Public Hospitals In Indonesia Research Articles

Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale- short form: A confirmatory factor analysis

BackgroundFathers play a significant role in supporting sustaining exclusive breastfeeding. It is crucial to assess paternal confidence in assisting mothers during breastfeeding. Research aimThis study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale- Short Form among Indonesian fathers. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 fathers whose wives gave birth to the baby in public hospitals in Indonesia. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient. We evaluated the convergent, divergent, predictive, and construct validity. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor structure model with satisfactory fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha (0.96), McDonald's Omega coefficient (0.97), and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.99) indicated an excellent reliability of the scale. The father's breastfeeding self-efficacy was positively correlated with the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy (r= 0.251, p < .001), and negatively associated with symptoms of depression (r = -0.150, p < .01) and anxiety (r = -0.314, p < .001). We also found a positive correlation between BSES-SF and exclusive breastfeeding at two weeks postpartum (r = 0.538, p < .001). Fathers who were employed and their partner was multipara, had a vaginal birth, practiced skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in, and exclusive breastfeeding were more confident to support their partner's breastfeeding. ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of the paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale- Short Form is a reliable and valid tool for screening and assessing fathers’ confidence in assisting mothers in breastfeeding.

The impact of nurse empowerment program on patient safety culture in general public hospital in Indonesia

Background Patient safety is crucial to health-care quality and is one of the major parameters monitored by all health-care organizations around the world. Nurses play a critical role in improving the quality of care and patient safety because of their intensity in caring patients and families. Objectives This study aimed to determine the impact of nurse empowerment program on patient safety culture in general public hospital in Indonesia. Methods This study was designed as a quasi-experimental design in Indonesia. This program was conducted for three months with a five-day workshop (4 h for each day), followed by hanging up posters and handing out informative pamphlets to the experimental group's nurses and supervisors at their place of work in three common place that visited by nurses such as changing room, nurse station and near toilet. Results In the intervention group, patient safety culture practice score was significantly increased from 3.11(standard deviation [SD] = 1.43) before intervention to 4.89 (SD = 1.33) after three-month intervention (T2), with the t was 5.78, and p = .001. While in the control group, no significant increased score of patient safety culture practice before intervention and after three months intervention (3.05 ± 1.49 vs. 3.09 ± 1.25, t = 0.76, p = .516). Conclusion The implementation of this innovative empowerment program, which included nurses and supervisors, resulted in an increase in patient safety culture scores as well as growth in domain score. Therefore, this program can be used to advance these critical facets of patient safety culture, which are currently underdeveloped.

Top Management Characteristics, Performance Measurement Systems Design and Strategic Change of Reformed Public Hospitals in Indonesia

This study examined the impact of top management characteristics on strategic change in public hospitals in Indonesia, focusing on the mediating role of performance measurement system (PMS) design. Questionnaires were distributed to 157 top managers from Indonesian regional public hospitals undergoing reform. The findings indicate that younger, short-tenured top managers with business administration backgrounds are likelier to lead the strategic change, specifically the shift from a defender to a prospector strategy. Additionally, PMS design partially mediates the relationship between top managers' age, educational background, and strategic change. However, no significant mediation effect of PMS design was observed in the relationship between top managers' tenure and strategic change. These results suggest that healthcare organizations should consider their top managers' characteristics when planning and implementing strategic change. The role of PMS design in facilitating strategic change should also be carefully evaluated, especially when considering younger and less-tenured top managers as change leaders.

Dialectic and Life-cycle of Institutional Logics in IT Governance: Insights from Healthcare Context

In a complex organizational setting, various stakeholders maintain and display diverse institutional logics due to the different nature of their professional backgrounds. Prior studies show that the existence of these multiple institutional logics often leads to competing interplay that instills conflict. However, little is known about how these institutional logics change and develop in a broader organizational discourse. To address this knowledge gap, the present study reports empirical findings from six public hospitals in Indonesia, investigating the dynamic interplay between stakeholders with different institutional logics that influence and shape IT governance. Our analyses suggest that institutional logics change and develop in two modes of change: dialectical and life-cycle modes, in which multiple logics contradict and/or evolve in response to their institutional environments. Our study offers a new understanding of the dynamics of the underlying institutional logics of IT governance.

