Development Of Public Health System Research Articles

Dose the increasing burden of social endowment affect sustainable development of economy?

The rapid increase in the number of older people under the background of population aging has gradually changed the disease spectrum of society, making aging diseases more prevalent, and increasing the demand for health care services, medical and health services, and health insurance among older people, ultimately leading to increasing household and social spending on old age. This study is conducted to assess the impact of those spending burden on the sustainable development of economy and find out some practical and effective solutions. This paper constructs a theoretical model to illustrate the relationship between the old-age dependency ratio and the marginal product of capital (MPK), and then establishes a two-way fixed effect model based on transnational panel data of 81 countries from 1981 to 2017 to verify this relationship empirically. This paper finds that, after controlling a series of variables, an increased burden of old-age dependency leads to a decline in the MPK, a key macroeconomic variable and also a sustainable development criteria, but in which health care, health security systems, and technological innovation play a key and moderating role. The conclusion is also valid after tackling the problem of endogeneity with different methods, like two-stage least squares (TSLS) and the generalized methods of moments (GMM). Overall, before population aging, countries that are old-but-not-rich should encourage more supply-side investments in public health system or technological innovation, and adjust retirement system, or gradually encourage childbearing to strive for time and space for later sustainable development of public health system and economy.

MEDICAL AND SOCIAL REASONING FOR IMPROVING THE ORGANISATION OF PREVENTING AND FIGHTING SKIN CANCER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Scientific reasoning for improving the organisation of cancer prevention and the providing onco-dermatological care to the population in the conditions of the public health system development.
 Materials and methods. The article includes the method of system approach as well as bibliosemantic, epidemiological, medical and statistical, sociological, expert assessment, content analysis, structural and logical analysis, modelling methods. Sources of information are the data from scientific literature, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the sociological research among various groups of participants in providing healthcare services and strategic documents of the national and international levels.
 Results. Unfavourable trends in skin malignancies spread, an increase in their contribution to the burden of the disease and the imperfection of the organisation of skin cancer prevention and the onco-dermatological care to the population were revealed. According to the principles of the state policy and the recommendations of the international organisations the directions of improving the preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic services were reasoned out on the basis of the data from the scientific literature, epidemiological research, spread, locational, gender and age peculiarities of skin cancer among the population, risk factors for their development, estimating the health care resource support, scale and results of the activities, studies of the patients, doctors and health care professionals' opinions. The modern functional-organisational model of the prevention system and control of skin cancer in the conditions of the public health system development with the definition of its principles, structures and functions was reasoned and worked out.
 Conclusions. The practical implementation of the measures for improving the prevention organisation and therapeutic and diagnostic work to fight skin cancer and the developed functional and organisational model of the system of prevention and control of onco-dermatological pathology in conditions of the public health development will effectively prevent onco-dermatological diseases, reduce the burden of skin cancer, improve people’s health and health care performance indicators and contribute to the health care sustainable development and the population’s well-being.

Perspectives on the Development of Public Health System’s Infrastructure in the Context of PNRR’s Implementation

Perspectives on the Development of Public Health System’s Infrastructure in the Context of PNRR’s Implementation

The healthcare effect on the human capital level of the Ural Federal District subjects

Subject. This article discusses policy issues in the field of healthcare. Objectives. The article aims to determine the impact of the public health system's development on economic advancement. Methods. For the study, we used a regression analysis. Results. The article finds that the level of human capital correlates positively with the variable reflecting the development of healthcare, and demonstrates a variety of trends. Conclusions. It is necessary to augment the human capital in the subjects of the Ural Federal District in various areas, namely, the development of education, public healthcare, and social systems, as well as the development of a food culture and healthy lifestyle.

