Schools Of Public Health Research Articles

Exploring the Nature of Diversity Dishonesty within Predominantly White Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health at the Most Highly Selective and Highly Ranked U.S. Universities

The concept of “diversity dishonesty” has emerged as a pressing concern within highly selective and highly ranked schools of medicine, pharmacy, and public health at elite and highly ranked U.S. universities, particularly in the context of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts. This phenomenon, defined as a lack of sincerity and genuineness in an organization’s commitment to genuine and measurable change regarding diversity, raises significant questions about the authenticity of their endeavors. Organizations often engage in surface-level or performative actions related to diversity, creating the illusion of progress and dedication while failing to enact substantive and meaningful advancements in promoting diversity and inclusivity. This applied research inquiry uses a review of literature, research theories, and research frameworks to delve into the nuanced dynamics of diversity dishonesty, exploring how organizations demonstrate a commitment in form but not in substance. The practice of tokenism, where diverse individuals are hired and prominently featured in organizational materials but are not genuinely valued, emerges as a defining characteristic of diversity dishonesty. Moreover, when questions regarding the authenticity of their commitment arise, organizations may resort to gaslighting minorities, further exacerbating the issue. Recognizing the critical need to address diversity dishonesty, this article comprehensively explores frameworks to understand and combat this phenomenon. It seeks to engage with viable theories, problem-solving approaches, and contextual models that can illuminate the complex interplay of factors contributing to diversity dishonesty. By shedding light on the mechanisms through which elite and highly ranked predominantly White schools of medicine, pharmacy, and public health engage in performative acts without enacting transformative cultural change, this research aims to pave the way for more genuine and impactful DEI efforts and future research in this area.

Health Behaviours and the Quality of Life of Students of Medical Fields during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) Background: Social distancing and closing down public spaces associated with learning, leisure and physical activity limited the spread of COVID-19. These measures had an impact not only on the economy and education but also on health behaviours and the quality of life of individuals affected by the restrictions. The aim of this study was to identify the role of health behaviours in the perception of the quality of life of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: This study was conducted among 796 students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in the first quarter of 2022. Subgroup 1 consisted of students at the Public Health School (n = 428; 53.8%) and subgroup 2 consisted of students belonging to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (n = 368; 46.2%). The diagnostic survey method was applied, and an original survey questionnaire, the Health Behaviour Inventory and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref version) were used. (3) Results: The largest contribution to the prediction of quality of life of students in subgroup 1 was made by a positive mental attitude related to avoiding too strong emotions, which explained 19% of the result variability in the somatic domain (ßeta = 0.24; R2 = 0.21), 20% of the result variability in the psychological domain (ßeta = 0.36; R2 = 0.20), 16% of the result variability in the social domain (ßeta = 0.52; R2 = 0.17) and 17% of the result variability in the environmental domain (ßeta = 0.19; R2 = 0.19). Moreover, in subgroup 2, a predominantly positive mental attitude significantly predicted quality of life in the somatic domain, explaining 23% of the result variability (ßeta = 0.24; R2 = 0.26), while it explained 25% of the result variability in the psychological domain (ßeta = 0.47; R2 = 0.25), 16% of the result variability in the social domain (ßeta = 0.46; R2 = 0.17) and 21% of the result variability in the environmental domain (ßeta = 0.38; R2 = 0.23). (4) Conclusions: Positive correlations between health behaviours and the quality of life among the study participants were determined. Health-promoting behaviours had a beneficial impact on the respondents' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The category of health behaviours described as a positive mental attitude was an important predictor for the participants' quality of life.

A Virtual Interprofessional Death Café to Increase Comfort With End-Of-Life Conversations

The Death Café model has been adopted in lay and professional communities world-wide to foster agenda-free discussion about death. To address the discomfort discussing death common among healthcare trainees and professionals, the authors coordinated a virtual, interprofessional Death Café within an academic medical community. Students and faculty affiliated with Schools of Nursing, Medicine, and Public Health at a United States academic center were invited by email to participate in a virtual Death Café. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous postevent survey about their level of comfort discussing death. Forty-six of 69 Death Café attendees completed the survey. About 77.8% agreed that this event positively impacted their perspective on end-of-life discussion and 80% reported feeling more comfortable talking about death and dying after the event. These preliminary findings suggest this virtual Death Café model provides a feasible, acceptable platform to increase comfort discussing death among healthcare trainees and professionals.

Preventing Pilonidal Sinus Recurrence With Laser Hair Epilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. High recurrence rates still pose a considerable challenge in managing PSD, with no universally accepted guideline inplace to guide management. Laser hair epilation offers a way to reduce recurrence rates with reports within the current literature demonstrating positive outcomes compared to alternative approaches. This review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement standards. The primary outcome measure was the recurrence rate of PSD at a minimum of one year following laser hair epilation. The electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)were searched. OpenMeta Analyst (Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI) software was used for data synthesis. Three randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with laser hair epilation treatments offering a significant reduction in PSD recurrence rateson odds ratio analysis: 0.319 ( 0.160, 0.636), P-value = 0.0001. Secondary outcomes involving patient disability days, caregiver disability days, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores, healthcare satisfaction scores, and perceived stigma were discussed qualitatively. The authors offer a decisive recommendation in favor of laser hair epilation in PSD; however, they recommend further high-quality trials to investigate the ideal timing and frequency of laser hair epilation sessions.

