorities, intersectoral cooperation in public administration determine development of leadership in the context of educational trends in foreign countries. The article reveals priority models of public leadership of Western European countries as a prerequisite for formation of successful personality, successful leadership qualities, the trend of which is such an important factor as publicity, because before the 90s of the twentieth century not all government officials in European countries were public.The author of the article proposes to consider the features of the development of public leadership in Germany and Poland. Leadership qualities such as the ability to educate themselves, delegation of authority, transparent (transparency, openness and activation) and transformational cooperation. They determine a new style of leadership development in Western European countries, which will be useful for implementation in Ukraine. Therefore, the relevance of the article is beyond doubt.

Human Resources Management and Leadership for Public Services in the 21st Century

This study aimed to examine ten International publications on resource management and public service leadership 21st century. It is believed that the progress or withdrawal of a public organization is closely related to the superior application of resource management and leadership. To understand this belief, we have conducted a series of data collections, including preliminary readings, reviews, or reviews of ten International publications highlighting resources management and leadership's excellence in managing public organizations. Furthermore, we analyzed with a qualitative and phenomenological approach to ensure that this study's findings meet high validity and reliability principles. The data search strategy is with a search engine's help with a keyword searching model, including human resource management, 21st-century superior resources, excellent public servants, and public leadership. The results we can include: resource management is still the primary key in available services, especially public organizations such as government and other community institutions.

Local meaning-making in discursive, embodied and affective registers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue and explore how local meaning-making processes of leaders also occur in embodied and affective registers. The paper aims to introduce the theoretical concept of affect to studies of local public leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports from an ethnographic study of local leaders managing educational institutions in Denmark. The paper takes a constructivist or interpretive approach where it is acknowledged that data is not just out-there ready to be collected and reported but is constructed and interpreted in particular manners as part of the complex encounter between researcher and field.FindingsThe paper zooms in one particular instance where a leader breaks down in tears and where the tears seem to evoke a particular affective atmosphere. Thus, the paper shows how, just below the elite narrative of a need for stronger, individual and more evidence-based management, we find a myriad of meaning-making processes that transgress distinctions between the corporeal, affective and discursive.Research limitations/implicationsAs an ethnography conducted in a local setting, the paper avoids broad generalisations. The findings reflect the theoretical ambition of discussing the role of embodiment and affect in local leadership as much as the studied setting.Practical implicationsThe study testify to how policy implementation can take many unexpected turns as local leaders interpret and make sense of policy ambitions in many different ways. Moreover, it testifies to how leaders are informed by embodied experiences and affective atmospheres in their sense-making processes.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first attempts in public leadership to discuss the role of embodiment and affect in local public leadership.

From cameral system to the double-entry method

The paper aims to analyse the role of accounting as a tool of government action, considering the function of the relationships established by the Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Chieti. Governmentality, intended by Michel Foucault as “governmental rationality”, attributes power and control to those who exercise it even though power is not to be understood as a steady property, but rather as a product of strategic conflicts between subjects. “Power”, however, had to enable the rulers to prepare actions oriented to social welfare and happiness (Rose and Miller, 1992: 174). The accounting of the Hospital of Chieti, which establishes power relations aimed at influencing internal governance, moves towards perspective. The Hospital, managed by different power groups, represented an example of alternation of powers. This charitable institution was run by religious brotherhoods, submitted to the ecclesiastical power and then to public leaders, who were, in their turn, subject to the power of the state. The paper analyses the accounting system used by these two kinds of power that administered the hospital as well as the ways to achieve social control over the people who were considered internal and supportive to each reference category. The study also uses primary sources, documents from the Chieti State Archives for the foundation and organization of the Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Chieti, and accounting books to verify the assistance activity, considering the application of two different accounting systems, from cameral system to the double-entry method.

Machiavellianism, locus of control, moral identity, and ethical leadership among public service leaders in Malaysia: the moderating effect of ethical role modelling

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the predicting role of Machiavellianism, locus of control and moral identity on ethical leadership. This study also assessed the moderating role of ethical role modelling in the linkage between Machiavellianism, locus of control, moral identity and ethical leadership.Design/methodology/approachA total of 202 public service leaders in Malaysia participated in the study. A quantitative study was conducted and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsMoral identity poses a substantial influence on ethical leadership. Ethical role modelling is a significant moderator in the association between moral identity and ethical leadership.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the social learning theory by assessing Machiavellianism, locus of control and moral identity as the predictors of ethical leadership among public service leaders in Malaysia. Future study can be further extended to both managerial and support staff to understand the ethical phenomenon in Malaysian public sector.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the need for public sector to give considerable attention to moral identity in boosting ethical leadership among public service leaders in Malaysia's public sector. Furthermore, the element of ethical role modelling should not be neglected as this factor is a valid moderator in nurturing ethical leadership among public service leaders.Originality/valueThe study deepens the knowledge on the importance of ethical role modelling as a moderator in assessing the influence of the predictors on ethical leadership. Further, this study demonstrates that public service leaders who reported high moral identity would have higher ethical leadership if they experienced good ethical role modelling.

Comunicación digital entre ediles y usuarios en Twitter: Oportunidad fallida en el fortalecimiento de imagen y vigencia en la esfera pública

Objetivo: determinar el uso de la red social Twitter por los concejales de Bucaramanga en su ejercicio como servidores públicos y líderes de opinión local, mediante la hipertextualidad, popularidad, interactividad, participación, multimedialidad e interacción. Metodología: se acude a la Netnografía con el uso de técnicas mixtas: entrevista semiestructurada y aplicación del Índice Global Potencial Persuasivo de Twitter. Resultados: se encontró que el Concejo en su proceso de divulgación pública utiliza un portal web, con información actualizada sobre sus actividades. Usa Facebook, Twitter y Youtube, pero sus registros de interacción y uso de multimedia son reducidos. Catorce de los diecinueve concejales tienen Twitter, tres de ellos marcan actividad y los contenidos difundidos sobre su ejercicio legislativo son limitados; el contenido multimedia publicado es bajo, igual que las respuestas e interacciones con usuarios. Conclusiones: se concluye que avanza la inmersión en la comunicación pública de las plataformas digitales y redes sociales para orientar y difundir el ejercicio político y más desde el campo legislativo, punto que ya los gobernantes locales y globales han entendido. Los concejales que participaron en esta investigación decepcionan al centrar el uso de Twitter en hablar de temas desligados de su función y pierden una gran oportunidad desde su microblogging para hacer propuestas relacionadas con las problemáticas sociales y contribuir desde su cuenta Twitter a consolidar su imagen y vigencia en la esfera pública y electoral.

Deal or No Deal? The Effects of Deregulation on Public School Leaders’ Support for Private School Choice in California

Public school leaders might be more likely to support private school voucher programs if they are enacted alongside public school deregulations. We use a survey experiment to examine the effects of public school deregulations on actual public school leaders’ support for a hypothetical private school voucher program in California. We do not find evidence to suggest that public school deregulations affect public school leaders’ support for private school vouchers overall. However, we unexpectedly find that deregulations related to teacher certification and administration of standardized tests further decrease support for private school choice for leaders of large public schools. This unexpected result may be explained by expected adjustment costs or regulatory capture.