Determinants of employee performance at public hospitals in Indonesia: Examining the moderating role of organizational culture

Performance refers to the outcome or overall degree of achievement exhibited by an individual within a specified timeframe in executing duties about a range of potential outcomes, including conventional work outputs, goals, objectives, or mutually established benchmarks. With a moderated organizational culture, this study aims to analyze the effect of good corporate governance, organizational commitment, and internal controls on employees’ performance at public hospitals in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The paper employs an associative approach to the quantitative data type. The sample consists of 102 public hospital employees in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study used a questionnaire to collect the data and SEM-PLS to analyze the data. The research results show that good corporate governance, organizational commitment, and internal control affect employee performance at public hospitals in North Sumatra, Indonesia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Good corporate governance affects employee performance moderated by organizational culture (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Organizational commitment affects employee performance moderated by organizational culture (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Internal control affects employee performance moderated by the organizational culture at public hospitals in North Sumatra, Indonesia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The implication is that organizational culture has a role attached to the individual level of an employee and as a strategy to improve employee performance.

Refining core competencies of first-line nurse managers in the hospital context: A qualitative study

ObjectivesAs the world moves towards a new normal, challenges continue to emerge while simultaneously inspiring us with new solutions. Strengthening the skills of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) to fulfill a wide range of complex roles and responsibilities effectively necessitates refining core competency guidelines or standards. This study aimed to explore the perceived core competencies of Indonesian FLNMs within the context of the post-pandemic era. MethodsThe study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in a public hospital in Indonesia from January 2022 through August 2022. Seven head nurses with direct experience managing a unit during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and validated by re-listening. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsFour main themes of the core competencies developed, including 1) managerial core competencies, 2) clinical core competencies, 3) technological core competencies, and 4) socio-emotional skills/personal traits consisting of the following: be brave, fast, patient, optimistic, consistent, and responsible. ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that the managerial and clinical core competencies of the FLNMs must be aligned, while technological core competencies are the mediating component of both. Personal traits are essential for FLNMs as they undergird the other three core competencies and the success of the FLNMs.

Analysis of the Effect of Work Stress and Workload on Work Performance in FMC Bogor Hospital Nurses in 2023

The hospital provides services in inpatient, outpatient and emergency departments. The increase in the number of hospitals every year from 2016 amounted to 2046, expanding in 2021 to a total of 2514 public hospitals in Indonesia. (Statistics Center data for 2016-2021). This shows that the level of hospital competition is getting tighter, so the demands for hospitals to improve nurse performance are getting higher. Work performance can be affected by several things, including stress and workload based; research in local Indian hospitals showed 34% of nurses experienced moderate stress, and as many as 2% experienced high stress, to cause physical and mental health problems; another study involving nurse subjects at Makassar hospital also showed nurses who experienced stress and felt a heavy workload until work performance decreased by 91.7%. This study aims to see the relationship and significant influence between work stress and nurse workload on nurses' work performance. The research method is a cross-sectional analytical study and a method of research sampling with total sampling techniques. The results of univariate studies showed that most subjects were female, 65.7%, age range 26-30 years, high level of work stress (53.9%), and moderate workload (76.3%). The bivariate results in this study showed a relationship between nurses' work stress and workload (p value 0.024). Research shows no workload relationship to work performance (p value 0.84). The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression showed that the variable work stress was associated with p value 0.011, with high stress having 11,014 times and low stress 3.522 against low work performance. The conclusion of the study can be seen in the relationship of work performance variables to stress, and high stress causes nurses to have a risk of 11,014 times experiencing low work performance.

