Public Housing Policy Research Articles

Creating inequality in accessibility: The relationships between public transport and social housing policy in deprived areas of Santiago de Chile

This paper identifies the very limited connectivity provided by the current public transport system to the most deprived groups of Santiago de Chile, and explores the territorial aspects of transport and social housing policies that have contributed to the creation of unequal public transport schemes. To achieve those aims, we present a review of public policies in Chile and the results of an original quantitative analysis that measures the travel times required to access the opportunities and activities located in the city. The results show that housing policies put people at a disadvantage by increasing the distance between them and the opportunities of the city. Three decades after the implementation of housing policies, transport still fails to mitigate these distances and instead of alleviating the patterns of segregation, it may have reinforced them. The travel times required increase towards the periphery (even though densities do not decrease) and are higher than the averages of the city in social housing estates.

가족생애주기별 공공임대주택의 인식 비교연구 : 서울시를 대상으로

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of public housing associated with its necessary, supply, and types by family life cycle to provide implications and suggestions. For empirical analysis, family life cycle was classified into four types: emerging family, family formation, family with school-age children, and family contraction. Difference in life cycle perception was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan post hoc analysis. As a result, this study confirmed that family with school-age children had the most negative view on public housing. In addition, family formation and family contraction showed high need for public housing. Moreover, it is necessary to actively improve educational and residential environments through developing public housing because families with school-age children considered that educational and residential environments from public housing development had significantly negative impact on their children. Since family formation and family contraction typically tend to have high interest in public housing to meet the needs of life cycle, it is necessary to pursue customized public housing policy that can actively reflect the interests of each life cycle. In addition, public housing and management policies are needed to improve public housing awareness.

A Comparative Analysis of the Satisfaction of Public Rental Housing Residents by Social Mix Type Focused on seoul Metropoplitan City

To alleviate the problem of low-income housing, the government built a large public rental housing complex. This has caused social exclusion problems in the region and the periphery. In order to minimize such social problems and to realize social integration, the policy of mixed housing was promoted. This study analyzed the overall residential satisfaction and characteristics of residents who are real consumers of public rental housing according to social mix type. The results of this study are as follows. The satisfaction of the residents differed according to the residential environment and social mix type of the public rental house. On the other hand, the characteristics of social mixed type showed relatively high residential satisfaction in the adjacent type. In order to promote public lease housing policy, it is necessary to have an active social mix policy such as random mix in addition to the physical aspect.

A QUESTÃO HABITACIONAL NO BRASIL

This article discusses housing in Brazil, which is one of the main urban problems in contemporary times. Housing is a high cost commodity with selective access, thus excluding economically disadvantaged social groups. The segregating character that permeates the housing issue is evidenced as a historically established process in our capitalist society. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to analyze the housing situation in Brazil, in view of Brazilian urbanization and the commercialization of urban land and housing, considering that housing is a key issue in public policies, projecting itself as a material form of social inclusion. Thus, this research made it possible to perceive that the housing problem in Brazil has not been totally solved yet. To this end, the provision of housing for low income families is indispensable, through well-developed and effective public housing policies that guarantee social development, combat poverty and seek a better quality of life for all citizens.

回归后香港公共住房政策审视及实施成效 —— 基于社会可持续性的视角

回归后香港公共住房政策审视及实施成效 —— 基于社会可持续性的视角

“We the Tenants”: Resident Organizing in New York City’s Public Housing, 1964-1978

In the 1960s, resident organizers in New York City brought demands for jobs, political power, and self-determination into public housing from local freedom struggles. Facing budget shortfalls and political hostility, the city’s Housing Authority built alliances with these activists. The partnership programs they created—the Tenant Patrol and the Residents Advisory Council—engaged thousands of residents in community programming, employment opportunities, and political activism. Resident organizing improved working-class neighborhoods, helped preserve public housing, and connected residents to broader struggles for social and economic justice. This article situates tenant organizing within histories of public housing, social movements, and antipoverty policy, and argues that these efforts helped to sustain and improve the lives of poor and working-class New Yorkers in an era of scarcity.

