Public Humiliation Research Articles

Shame in Teaching-Learning: A Humanbecoming Perspective.

In a discussion on the phenomenon of shame, intriguing questions are raised for consideration by teachers of nursing. Raising concerns about the perceived emergence of societal norms that seem to encourage the shaming of others along with technology and social media platforms that enable public shaming brings one to ponder the meaning of shame in the sciencing and art of teaching-learning in nursing, especially in an era of virtual learning. From the unique perspective of humanbecoming, reflections on selected stories of the student experience of shame give rise to several suggestions for faculty to be with students in moving beyond moments of potential shame in the unfolding of new possibilities. These stories and suggestions are offered to nurse faculty and academic administrators for continuing discussion and as an opportunity for shared learning.

Shameless dicks: On male privilege, dick pic scandals, and public exposure

Academic debates on shame and the involuntary networked circulation of naked pictures have largely focused on instances of hacked accounts of female celebrities, on revenge porn, and interconnected forms of slut-shaming. Meanwhile, dick pics have been predominantly examined as vehicles of sexual harassment within heterosexual contexts. Taking a somewhat different approach, this article examines leaked or otherwise involuntarily exposed dick pics of men of notable social privilege, asking what kinds of media events such leaked data assemble, how penises become sites of public interest and attention, and how these bodies may be able to escape circuits of public shaming. By focusing on high-profile incidents on an international scale during the past decade, this article moves from the leaked shots of male politicians as governance through shaming to body-shaming targeted at Harvey Weinstein, to Jeff Bezos’s refusal to be shamed through his hacked dick pic, and to an accidentally self-published shaft shot of Lars Ohly, a Swedish politician, we examine the agency afforded by social privilege to slide through shame rather than be stuck in it. By building on feminist media studies and affect inquiry, we attend to the specificities of these attempts to shame, their connections to and disconnections from slut-shaming, and the possibilities and spaces offered for laughter within this all.

Screenshot, save, share, shame: Making sense of new media through screenshots and public shame

This article engages in a qualitative thematic analysis of media discourse about two prominent cases involving screenshots and public shame: the story of Amanda Todd, a Canadian teenager who took her own life after years of cyberbullying facilitated by screenshots; and the story of Anthony Weiner, the New York U.S. Congressman whose political career crumbled after screenshots revealed extramarital flirtations. It shows how screenshots violated the assumed boundaries of media environments, and in doing so prompted moments of public sense-making around new media. By focusing on cases where public shaming collides with the introduction of new media technologies, this article also offers an opportunity to understand how public spectacles of emotion, specifically of shame, shape new media technologies’ meanings and uses.

Nonmaleficence in Shaming: The Ethical Dilemma Underlying Participation in Online Public Shaming

We show that a decision of potential shamers to take part in (“share” and “retweet”) an online shaming campaign against alleged wrongdoers is shaped by two factors: the potential shamer’s level of adherence to the nonmaleficence principle (i.e., do no harm) and the wrongdoer identifiability (the extent to which a wrongdoer’s details are exposed). Each shaming campaign may promote social norms and prevention of similar harm (i.e., positive consequences) and yet at the same time create harm for the individual wrongdoer being shamed (i.e., negative consequences). We suggest that potential shamers with high adherence to the nonmaleficence principle are more likely to join a shaming campaign with a low‐identifiability wrongdoer compared to potential shamers with a low endorsement of the nonmaleficence principle. We term this phenomenon the Nonmaleficence in Shaming effect. Five studies consistently demonstrate this effect and its attenuation in the case of a shaming campaign with a high‐identifiability wrongdoer. We further show that what drives the effect is advancing the positive over the negative consequences of a shaming campaign. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of norm‐enforcement behavior in digital communications and the social media space.