Proposed Marketing Strategy to Increase a Positive Brand Image of RSUD Subang

Health is a mandatory responsibility of the regional government regarding essential services, as stated in Article 12, Paragraph (1), Letter b of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning regional government, which has undergone several amendments, most recently by Law Number 11 of 2020, known as the Cipta Kerja Law. According to research conducted by the Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Statistics Agency) in 2022, out of a total of 2,514 public hospitals, 329 of them are situated in West Java, accounting for 13% of the total. This finding reaffirms that West Java continues to have the highest number of public hospitals in Indonesia. One of these hospitals is the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (Regional General Hospital) in Subang, owned by the Regional Government of Subang Regency as a Special Organizational Unit, in accordance with Subang Regent Regulation Number 102 of 2021. However, in early March, there was a negative perception among the public about RSUD Subang, potentially stemming from instances of patient rejection leading to death. The objective of this research is to propose a marketing strategy to improve the healthcare industry’s brand perception in Subang. The research will employ a quantitative methodology, utilizing questionnaires distributed to both patients treated at Subang Hospital and residents of Subang to gather precise data. Once the data is collected, it will be processed using SMART PLS (Partial Least Squares) analysis. The research findings indicate that companies can implement marketing activities that positively influence electronic word of mouth, thereby enhancing the brand image. Consequently, this approach can help rectify the negative perception of RSUD Subang prevalent in society. Based on these findings, the author provides several recommendations derived from internal and external analyses, including a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths) analysis for RSUD Subang. The suggestions involve implementing a social media plan, conducting marketing campaigns, and maximizing customer testimonials to foster a positive brand image.

Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Public Hospitals in Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review Approach

The purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough literature review to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the implementation and characteristics of good corporate governance in public hospitals. In February of 2022, a comprehensive evaluation of research findings published between 2018 and 2022 was conducted for this study. This study analyzed 51 documents after the screening procedure, of which 12 were relevant and 39 were irrelevant. The findings of this study indicated that the growth of hospital governance in Indonesia is primarily tied to patient satisfaction and hospital performance. In these studies, variables such as transparency accountability responsibility, independence, and impartiality are frequently mentioned, but organizational culture is also a crucial aspect of hospital governance. This study also identified the factors that facilitate or impede hospital governance implementation in Indonesia, particularly in public hospitals. Uncertainty in the regulations and laws regulating the implementation of public/government hospital governance is one of the contributing factors. Improving the implementation of hospital governance is crucial for improving the efficacy of Indonesian hospitals. By casting light on the key characteristics and challenges of hospital governance, the study provides valuable insights that can assist policymakers, healthcare administrators, and other stakeholders in enhancing corporate governance practices in public hospitals.

Do Vision and Mission Really Matter? The Management Control Experiences of Reformed Public Hospitals in Indonesia

Purpose: This study aims to investigate how reformed public hospitals in Indonesia design and implement their vision and mission as a management control (MC) mechanism. Theoretical framework: This study employs the Simon’s Levers of Control (LOC) framework and focuses on the belief systems lever. Design/methodology/approach: A semi-structured interview was used in this study to conduct qualitative research. The informants are 13 top management team (TMT) members from four BLUD public hospitals (PH) in Indonesia. The qualitative interview data were condensed, displayed, and analyzed. To analyze the data, the thematic deductive analysis approach was utilized. Findings: This study concluded that in Indonesia, reformed PH's vision and mission remain mostly reliant on those of the local government as well as the accreditation requirement for gaining legitimacy. It is also found that a vision and mission statement reflecting the core values of an organization can be a driver for the MC mechanism as a whole. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This study has practical implications for policy making in the context of BLUD PH management. All hospital components should understand the hospital's vision and mission. It's also vital to establish a vision and mission statement that's relevant to the increasingly competitive business climate of health service providers in Indonesia, so that the strategies used can help the organization attain its goals. Originality/value: This is the first study to examine the relationships between vision and mission, as well as the overall management control system, in Indonesian public hospitals following the reform of the financial management status of public organizations. This study examines how relevant the vision and mission of public hospitals in Indonesia are, as well as how effectively they can adapt to a more competitive and business-focused organizational environment.