Future directions for social housing in NSW: new opportunities for ‘place’ and ‘community’ in public housing renewal

ABSTRACTLarge scale Estate Renewal Projects (ERPs) have been a prominent feature of recent public housing policy in Australia. These projects are often presented as an urban panacea intended to solve the social and asset challenges that have left estates as neighbourhoods of ‘concentrated disadvantage’. Communities Plus, a component of the recent Future Directions for Social Housing in NSW policy represents a recommitment to place based ERPs. These plans include a broad range of social and physical environment interventions that “create opportunities for innovation through partnership”. Past research has sought to understand the impact of social mix policies. Or have championed an idealistic agenda for urban design and renewal. This research establishes a nuanced understanding of how conceptions of ‘community’ and ‘place’ are deployed by stakeholders to navigate social housing renewal by approaching ERPs from three directions: lived experience, discourse and spatial form. The article draws on interviews, place audits, and participant led photographic surveys from two Sydney ERPs to argue that estate renewal is a complex and often site-specific undertaking. Deployed sensitively, Communities Plus may have significant potential to ensure equitable renewal of NSW’s social housing estates.

Community housing emerges from the shadowlands: Property rights and the implications of a national regulatory framework under the Community Housing National Law

This article discusses community housing and the legal and funding arrangements that have evolved for this sector. The author examines the nature of community housing and explains how it has emerged out of public housing policy. In particular, there is a focus on property rights especially from the perspective of community housing providers both in relation to head leasing and tenancy agreements. The article reviews the Community Housing Providers’ National Law especially in relation to the innovations in ‘statutory’ contracts and the vesting of land title in registered providers in New South Wales. The author argues that evolving trust in community organisations underscores these reforms, but that the project is far from finished. Housing providers must evolve to face the challenges that lie ahead.

Deconcentrating the poor via public housing policy: What really matters?

This paper explores the role of costs of moving in Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) households' residential location choices and performs a policy simulation predicting the impact of geographically targeted rental subsidies and housing search and counseling services on voucher holders' locational choices. We choose households that received housing vouchers from 2008 to 2010 in the twin cities of Champaign-Urbana in Illinois and track their residential locations using restricted-use administrative data. We adopt the Mixed Logit (ML) approach to model voucher holders' locational choices accounting for heterogeneous preferences over costs of moving factors and dwelling and neighborhood attributes. Our main findings show that the HCV households are responsive to costs of moving indicating that there is a strong disincentive for the moves. The ML model results reveal a high level of statistical significance of heterogeneity in preferences among the HCV households providing empirical evidence to support previous literature that recipients would face different levels of costs of moving based on their socio-economic characteristics. The estimates also suggest that geographically targeted rental subsidies exert a larger relocation effect, moving 22.87% of high-poverty residents into low- and mid-poverty neighborhoods, when they are combined with a local housing authority's housing search counseling and supportive services.

Towards a Prosperous and Productive Chiapas: Institutions, Policies, and Public-Private Dialog to Promote Inclusive Growth