Stripped and Script: Loyalist Writers of the American Revolution

Stripped and Script: Loyalist Writers of the American Revolution

The Violence of Fat Hatred in the “Obesity Epidemic” Discourse

The concern globally over the “obesity epidemic” has become one of the most widely discussed social problems over the last twenty or so years. There is an intense focus from the media, popular culture, government agencies, and medical community about the harms of “obesity,” which includes strategies for eradicating the “obesity epidemic.” Public discussions of “excess weight” typically imply that fat persons are responsible for their body size, and public health policy recommendations follow from that assumption. Through the voices of 74 women of size, I demonstrate the ways in which the “obesity epidemic” discourse is a form of symbolic violence. Interviewees discussed countless acts of public humiliation, blocked opportunities, and fears about attending appointments with health care practitioners because of the stigma, discrimination, and mistreatment they receive. Moreover, the anti-fat rhetoric made interviewees feel responsible for the oppression. The violence manifested through the “obesity epidemic” rhetoric creates and perpetuates the phenomenon of hyper(in)visibilty, a phenomenon where marginalized bodies are simultaneously paid tremendous attention and dismissed. I conclude by urging sociologists to include body size in their intersectional research, teaching, and activism.

UN Human Rights Shaming and Foreign Aid Allocation

Does public condemnation or shaming of human rights abuses by the United Nations influence foreign aid delivery calculus across Western donor states? I argue that countries shamed in the United Nations Human Rights Council (formerly known as the United Nations Commission on Human Rights) encourage donor states to channel more aid via international and local non-governmental organizations. Furthermore, I find this effect to be more pronounced with increased media coverage. The findings of this paper suggest that international organizations do influence advanced democracies’ foreign policy. Moreover, the paper also finds that donor governments do not punish recipient leaders by scaling back on government-to-government aid, which is more fungible, despite public condemnations of their human rights practices owing largely to strategic concerns. These results are robust to a number of alternative data and estimation techniques.

Административная ответственность за возбуждение ненависти либо вражды, а равно унижение человеческого достоинства в условиях развития информационных технологий

In December 2018, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation was supplemented with a norm establishing administrative responsibility for inciting hatred or enmity, as well as public humiliation of human dignity, including using the media or information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet. In the context of the development of information technologies and the formation of the information society in law enforcement, the issues of correct qualification and initiation of an administrative offense case provided for in Article 20.3.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation are relevant.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF PUBLIC SHAMING

AbstractThis essay argues that online public shaming can be productively understood as a problem of technology. In particular, the technology of public shaming is ambiguous between two senses. On the one hand, public shaming depends on various technologies, such as social media posts or, more historically, pillories. These are the artifacts of shame. On the other hand, public shaming itself is a social technology. In particular, public shaming is a way for communities to promote cooperation. Ultimately, I claim there is a mismatch between the artifacts of shame and this important social technology of shame. Social media drifts toward disintegrative shame, which tends to corrode cooperation. This suggests that we must either realign the technology of public shame or reject shame as a legitimate option.

Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Techniques to detect Online Public Shaming

Over the past years the exponential growth of social media usage has given the power to every individual to share their opinions freely. This has led to numerous threats allowing users to exploit their freedom of speech, thus spreading hateful comments, using abusive language, carrying out personal attacks, and sometimes even to the extent of cyberbullying. However, determining abusive content is not a difficult task and many social media platforms have solutions available already but at the same time, many are searching for more efficient ways and solutions to overcome this issue. Traditional models explore machine learning models to identify negative content posted on social media. Shaming categories are explored, and content is put in place according to the label. Such categorization is easy to detect as the contextual language used is direct. However, the use of irony to mock or convey contempt is also a part of public shaming and must be considered while categorizing the shaming labels. In this research paper, various shaming types, namely toxic, severe toxic, obscene, threat, insult, identity hate, and sarcasm are predicted using deep learning approaches like CNN and LSTM. These models have been studied along with traditional models to determine which model gives the most accurate results.

The “Scene of Discourse”: Foucault and the Theater of Truth (on <em>Parrhēsía)</em>