Is it possible to achieve a "fit" of management control practices and strategies in Indonesia's reformed public hospitals?

Research aims: This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing management control practices (MPCs) and examine whether MPC is possible and how MPCs as a package "fit” with the strategic choices of Local Community Service Agency (BLUD) public hospitals (PHs) in Indonesia.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study applied mixed-method research with a sequential explanatory strategy. Quantitative data were collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 29 top management team members of eight BLUD PHs in East Java and Bali, Indonesia. Meanwhile, qualitative data were generated by conducting a semi-structured interview with four selected top management team members of BLUD PHs. The data were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by implementing profile deviation analysis, cluster analysis, ordinal regression analysis, and content analysis.Research findings: Quantitatively, the researchers found a negative correlation, yet insignificant, between the “misfit” of MCPs and strategy and management control effectiveness. Thus, the “fit” hypothesis was not supported. Qualitatively, the researchers revealed that BLUD PHs extensively used MCPs and employed them in various ways, including cultural, administrative, and dominantly cybernetic controls. Finally, it can be concluded that using cybernetic controls as a dominant practice is unsuitable for the strategy chosen by BLUD PHs in Indonesia.Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study expands upon what has already been explored in the management control literature concerning how MCPs might be configured to align with organizational strategy, especially in the context of public healthcare organizations. Practically, the reformed PHs in Indonesia are expected to understand better the structure and characteristics of the BLUD-based financial management environment. It is essential for organizations, as it helps them figure out exactly how their management control practices and organizational strategies fit together.Research limitation: Due to the low questionnaire and interview participation, mixed-methods research was underutilized in this study.

THE DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY IN REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the influence of hospital size, hospital type, hospital management, and Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) on the financial transparency of Regional Public Hospitals in Indonesia. The sample size used in this study was 162 Regional Public Hospitals, selected through purposive sampling. The data collected for this research was secondary data. The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as the method for hypothesis testing. The results of this research indicate that hospital size and hospital management have a positive influence on the financial transparency of Regional Public Hospitals. However, the type of hospital and Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) do not affect the financial transparency of Regional Public Hospitals. This study offers a novelty in examining the openness of public hospital information transparency through four measurements, whereas previous studies only focused on three measurements. The contribution of this research lies in presenting an expansion of the literature on public sector accounting, particularly regarding the transparency of hospital information, using four main measurements.

How Information Security Management Systems Influence the Healthcare Professionals’ Security Behavior in a Public Hospital in Indonesia

Aim/Purpose: This study analyzes health professionals’ information security behavior (ISB) as health information system (HIS) users concerning associated information security controls and risks established in a public hospital. This work measures ISB using a complete measuring scale and explains the relevant influential factors from the perspectives of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and General Deterrence Theory (GDT) Background: Internal users are the primary source of security concerns in hospitals, with malware and social engineering becoming common attack vectors in the health industry. This study focuses on HIS user behavior in developing countries with limited information security policies and resources. Methodology: The research was carried out in three stages. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with three hospital administrators in charge of HIS implementation to investigate information security controls and threats. Second, a survey of 144 HIS users to determine ISB based on hospital security risk. Third, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 HIS users to discuss the elements influencing behavior and current information security implementation. Contribution: This study contributes to ISB practices in hospitals. It discusses how HIS managers could build information security programs to enhance health professionals’ behavior by considering PMT and GDT elements. Findings: According to the findings of this study, the hospital has implemented particular information security management system (ISMS) controls based on international standards, but there is still room for improvement. Insiders are the most prevalent information security dangers discovered, with certain working practices requiring HIS users to disclose passwords with others. The top three most common ISBs HIS users practice include appropriately disposing of printouts, validating link sources, and using a password to unlock the device. Meanwhile, the top three least commonly seen ISBs include transferring sensitive information online, leaving a password in an unsupervised area, and revealing sensitive information via social media. Recommendations for Practitioners: Hospital managers should create work practices that align with information security requirements. HIS managers should provide incentives to improve workers’ perceptions of the benefit of robust information security measures. Recommendation for Researchers: This study suggests more research into the components that influence ISB utilizing diverse theoretical foundations such as Regulatory Focus Theory to compare preventive and promotion motivation to enhance ISB. Impact on Society: This study can potentially improve information security in the healthcare industry, which has substantial risks to human life but still lags behind other vital sector implementations. Future Research: Future research could look into the best content and format for an information security education and training program to promote the behaviors of healthcare professionals that need to be improved based on this ISB measurement and other influential factors.