Since the Zapatista revolution of January 1994, enormous amount of resources coming from the federal government have poured over Chiapas. The gap in years and quality of education has been reduced significantly; and road, port and airport infrastructure have undergone a dramatic transformation. And yet, the income gap between Chiapas and the rest of Mexico has only widened. To understand why, a multi-disciplinary team of twelve experts have devoted significant time and resources to study different aspects of the development dynamic of Chiapas. As a result, 5 base documents have been published analyzing Chiapas: – Complexity profile – Growth Diagnostic – Institutional Diagnostic – Poverty profile – Pilot of productive dialogs and inclusive growth in an indigenous community This report resumes the findings from these and articulates their corresponding recommendations into a policy plan. According to our hypothesis, Chiapas is wedged in a low productivity trap. A modern production system, responsible for productivity increases, income and development elsewhere in the world, requires a number of complementary inputs or capacities that are absent in Chiapas. As a result, its economy consists of a few primary products of little or no technological sophistication, and a vibrant service industry fueled by public expenditure in its larger cities. In this situation, there are no incentives to acquire additional education or skills because there is no demand for them in the economy. As we have proved, the few that manage to emigrate earn salaries elsewhere in Mexico slightly above other migrants with similar qualifications. As it turns out, it is not about the Chiapanecos, it is about Chiapas. To overcome the current dilemmas and spark the engine of growth, Chiapas needs to resolve its issues of coordination, connectivity and gradually promote economic activities of higher complexity. Yazaki, one of the few manufacturers present in Chiapas, is an example of the role of the state in helping the economy to overcome the chicken-and-egg dilemmas, providing the public goods required – in an initial push – by a more complex economy. Our recommendations are based in identifying the productive capabilities embedded within the current productive structure of Chiapas four largest urban agglomerations, and leveraging on them to board on different potential, more complex industries that use a similar base of knowledge. To conquer those industries and diversify its economy, Chiapas needs a public-private agency empowered to iteratively solve the issues and bottlenecks these potential industries face in each particular place. Public transport and housing policy can be used as means to incorporating the surrounding communities into the increasingly modern economies of urban centers. Special economic zones and agro-industrial parks can be used to spur productivity in those areas where labor and appropriability are the most binding constrains.

우리나라 공공임대주택정책의 경로변화 -보금자리 주택, 행복주택을 중심으로-

본 연구는 우리나라 공공임대주택정책은 '왜' 역대 정부에 따라서 경로변화를 할 수밖에 없었는가를 신제도주의 한 분파인 역사적 제도주의의 비교 역사적 분석방법과, 역사적 제도주의의 한계점을 보완하기 위하여 등장한 핵커(Hacker, 2004: 248)의 경로 진화모형을 혼합하여 분석하고자 한다. 우리나라는 고도의 산업화와 도시화로 인하여 이농현상이 초래되었으며 여기에 따른 부작용으로 주택문제가 심각한 사회문제로 대두되었다. 이러한 주택문제를 해결하기 위하여 역대 정부는 어떠한 정책을 시행하였는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 5,16군사정변으로 인한 제3공화국의 등장, 대한주택공사 설립, 정권의 정통성 부재에 대한 여론 호도용 이라는 우연성과 결정적 시기를 계기로 공공임대주택정책의 경로가 시작되었다고 보고 본 연구에서는 심층적인 연구를 하기 위해 경로진화 과정 중 이명박 정부의 '보금자리주택',과 박근혜정부의 '행복주택',을 비교 분석함으로써 공공임대주택정책의 현주소를 진단하고, 향후 공공임대주택정책의 바람직한 방향을 제시하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. The research is our public rental housing policy are 'Why' Did you no choice but to make the route changes, according to previous governments neo-institutional one fine history of care institutions, Historical analysis method and historical comparison system was complementary to the borders of the principle of hacke to appear (248 hacker, 2004 :) that the path to the model attempts to analyze a mix of evolution. Our country has a high degree of exodus due to industrialization and urbanization have caused and here, by means of side effects to housing was becoming serious social problems. Has this to solve housing problems governments have any policy to take a look at the latest. 5, 16 5,16 Military Coup caused by the advent of the Third Republic ; lack of legitimacy of the regime established, the Korea Housing Corporation randomness that for over the cracks and a consensus on the critical period of Public Rental Housing begins to engage in further studies in this study reported paths of Lee Myung-bak administration during the course of evolution 'of nest housing', and government 'happy homes', Park Geun-hye, a diagnose and address the state of the public rental housing policy by comparison, the next of Public Rental Housing A desirable destination of the study to present.