The "Scene of Discourse"Foucault and the Theater of Truth (On Parrhēsía) Kélina Gotman (bio) Foucault's views on theater shifted radically in the decade between 1975 and his death in 1984. Often noted in theater and performance studies, Foucault's concept of the spectacularity of discipline and punishment—the spectacle of the scaffold—most vividly articulated in Surveiller et Punir (1975, Discipline and Punish [1977]), suggests that for centuries, power played out theatrically, through a show of public humiliation.1 But visuality remained important even when punishment went behind the scenes. He wrote, "We are [today] much less Greeks than we believe. We are neither in the amphitheater, nor on the stage, but in the panoptic machine" (Foucault 1977, 217). In this view, power in the postindustrial West was characterized by mechanisms of observation and calculation designed to keep subjects in states of perpetual abeyance. Yet within the next decade, Foucault would come back to thinking about theatricality of another sort, seeing in discursive figures and practices of theater another beacon for politics. This time, he would return more closely to the Greeks, articulating a practice of observation and self-observation reaching in particular to Stoic and Cynic writings. In this later, less well-known work, Foucault attended carefully to the dramaturgical ways mutual relations of friendship, pedagogy, dramatic performance, and care enacted frank or fearless speech (parrhēsía). From this perspective, "care of self" (epimeleia heautou) and "knowledge of self" (gnōthi seauton) supported care of the other in a cultivable relationship requiring of all parties involved the courage to see and hear as well as to seek out truth.2 This article takes up the task of thinking Foucault's relationship to this other politics—to a practice of truth-speaking. I argue that this is a dramaturgical practice, grounded in theater as an engine of truth. [End Page 28] Significantly for Foucault, particularly between 1979 and 1984, when he was working through concepts of critique and governmentality, theater and performance became figures for thinking how to engage with relationships of self to self and self to other. This is not "theater" primarily in the sense of public spectacle—lies behind which "truth" might hover like an actor behind a mask—but attention to scenes of knowing, to the exercise of the gaze, and to the movements of thought. The philósophos—a physician of the soul—calls herself to herself, enabling and supporting thereby the possibility that others will be transformed through careful attention to truth as to an everyday practice in the "arts of life." DISCIPLINE AND ASKĒSIS Theory in this sense is a practice of care, and philosophy is everyday training in the practice of cutting and caring, truthful life. In his lecture courses at the Collège de France, the University of California at Berkeley, Dartmouth, and elsewhere, Foucault engages candidly in meditating on his own excurses and stray thoughts, extended digressions and returns. What I call his discursive theatricalism, his heightened presence to the present moment, constitutes a method grounded in the tripartite work of parrhēsía (truthful, fearless speech), askēsis (everyday training in philosophical life), and alēthourgia (the progressive unfolding of truth discourse) to shape the work of "critique." For Foucault, philosophy returns to Greco-Roman practices of self, anchored in radical self-searching; he does not merely discuss this but performs it obliquely for his audiences and himself.3 This joins what his interlocutor classicist Pierre Hadot (2002 [1993]) called "spiritual exercises" and what Foucault saw as "diagnosing the present" and one's role in it, speaking carefully what it may hurt to hear.4 Critique thus brings into focus a way of knowing exercised as tekhnai peri bion—arts of living, or everyday training in truthful life (Foucault 2014b, 31–44; 2001e, 248; 2017, 93). Understood first of all as a biotechnology or technology or technique of the self, these arts simultaneously enact a theater of self-discovery and self-disclosure (2014b, 37). Importantly, this "self" is not narcissistic: the arts of living unravel concepts of "self" bound up in particular modes of subjectivation or [End Page 29] subjective scenographies, arguably...

Digital failure: Unbecoming the “good” data subject through entropic, fugitive, and queer data

This paper explores the political potential of digital failure as a refusal to work in service of today’s dataveillance society. Moving beyond criticisms of flawed digital systems, this paper traces the moments of digital failure that seek to break, rather than fix, existing systems. Instead, digital failure is characterized by pesky data that sneaks through the cracks of digital capitalism and dissipates into the unproductive; it supports run-away data prone to misidentifications by digital marketers, coders, and content moderators; and it celebrates data predisposed to “back-talk” with playful irreverence toward those that seek to bring order through normative categorization and moderation. I call these data entropic, fugitive, and queer and explore their mischievous practices through three case studies: the unaccountable data in identity resolution, public shaming of the ImageNet training data, and reading practices of sex worker and influencer, @Charlieshe. Together these case studies articulate the political potential of digital failure as a process of unbecoming the good data subject by pushing past the margins of legibility, knowability, and thinkability, to reveal what is made illegible, unknowable, and unthinkable to data’s seeing eye. As predictive analytics, automated decision-systems, and artificial intelligence take on increasingly central roles in public governance, digital failure reveals how data itself is a flawed concept prone to political abuse and social engineering to protect the interests of the powerful, while keeping those marginalized over-surveilled and underrepresented.