The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Antibiotic Use in Bone Fracture Patients in a Public Hospital in Indonesia

Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has an important role in facilitating optimal postoperative healing. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals will increase the cost of therapy and the incidence of nosocomial infections of infectious microorganisms. Preoperative prophylactic antibiotics are believed to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. Objective: This study aims to determine the pattern of antibiotic use and analyse the use of antibiotics qualitatively by the Gyssen method and quantitatively by the defined daily dose (DDD) method in inpatients with bone fractures at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study conducted on 89 samples. Data were collected retrospectively through medical records in the period January-December 2019. Antibiotic use data were then analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Gyssen and DDD methods. Results: In this study, the antibiotic that was widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic in patients with bone fractures was ceftriaxone. Quantitative analysis using the DDD method showed that the value of ceftriaxone was 45.6/100 patient-days and cefazoline was 3.1/100 patient-days. Analysis of antibiotic use in bone fracture patients using the Gyssen method showed that the rational use of antibiotics was 84.3%, the use of antibiotics was not timely as much as 4.5%, and the interval of antibiotic administration was not appropriate as much as 11.2%. Conclusion: the use of antibiotics in fracture surgery patients is classified as rational use of antibiotics but the use of antibiotics still exceeds WHO standards. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a similar study with prospective data collection so that it can observe the incidence of surgical wound infection.

Treatment Evaluation of Hemodialysis Patients In General Public Hospital In Indonesia

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the final stages are indicated to obtain renal replacement therapy, namely dialysis. Dialysis is meant both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze treatment in CKD patients undergoing outpatient hemodialysis at RS X. This type of research is an observational study with a cross sectional (retrospective) approach using medical record documents and patient treatment data. Analysis of the treatment uses descriptive statistic. Research data is quantitative data. The sample of the study is 74 patients. The results indicate the accuracy of the indication (100%), the accuracy of the patient (76,65%), the accuracy of the drug (79.55%), and the accuracy of the dose (96.57%).

The Antecedence and Consequences of Patient Satisfaction in Emergency Department of XYZ Hospital

Data on patient visits to the emergency room from all visits to public hospitals in Indonesia are always increasing from year to year. In line with this fact, the Community Satisfaction Index survey data conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2017) reported that hospital services have not met patient expectations or in other words the level of patient satisfaction is still low. This study aims to determine the influence of service quality factors consisting of responsiveness, tangible, empathy, assurance, and reliability in influencing customer satisfaction and to analyze customer satisfaction as a mediating variable on revisit intention in the Emergency Room (ER) at XYZ Hospital. This study used quantitative research and data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The target population of this study were all patients undergoing treatment in the emergency room at XYZ Hospital. Based on data for August 2022 there were 2,564 outpatients. The number of samples was determined as many as 200 samples. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was applied in this study. The results showed that revisit intention was positively influenced by patient satisfaction in the emergency room at XYZ Hospital, and service quality had a positive effect on patient satisfaction. The practical implications of this research show that to maintain revisit intention in the XYZ Hospital Emergency Room, one must always listen to the voice of consumers, and have the ability to respond to every wish, expectation and demand of service users of health care facilities.