Strategic Health Care Management: Challenges and Realities of Emergencies

The article is devoted to strategic management system improvement in the sphere of health care in conditions of emergencies by the example of Ukraine. Pandemic conditions and military actions substantiate the relevance of the research. The study aims to improve the system of health care system’s strategic management in emergencies. The research’s novelty is proposing a new model of interaction between emergency response bodies. An analysis of foreign experience, scientific literature, and normative regulation was carried out to find problem solutions. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction allow to find weaknesses of strategic management and offer ways of liquidation. The study results show the current state of strategic management in healthcare by systematizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and conducting a SWOT analysis. As a result, weaknesses of the system are identified, and directions for their elimination are proposed. For this purpose, it is necessary to change the work of the Cabinet of Ministers and Health Service with the Emergency Services. The practical value of the research consists in the possibility of application of its results in forming new, more effective strategic aims of public health system development in the case of military operations.

DEVELOPMENT OF KYIV SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE

The aim of the work is to study the processes of development of the Kyiv Social and Hygienic Scientific School during the period of Ukraine’s independency, it’s contribution to the development of medical and social research and development of the health care system.
 Materials and methods. Published scientific papers and reports were used like sources of information. The methodology was based on the using of historical-bibliographic and information-analytical methods.
 Results. Since 1991, a new stage of development of the Kyiv Social and Hygiene Scientific School has been started, closely connected with the state-forming processes in the country. Important scientific tasks of the representatives of this school were the scientific substantiation of the new national health care system, preparation of modern specialists in the sphere of social medicine and health care organization, optimization of organization and management of medical services, development of public health system, etc. Department of Social Medicine and Health Care of Bogomolets National Medical University later was transformed into the Department of Social Medicine and Public Health and continue the traditions according previous years in the development of scientific and educational direction in social medicine and health care organization, filled it with modern content. Members of the school became developers of a number of important strategic and program documents on development of the field, including concepts, state programs, national plans. They actively worked on forming the regulatory and legal base of health care. The department, as a scientific and methodological center of educational process implementation in medical and social direction, has carried out development of new modern educational programs on social medicine, public health and their educational and methodical support. The staff members of the department are developers of educational standards and programs.
 The pedagogical staff of the department headed the work on writing and publishing a number of new national editions and educational manuals to provide teaching of specialized educational disciplines. Over time, the Department’s graduates have joined to the groups of other scientific and educational institutions, which contributed to the expansion and progressive development of the Kyiv Social and Hygiene Scientific School. Active preparation of new personnel of social workers for scientific and educational institutions and practical health care was carried out. International cooperation, cooperation of school representatives with WHO, WHO/Europe and other international healthcare organizations have been strong developed.
 Conclusion. The repairing of Ukraine's independence marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of the Kyiv Social and Hygienic Scientific School, which continues nowadays. It is characterized by active transformation and internationalization of medical, social, scientific and educational trends in health care in the context of building a new national health care system, scientific support of reforms, preparation of a new modern constellation of social hygienists, creation of new and strengthening existing schools and development of international cooperation.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CURRENT CHALLENGES AND THREATS

The aim: Analysis of the development and optimization of the public health system in the face of current challenges and threats. Materials and methods: Bibliographic, information-analytical, statistical methods and content analysis were used in the study. An analysis of the regulatory framework for the development of the public health system, including WHO strategic documents and national legislation was conducted. A critical assessment of the pre-existing public health system under the Semashko model was provided. The main stages of development of the new public health system of Ukraine, it's structural, financial and economic, organizational and managerial, scientific and educational, information and communication aspects are described. Reporting materials of the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and regional health centers, the state institution «Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine» and state institutions «Laboratory Centers of Ukraine» were analyzed. Results: The development of the national public health system in Ukraine is carried out in accordance with the main directions of state policy, recommendations of the WHO and other international organizations in health care and aims to ensure health and well-being, prevent and minimize the negative consequences of current challenges and threats to population health. The public health development strategy is defined and enshrined in the legal framework. Structural development includes the creation of a national, 23 regional public health centers, a network of local structures, their staffing, the formation of a network of training institutions and their continuous development. The organizational and managerial strategy provides coordination of activities, intersectoral and intersectoral cooperation, improvement of technological and resource provision of institutions and institutions of the public health system. Financial and economic activities include multi-channel financing of structures and public health activities. Information and analytical activities provide effective monitoring of health and well-being, obtaining organizational and managerial and government structures objective information for making sound management decisions. Conclusions: Development of the national public health system in Ukraine and its optimization is carried out in accordance with the main directions of state policy, recommendations of the WHO and other international organizations in health care and aims to ensure health and well-being, prevent and minimize the negative consequences of modern challenges and threats to population health. Optimization of the public health system includes a number of measures of functional-structural, organizational-administrative, regulatory, financial-economic, scientific-educational, information-analytical nature, aimed at ensuring the implementation of the main operational functions of public health.