Gendering the Urban Social Movement and Public Housing Policy in São Paulo

A deteriorating economic scenario, a critical mass of unmarried female heads of households, and the institutionalization of the São Paulo housing movement in the 2000s contributed to women’s taking on a new public role within the movement. The strong presence of women at different levels of this social movement was a necessary but not determining factor in generating public awareness about gender-differentiated needs and claims for access to housing. Female leadership and a strategic alliance with the women’s movement and with nongovernmental organizations and local elected officials contributed to the development of gender-specific public housing policies. O cenário de deterioração econômica, a massa crítica de mulheres solteiras na qualidade de chefes de família, bem como a institucionalização do movimento por moradia em São Paulo no início deste século contribuíram para que as mulheres desempenhassem um novo papel nessa ação. A forte presença de mulheres em diferentes esferas desse movimento social foi um fator necessário, embora não determinante, para gerar consciência social sobre o acesso à moradia baseado em diferenças de gênero. A liderança feminina e a aliança estratégica do movimento das mulheres, além da participação de organizações não-governamentais e de políticos eleitos, auxiliaram no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para moradias com base na especificidade de gênero.

进退维谷——香港公营房屋政策的困境与挑战

进退维谷——香港公营房屋政策的困境与挑战

Public housing and educational attainment in Asia's global city: An empirical study of Hong Kong

In recent years, the relationship between public housing and children's educational attainment has been a hotly debated topic in urban housing and education policy studies. Most studies on the subject have been based on experiences in western cities characterized by a diminishing and residualized public housing sector. It remains unknown whether the same mechanisms identified in the extant literature can be applied to make sense of the situation in alternative social and housing contexts. This study assesses the impact of public housing residence on the educational achievement of children in Hong Kong within a stable and resilient public housing sector. A propensity score matching estimation reveals that children aged 19–22 living in public housing are less likely to study for a degree in a local university and more likely to be not in employment, education or training than their private housing counterparts. Given the favorable physical and neighborhood environment characterizing public housing in Hong Kong, this negative relationship tends to suggest an account in connection with the restricted access to high-performing schools for public housing children. The paper challenges the perceived notion about the unambiguously positive social impact of public housing scheme in the context of Hong Kong. The case study points to the need for a place-specific analysis of the variegated mechanisms linking public housing with children's education. It highlights the practical implications for a closer integration of public housing and public school policies in Hong Kong.

A (in)efetividade das políticas públicas voltadas à realização do Direito à Moradia dos estrangeiros residentes no Brasil

O presente artigo apresenta um trabalho que teve por escopo questionar a efetividade do direito à moradia para os estrangeiros residentes no Brasil, não excluindo os que se encontram no país de modo irregular. Para tanto, fez-se necessário analisar, primeiramente, a tutela jurídica à moradia na qualidade e sob a titularidade dos direitos humanos e fundamentais assim previstos. Posteriormente, se observou as facetas da atuação do Estado quanto à promoção de moradia adequada aos estrangeiros, por meio de políticas públicas habitacionais ineficientes, cujo objeto determinante deveria ser a efetivação do direito à moradia. Após tais análises, buscou-se refletir sobre as consequências fáticas e jurídicas da restrição ao acesso de estrangeiros aos programas habitacionais. Por conseguinte, constatou-se que, devido a certas conduções errôneas da problemática, os estrangeiros acabam por viver à margem da sociedade e, assim, tornam-se mais vulneráveis frente aos desafios para se enquadrarem em uma nova realidade, dotada de preconceitos, discriminações e falta de oportunidades, ou seja, uma realidade cruel, distante de garantir os direitos, de fato, aos estrangeiros

Libertarian Paternalism and Self-Government Housing Policy in Poland

The article pertains to the issue of libertarian paternalism in relation to public housing policy in Poland. Libertarian paternalism is an idea developing on behavioral grounds, the main task of which is ensuring paternalistic protection and social care by the government and local self-government administrative organs, while at the same time maintaining the society's freedom of choice and increasing social-economic well-being. In the article, the issue of libertarian paternalism is described, a set of instruments of the described concept is implemented for purposes of working out solutions to problems connected with the housing policy of territorial self-government units in Poland (communes), and the proposed solutions validated in a post-socialist country. The work is of a conceptual-remedial character. Within it, selected tools in the scope of behaviorally informed interventions, serving to implement solutions that increase the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations of public organizations under conditions of dynamic decentralizing changes, have been indicated. The most important conclusions arising from the deliberations carried out make it possible to look at housing policy in Poland through a prism of a modern market economy.