Complaint Management Performed at X Public Hospital in Indonesia

Health consumers or patients become aware of their health literacy by obtaining, processing, understanding, and communicating health-related information when they come to health decisions. However, background knowledge obtained would set patients' expectations and satisfaction, and the expression of patients' expectation gap that creates dissatisfaction or concern with a service provided is called complaint. This present study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding about the role and activities of public relations on patient complaint management at X public hospital in Indonesia. This research applied a qualitative method using the purposive sampling technique. The research finding showed that the informants at the hospital lacked communication and public relations knowledge, and no training was given to the staff involved in communication matters. This absence of an academic foundation to guide the work directly affects the professionalism of the public relations manager, especially during managing complaints and making policies. As a result, the public relations department of the hospital did not have a direct channel for the patients to register their complaints, and the only indirect patient complaint facility aimed at the public relations was not managed by the public relations department. In short, this study shows that the public relations manager did not have a management role on the complaint management at the hospital, which consequently brings a snowball effect to the overall management of complaints due to the practices of encroachment, and the hospital must provide more training and professional coaching to bring back the role and functions of public relations.

The Epidemiologic and Sociodemographic Features of Superficial Fungal Infection Among Children in East Java Suburban Public Hospital

Background: Superficial fungal infection is a common skin disease among children, causing morbidity and reducing quality of life. The disease's prevalence and etiological agents change with geographic area, age, humidity, and sex. The data on this matter is still limited in Indonesia. Purpose: To determine the current epidemiologic and sociodemographic features of superficial fungal infection among children. Methods: This descriptive study examined all the pediatric inpatients and outpatients at the Department of Dermatology and Venerology of East Java suburban Public Hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 who met the inclusion criteria. Result: From 2016 to 2020, the number of fungal infection patients was 12.3% (n = 175) among 1,427 dermatology patients. Pityriasis versicolor (PVC) is the most common fungal skin disease (4.1%), followed by tinea capitis (2.2%), tinea cruris (1.6%), and tinea corporis (1.4%). Subjects aged 6 to 12 years old were the most likely to be infected with a fungus. Boys were more likely to develop this infection. Conclusion: From 2017 to 2020, there was a downward trend in children's superficial fungal infections. Pityriasis versicolor (PVC) is a fungal skin ailment that cause the most cases compared to other fungal infections. Boys and children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old were the most susceptible to fungal infection.

The Effectiveness of Religious Therapy on the Psychological Condition of COVID-19 Patients in Isolation Treatment at a Regional Public Hospital in Indonesia

Religious therapy is a coping strategy that can be used to deal with stress. When patients are first diagnosed with COVID-19 they may feel anxious, shocked and sad, especially when it is stated that they need to undergo isolation treatment; it can feel as if all hope and happiness has been lost. Religious coping can be used to create spiritual happiness and psychological happiness, and may help minimize or even eliminate anxiety and depression that occurs in patients undergoing isolation treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of religious therapy on the psychological condition of COVID-19 patients undergoing isolation in hospital. This research used a quasi-experimental design involving a control group. The sample included 34 respondents (17 in each group). In the intervention group, religious therapy was given by reciting dhikr sentences and prayers for the sick. The dependent t test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed a significant difference in the anxiety and depression scores before vs. after the patients were given the religious therapy intervention (p-value &lt; 0.05 for both). Therefore, this study found that religious therapy can be effective in reducing anxiety and depression. The findings of this study could be used to provide an alternative recommendation in managing coping strategies to deal with stress among hospitalized patients.&#x0D; Keywords: anxiety, depression, religious therapy

Predicting factors of organizational citizenship behavior in Indonesian nurses

This present study investigates the relationship between transformational leadership, learning culture, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, it also examines the mediating role of learning culture and job satisfaction on transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. This study utilized online questionnaires to collect data from nurses in a public hospital in Indonesia. Partial least square (PLS) was used as an analysis tool for 205 collected data. The findings indicated that transformational leadership did not significantly affect organizational citizenship behavior, but this has substantial implications for learning culture and job satisfaction. Both learning culture and job satisfaction significantly and positively predict organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, learning culture and job satisfaction act as perfect mediators between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. This study suggests leaders to maximize a systematic learning program and to pay attention to the nurses’ job satisfaction rate to improve organizational citizenship behavior. The findings also provide learning culture and job satisfaction as critical factors, directly and indirectly, in motivating employees to perform organizational citizenship behavior.