Health-care system's development in the regional eco-economic space

Subject. This article looks into the economic and environmental aspects of the public health system's development at the regional level. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the trends of the impact of environmental and economic parameters of individual areas of the region on the population incidence rate. Methods. For the study, we used a correlation analysis. Results. The article determines a direct relationship between the environmental situation in the analyzed areas and their economic potential, emphasizing that a high economic potential of the area provokes a high anthropogenic load on it. However, there is no obvious dependence of cancer morbidity rate on the ecological state of the administrative territories. Conclusions. Insufficient funding in certain territories can be a factor in the deterioration of the quality of human capital due to the low medical services availability level. Public-private partnership can be a way to attract additional sources of financing.

Responsibilities and mission of the Public Health System in promoting the development of Healthy China

In order to promote the development of Healthy China and improve the health of the Chinese people, the Chinese government released the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan in 2016. However, whether current construction and development of public health system in China can promote the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy or not needs to be further evaluated. In the study, we summarize the achievements and challenges in the development of the public health system in China, draw conclusions about the weakness and structural contradiction in the process, and propose relevant policy recommendations in order to bring into better play the role of the public health system.

Organizational and methodological providing of management of territorial centers of public health according to the concept of public health system development

Organizational and methodological providing of management of territorial centers of public health according to the concept of public health system development

ПРОФІЛАКТИКА НАДЛИШКОВОЇ МАСИ ТІЛА НАСЕЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ

The article highlights the negative trends of deteriorating health of the population in our country, which requires a responsible attitude of society and the state to strengthen and preserve the health. It becomes necessary to identify new approaches and develop programs of problems solving in the field of public health, because the current system of health care in Ukraine does not actually provide a preventive component, as it is stated in the Concept of Public Health System Development. It is noted that among a number of dangerous diseases and other important health problems, the problem of overweight remains relevant for all age groups and has no boundaries. One of the causes of overweight and obesity is the disturbance of the energy balance between the calories consumed and the calories expended, that is, excessive consumption of high-calorie foods and low levels of physical activity, especially during a pandemic. Ensuring the health and well-being of people is one of the most important goals of the world community, reflected in the basis of European policy. The achievement of European standards of quality of life and well-being of the population is one of the main tasks defined by the Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine–2020». The main directions of reforms should be to increase the personal responsibility of citizens for their own health, ensuring their free choice of health-care providers of appropriate quality, the provision of targeted assistance to the most vulnerable segments of the population, and the creation of a business-friendly environment in the health-care market. Theoretical studies on the choice of efficient methods for studying overweight suggest that scientists have proposed dozens of different approaches, including both simple measurements and the most modern and expensive. But the the definition of the body mass index (BMI) remains the most convenient. This index is more closely related to the fat content of the human body than other anthropometric body mass-to-height ratios, and is therefore widely used in clinical practice. The dynamics have been investigated and important questions of preventive action on overweight and obesity have been pointed out, the reasons for the increase of the respondent body weight have been indicated, and recommendations have been made for the preservation of individual health in the context of a pandemic.