A Case Study of the Conservative Party's Public Housing Policy in the UK : Comparing Thatcher's Reforms and Cameron's Reforms

A Case Study of the Conservative Party's Public Housing Policy in the UK : Comparing Thatcher's Reforms and Cameron's Reforms

Community Building in Social-mix Public Housing: Participatory Planning of Ankang Redevelopment Plan

The AnKang Affordable Housing is the biggest low-income community in Taipei. The city government is promoting the new public rental housing policies to renew the community. The social mix strategy is adopted to expect a more healthy and cohesive community. By means of participatory research, this paper suggests that the different income-mixed community have to plan various social programs and spaces for empowering low-income households. Then, the shaping of positive social interaction among diverse groups of residents needs to be fully integrated into the future housing management system.

From central to marginal: The trajectory of Israel’s public-housing policy

Over the past decade, in the wake of the global housing crisis, many countries have again turned to public housing to increase the supply of affordable housing for disadvantaged residents. Because the literature and past experience have generally shown public-housing policies to be contrary to the urban-diversity approach, many countries are reshaping their policies and focusing on a mix of people and of land uses. In this context, the Israeli case is particularly interesting. In Israel, as in many other countries (such as Germany and England), there was greater urban diversity in public-housing construction during the 1950s and 1960s (following the state’s establishment in 1948). However, at the beginning of the new millennium, when many countries began to realise the need for change and started reshaping their public-housing policies in light of the urban-diversity approach, Israel responded differently. In this study I use urban diversity’s main principles – the mix of population and land uses – to examine the trajectory of public-housing policy in Israel from a central housing policy to a marginal one. The findings and the lessons derived from the Israeli case are relevant to a variety of current affordable-housing developments in many places.

Criminal Histories in Public Housing

As America attempts to remedy the harsh sentencing policies enacted during the “War on Drugs” in the 1980s and 1990s, hundreds of thousands of ex-offenders are being released from jails and prisons annually. Upon release, these individuals will confront legal obstacles in their quest to reenter society. Based solely on the fact of prior criminal conviction, new releasees will inevitably confront statutory “civil” penalties severely limiting their most basic opportunities for employment, education, and housing. Known as “collateral consequences,” these penalties relegate ex-offenders to the status of second-class citizens by systematically depriving them of individual rights and privileges. Professor Gabriel “Jack” Chin has classified this socioeconomic phenomenon as the “New Civil Death.” This Article focuses on one cluster of collateral consequences that deprive those who have paid their debt to society of a basic necessity — affordable housing.Collateral consequences are sanctions specifically targeted at individuals with criminal convictions. They operate outside the normal criminal process and are not considered in criminal sentencing determinations. They are characterized as “civil” in nature and thus exempt from most of the constitutional protections that are triggered by the criminal process. The basic principle underlying these penalties can be stated simply: individuals who do not play by the rules do not get to play the game. Thus, those with criminal histories are less deserving of socioeconomic opportunity, as they have demonstrated that they will not play by the rules. In the past 20 years, reentry scholars and advocates have encouraged the review and reform of a number of collateral consequences. For example, Christopher Uggen and Jeff Manza’s 2000 study demonstrated the way in which felon disenfranchisement could affect election outcomes. Today, most states reenfranchise upon completion of a criminal sentence. More recent scholarship that focused on immigration likely influenced the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Padilla v. Kentucky. Moreover, for the past decade, not for profit agencies, as well as governmental bodies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), have worked on implementing fairness standards in both the public and private employment markets. Housing consequences, while not ignored, must also be critically reexamined and reformed.This Article adds to the existing reentry scholarship and advocacy by identifying and examining issues in the administration of federal public housing policy and inequities inherent in the current system. More specifically, this Article explores federal public housing policies regarding the use of criminal history information in determining the eligibility of applicants seeking admission to federal public housing programming. This criminal history information includes not only criminal convictions but also arrests and prior drug use. I argue that in light of recent federal reentry initiatives, federal housing law must be substantially reformed.