Memorialization and Escraches: Ni una Menos and the documentation of Feminicidio in Argentina

This article explores the recent history of the Ni una menos movement in Argentina as well as investigating two specific methods of activism employed by the feminist collective. The collective, in seeking to cast feminicide as a human rights abuse, actively positions it as a public crime through the employment of escraches (public shaming of public officials) and memorialisation. The article investigates how using social media to archive feminicide produces a new public recognition and awareness of feminicide as a crime against women because they are women. Furthermore, it closely explores how the collective revises the tactics of memorialization and escrache employed by activists in Argentina's post-dictatorship period to create spaces for activism on social media and within public spaces.

Against Online Public Shaming

Online Public Shaming (OPS) is a form of norm enforcement that involves collectively imposing reputational costs on a person for having a certain kind of moral character. OPS actions aim to disqualify her from public discussion and certain normal human relations. We argue that this constitutes an informal collective punishment that it is presumptively wrong to impose (or seek to impose) on others. OPS functions as a form of ostracism that fails to show equal basic respect to its targets. Additionally, in seeking to mobilise unconstrained collective power with potentially serious punitive consequences, OPS is incompatible with due process values.

Forms of counteraction to the youth subcultural movement in the USSR in the 1940s-1960: historical and legal aspect

Goal. The aim of the study is to analyze the main forms and methods of counteraction of the state and society in the USSR to the youth subcultural movement in 1940-1960. The method covers a set of methods and logical sequence of their use, which was determined by issues and features of historical and legal research. Methods. The use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and abstraction allowed to empirically study the youth subculture in 1940 - 1960's. Historical and legal method allowed to consider the youth subculture as a phenomenon of a particular era, taking into account the influence of economic, social and ideological factors. The comparative law method in our study was useful for comparing the measures applied to the youth subculture by party, youth organizations, law enforcement agencies and educational institutions. Results. The study found that the youth subcultural movement in the USSR was heterogeneous. It was found that, despite the apolitical nature of the movement, within the Cold War and confrontation with the West, it was seen as a threat to the existing social order and contrary to official ideology. This created the preconditions for combating it, which were carried out with the involvement of the party and Komsomol apparatuses. Scientific novelty. It was established that the main forms of struggle against the youth subcultural movement were extrajudicial, which provided for moral pressure, expulsion from the Komsomol, an educational institution, deprivation of a scholarship, and public humiliation. Practical significance. It is that the main provisions and conclusions set out in the study can be used: 1) in research related to the study of the features and legal principles of the repressive policy of the Soviet government; 2) in the educational process, during the teaching of sections relating to the state and legal development of Central and Eastern Europe.

Особливості оцінки курсантами психологічної безпеки освітнього простору

The purpose of the article. The aim of this study is identification of differences in assessments of the psychological safety of the educational space of cadets studying in special conditions and students of civilian institutions of higher education. Methodology. The basis of this study is the theoretical and methodological provisions of I. Baeva on the psychological security of the educational space and its structure. Results. In the course of the study, the following features of the study of the structural components of the psychological security of the educational space were established: – for students, relationships with teachers are more important than with other students, while for cadets, relationships with other cadets are more important than relationships with teachers; – the opportunity to seek help is more important for students than cadets, while maintaining personal dignity and the opportunity to take the initiative are more important for cadets than for students; – there was a difference in the assessments of cadets and students of satisfaction with the most important characteristics of the educational environment: cadets are slightly less than students who are satisfied with relationships with other cadets (while this aspect is most important for them) and attention to their requests and proposals; – when assessing the respondents’ own security, it was found that students feel equally protected from all threats. Cadets feel more protected from ridicule, threats, contempt and hostility, public humiliation, disregard by teachers than by classmates; – the analysis of reference indicators for the respondents of their free economic zones allows us to state that for students their free economic resources are very significant, while the cadets are mostly neutral towards their free economic resources. Practical implications. The identified features of the cadets’ assessment of the psychological safety of the educational space can be the basis for the elimination of those factors that are perceived as psychologically dangerous, and thus the creation of optimal conditions for the implementation of the educational process. Value (originality). The peculiarities of cadets’ assessments of such parameters of psychological security of educational space as satisfaction, security and referentiality are revealed. Key words: educational space, psychological security, psychological security of educational space, cadet, departmental institutions of higher education.