РОЗБУДОВА СИСТЕМИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я ЯК ПРІОРИТЕТ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

РОЗБУДОВА СИСТЕМИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я ЯК ПРІОРИТЕТ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

Enlightenment of the United Nations high-level summit on non-communicable disease prevention and control on the development of public health system in China

The Third UN High-level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases was held on September 2018. The conference carried out a series of activities on the theme of "Time To Deliver", and adopted the 2018 Political Declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases. The new "5×5" strategy for non-communicable diseases prevention and control was clearly put forward, slow progress of non-communicable diseases prevention and control was criticized and the seven major challenges hindering the progress of non-communicable diseases prevention and control was analyzed, the main role and responsibility of governments at all levels in coping with the challenges of non-communicable diseases was reiterated, and put forward clear requirements. The declaration also reiterates the importance of strengthening public health measures. The meeting and declaration aroused strong repercussions and were regarded as a milestone to promote the global prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, and also brought a series of important inspirations for the development of public health in China in the new era. In order to cope with the heavy burden of non-communicable diseases in China, we must give full play to our institutional advantages, mobilization advantages and organizational advantages, adhere to prevention-oriented, emphasize the role of professional public health institutions, and consolidate and strengthen the disease control system and capacity building.

Development of public health system since the incunabula age until today

Development of public health system since the incunabula age until today

Factors Affecting the Progress of Community Health Assessment and Improvement Activities in Kansas

Community health assessment (CHA) and community health improvement planning (CHIP) are important functions for local health departments (LHDs) but may present challenges, particularly in rural settings. The purpose of this 2-year, mixed-methods study was to identify factors that impede or promote the timeliness and quality of CHA-CHIP completion in Kansas. Focus group interviews, conducted at baseline (2012) and at 1 year (2013), included 15 and 21 groups, respectively. Scores from a 12-item attitudinal survey that explored participants' confidence to perform CHA-CHIP activities were collected in tandem with focus groups. Kansas counties that planned to conduct a CHA-CHIP process during 2012 and/or 2013 were eligible to participate. There were 128 study participants (57 in 2012, 71 in 2013), who were predominantly female (83%), aged 51 years or older (61.4%), and lived in rural areas (84.6%). Public health region representation in 2012 and 2013 was 73% and 93%, respectively. Changes in perceptions about CHA-CHIP inputs, process, outputs, outcomes, and self-efficacy to perform CHA-CHIP activities were explored. Progress in CHA-CHIP implementation was reported in 2013. Most participants perceived the CHA-CHIP process as valuable and enhanced the LHD's visibility. Rural participants reported having completed the CHA phase, whereas urban LHDs had progressed into the planning and implementation stage. Potentiators of the CHA-CHIP process included (1) parallel assessment activities conducted by other community organizations, and (2) for rural counties, a functioning 501(c)3 community health coalition. Perceptions about the importance of partnership and leadership were unchanged. A multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant time effect and rural-urban difference in perceived self-efficacy. Workforce development and public health system development issues are central concerns identified by this study. Local health departments with constrained resources and limited staff, despite additional training, are unlikely to develop the capacity needed to effectively support CHA-CHIP, making long-term sustainability uncertain.

Acerca del proceso de construcción de la psicología clínica en España como especialidad sanitaria = On the construction of clinical psychology in Spain as a health specialty

The constitution of clinical psychology as a health speciality in Spain is only understable within the framework of the modernization process that took place in Spanish society after the restoration of democracy. Spanish public health systems development and deep transformation, the process of reform of health assistance in mental health (with the psychiatry reform), and the creation and consolidation of the psychological intern residents training system for the capacitating of specialists were the factors that allowed the collective of psychology professionals, with an im- portant contribution from academics sectors, to start the process of constructing clinical psycholo- gy as a health speciality.

Status quo and prospect of public health system in Shanghai

The government and general public has paid unprecedented attention to the public health after the outbreak of SARS in 2003. Based on the first and the second round of Three-year Action Plan for Public Health System Construction, the public health system in Shanghai has been gradually improved. The city's public health security has been increasingly consolidated and people's main health status and indicators have been constantly improved. Nowadays, the third round of Three-year Action Plan will be started. This paper will review the development of public health system in Shanghai in recent ten years, analyze the possible problems and challenges in the future and put forward the development direction and strategy of the system. Key words: Public health; Public health system; Status quo; Prospect