Incidence of resident mistreatment in the learning environment across three institutions

Introduction Mistreatment in the learning environment is associated with negative outcomes for trainees. While the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) has collected medical student reports of mistreatment for a decade, there is not a similar nationally benchmarked survey for residents. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence of resident experiences with mistreatment. Methods Residents at three academic institutions were surveyed using questions similar to the GQ in 2018. Quantitative data were analyzed based on frequency and Mann-Whitney U tests to detect gender differences. Results Nine hundred ninety-six of 2682 residents (37.1%) responded to the survey. Thirty-nine percent of residents reported experiencing at least one incident of mistreatment. The highest reported incidents were public humiliation (23.7%) and subject to offensive sexist remarks/comments (16.0%). Female residents indicated experiencing significantly more incidents of public embarrassment, public humiliation, offensive sexist remarks, lower evaluations based on gender, denied opportunities for training or rewards, and unwanted sexual advances. Faculty were the most frequent instigators of mistreatment (66.4%). Of trainees who reported experiencing mistreatment, less than one-quarter reported the behavior. Conclusion Mistreatment in the academic learning environment is a concern in residency programs. There is increased frequency among female residents.

Sport fans’ perspectives of public shaming of professional athletes on social media

ABSTRACT Recent research has illustrated sport fans’ propensity to engage in public shaming practices directed at professional athletes via social media in response to athletes’ perceived norm violations. Public shaming – considered the act of expressing discontent for another’s behaviour – is demonstrated through fans’ expressed withdrawals of support, and detailed depictions of desired psychosocial, physical, and career-related consequences for the athletes. While this research reveals what these practices look like, little is known about what leads fans to engage in them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the fan-athlete relationship online and the implications of this relationship for the public shaming of professional athletes on social media. Guided by a social constructivist perspective, we utilised a narrative methodology to conduct semi-structured interviews with five professional sport fans (three male, two female) who engaged regularly with professional athletes and teams on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Findings broadly revealed that fans cultivate a sense of identification and belonging through fandom that is enhanced by perceived relationships with professional athletes developed via social media. When these perceived relationships are challenged by professional athletes’ norm violations, fans’ sense of identification and belonging are threatened, which provokes public shaming on social media. These findings are interpreted through the existing literature related to fan identification, parasocial relationships, and belonging. Directions for future research are proposed.

Negative Identity of Russian Germans

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the complex ethnic identity of Russian Germans, namely, its negative inversion. Events of the second half of the 20th century. in the ethnic history of the German community (deportation, labor army, special settlement) became factors in the formation of negative identity. It was expressed in public contempt, insults and humiliation towards the Russian Germans. In this regard, the Germans renounced their ethnicity, changed their personal names and surnames, and rewrote their nationality. The Germans turned out to be the only people who were not fully rehabilitated among those who were subject to repression and deportation, since the territorial autonomy, lost in 1941, was not restored. The negative identity of Russian Germans is a situational phenomenon that is associated with the influence on it, firstly, of historical events, secondly, the political actions of the authorities, and thirdly, public mood and opinion. The article is based on materials from field ethnographic expeditions, archival data and sources of personal origin.

You are Cancelled: Virtual Collective Consciousness and the Emergence of Cancel Culture as Ideological Purging

Social networking platforms were originally conceived to enable individuals to engage in various forms of online interactions. As social networking sites robustly permeated different facets of society, they have been commonly grouped under the more generic term “social media.” Social media has become a powerful force in contemporary life, paving the way for the rise of digital participatory cultures and social movements. More recently, the culture of cancellation has entered the vernacular of digital culture, primarily targeted at public figures who break the loose norms of social acceptability. Specifically, cancel culture is a form of public shaming initiated on social media to deprive someone of their usual clout or attention with the aim of making public discourse more diffused and less monopolized by those in positions of privilege. Conversely, cancel culture has also been framed as a form of intolerance against opposing views. In this essay, I unpack the nuances and implications of cancel culture through Neil Alperstein’s concept of “virtual collective consciousness.” In Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines, cancel culture has become more demonstrable on social media. I will use a case study of a public figure from the Philippines who has been subjected to cancel culture in order to examine the complexity of this social phenomenon.