Success Of The Rollins Epidemiology Fellowship In Rebuilding Georgia's Epidemiologic Workforce.

Over the course of the past two decades, attrition within the US governmental public health workforce has passed concerning and become dire. The practice sector has struggled to recruit and retain new talent, despite the infusion of considerable federal investment in workforce expansion initiatives. In 2020, Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health partnered with the Georgia Department of Public Health to establish the Rollins Epidemiology Fellowship Program. Initially created to recruit and place early-career master of public health-level epidemiologists into Georgia's public health system for COVID-19 pandemic response, the two-year service-learning program has evolved into an effective and replicable model of direct academic involvement in strengthening the governmental public health workforce. Here we describe the program's structure and early results, spotlighting it for consideration by the federal government and other jurisdictions interested in directly engaging academia in efforts to revitalize the public health workforce.

Outcome of RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Patients with COVID-19 Symptoms: A Study in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital

<i>Introduction: </i>Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in China rapidly spread around the world within short period causing global public health emergency. COVID 19 is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The initial symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia or fatigue, headache, hemoptysis, diarrhea and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hence in diagnosis of COVID-19 RT-PCR of viral nucleic acid is regarded as the reference standard to detect the COVID-19 positive cases. <i>Objective: </i>The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of RT-PCR of the patients with COVID-19 symptoms. <i>Methodology: </i>This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the department of Radiology and imaging in collaboration with the department of Virology and COVID unit in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2022 to June, 2022. A total of 239 OPD patients with COVID-19 symptoms aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were cleaned, edited and entered into computer for analysis. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. <i>Results: </i>In this study a total of (n=239) patients with COVID-19 symptoms were enrolled. According to age distribution, the majority., 142 (59.42%) patients belonged to the age group >52 years, which was the highest and followed by 44 (18.42%) age group (43-52) years, 36 (15.06%) (33-42) years, 14 (5.85%) (22-32) years and 3 (1.25%) <22 years. According to sex distribution, the majority, 167 (69.85%) were male and 72 (30.12%) were female. Distribution by symptoms, all the patients239 (100%) had general weakness and followed by sneezing 221 (92.46%), fever 236 (98.74%), headache 228 (95.39%), cough 232 (97.07%), respiratory distress, 225 (94.14%), cough and SOB, 237 (99.16%), loss of smell, 212 (88.74%), lac of apatite, 224 (73.72%), asthma 218 (91.21%) and pneumonia, 118 (49.37%). In RT_PCR lab test results, the majority 195 (81.58%) were observed COVID-19 Negative (-) and 44 (18.41%) were observed COVID-19 Positive (+). Among the positive cases, the majority 26 (60%) were male and 18 (40%) were female. <i>Conclusion: </i>This study prevailed around 20 % of the patients with COVID-19 symptoms got COVID-19 Positive in RT-PCR lab test results. Therefore, the patients with COVID-19 symptoms must conduct RT-PCR lab test for their being sure of their COVID-19 affection. At the same time, the male are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than their counter part female.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

<i>Introduction:</i> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). <i>Methodology:</i> This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. <i>Results:</i> A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m<sup>2</sup> and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m<sup>2</sup> (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). <i>Conclusion:</i> This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.

Human exposure to formaldehyde and health risk assessment: a 46-year systematic literature review.

After confirming that formaldehyde (FA) is carcinogenic, many studies were conducted in different countries to investigate this finding. Therefore, according to the dispersion of related studies, a bibliometric review of the current literature was performed with the aim of better understanding the exposure to FA and the resulting health risk, for the first time, using the Scopus database and the two open-source software packages, Bibliometrix R package. After screening the documents in Excel, the data was analyzed based on three aspects including performance analysis, conceptual structure, and intellectual structure, and the results were presented in tables and diagrams. A total of 468 documents were analyzed over period 1977-2023, in which 1956 authors from 56 countries participated. The number of scientific publications has grown significantly from 1977 (n = 1) to 2022 (n = 19). Zhang Y., from the Yale School of Public Health (USA), was identified as the most impactful author in this field. The Science of the Total Environment journal was identified as the main source of articles related to exposure to formaldehyde by publishing 25 studies. The United States and China were the most active countries with the most international collaboration. The main topics investigated during these 46years included "formaldehyde" and "health risk assessment", which have taken new directions in recent years with the emergence of the keyword "asthma". The present study provides a comprehensive view of the growth and evolution of studies related to formaldehyde and the resulting health risks, which can provide a better understanding of existing research gaps and new and emerging issues.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CERTIFICATE PROGRAM «GLOBAL HEALTH» AS A COMPONENT OF THE TRAINING OF PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALISTS

The aim: to develop a modern certification program "Global Health" for the continuous professional development of public health professionals. Materials and methods. The study employed bibliosemantic, informational-analytical, medical-statistical, sociological methods, and content analysis method. The research program included an analysis of the main competencies of public health professionals, as defined by the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) and the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education; analysis of existing certification programs on global health; conducting sociological surveys of public health professionals regarding priority topics and preferred learning methods. The research was based on normative documents, electronic resources, and the results of sociological research. Statistical processing and mathematical analysis of materials were conducted using statistical analysis methods. Results. It was established that global health issues are significant in shaping the professional competencies of public health professionals, considering the requirements of the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education and those, defined by the European List of Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals ASPHER. The study of these issues was identified as important for continuous professional development based on sociological surveys of disease control and prevention center employees (38.4 out of 100 respondents). Among various forms of education, webinars (62.2±3.8 out of 100 respondents) and online learning (60.4±3.8) are most in demand. Analysis of the obtained data led to the justification of the "Global Health" certification program. In the developed "Global Health" certification program, 26.7% of the workload corresponds to lectures, 33.3% to practical classes, and 40% to preparatory work. Structurally, it covers 2 modules and 8 topics on current issues of the impact of globalization on health and analysis of global health indicators. Conclusions. The "Global Health" certification program meets the requirements of normative documents, considers contemporary challenges and consequences of globalization on health, highlights global health trends, and its topics are in demand among disease control and prevention center professionals.

COMPUTATIONAL LEADERSHIP: REMAINING INNOVATIVE AND PEOPLE‐CENTERED IN THE AGE OF AI

AbstractSpisak conducts a variety of activities and areas of research, including being a research associate at the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University). His major concept, computational leadership, is described as a “leadership process that seamlessly integrates high‐quality data and state‐of‐the‐art technology with practical insights and validated social science.” In discussion of his creation of the concept, he writes that “science provides a clear plan of action, data informs this plan, tech scales it, and experience makes it human,” and in the intersection of artificial intelligence/AI and leadership, he notes his personal principle and motto: “Leadership First, Tech Last.” He writes of the dangers and potential pitfalls of organizational use of chatbots, and of the dangers of “blind adoption of technology without a robust plan in place.” For the application of computational leadership, five steps are outlined, which in his words are (1) Define Ambitious Goals Guided by Science (2) Leverage Data for Strategic Decision‐Making (3) Embrace Technology with Purpose (4) Combine Experience with Innovation (5) Communicate Your Vision Clearly. Responsible AI is outlined in his words in four imperatives: Informed participation; transparent objectives; Employee and Stakeholder Well‐Being; and Data Management.

Research hotspots and frontiers of Realgar based on CiteSpace knowledge graph analysis

This study employed knowledge graph technology to analyze the research status and hot spots of Realgar and provide guidance for clinical application and further research of this drug. The research articles both in English and Chinese involving Realgar were retrieved from five databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and Web of Science. And NoteExpress, a literature management software was used to screen literature. CiteSpace was utilized for visualized analysis and presentations of the authors, institutions, and keywords. 2 879 articles in Chinese and 194 articles in English were included. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and Journal of Ethnopharmacology were the top Chinese and English journals in terms of publication volume. Realgar is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases, blood diseases, and cancer. JIANG Hong was the author who have published more articles in Chinese and English working with teams. School of Public Health of China Medical University and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences published the most articles in Chinese and English. The research on Realgar mainly focuses on clinical application, mechanism of action, reduction of toxicity, and enhancement of efficacy. The authors and institutions of Realgar research are mainly concentrated in China. The study on the mechanism of treating hematological diseases and cancer with Realgar, as well as the research on its effects of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy, are the current research hotspots. The mechanism of "same treatment for different diseases" in Realgar needs to be further explored. It is urgent to carry out interdisciplinary research on Realgar. This study can provide a refe-rence for the clinical application of Realgar and provide ideas for further research on Realgar.

Comparison of self-efficacy among graduate teaching assistants before and after training

BackgroundTeaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering effective interactions. The self-efficacy of TAs can substantially impact their performance. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the change in TAs’ self-efficacy following their training.MethodsA self-control quasi-experiment was conducted to examine shifts in the self-efficacy of Tas at Peking University before and after their TA training. A questionnaire was used to assess the change, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was also calculated. A paired data rank sum test was used to analysis the changes in TA self-efficacy before and after training.ResultsA total of 372 TAs from School of Basic Medicine (N = 173), School of Pharmacy (N = 112), School of Public Health (N = 69), and other schools (N = 18) submitted complete questionnaires. The questionnaire showed a good performance in internal reliability and validity test (Cronbach’s alpha index = 0.906, and KMO value was 0.903). Participants had a median total self-efficacy score of 88 and 85 before and after the TA training, respectively, which shows a lack in the total TA self-efficacy score following the TA training (P < 0.001). TAs who have no desire to becoming a college instructor have a higher self-efficacy when compared to TAs who have expressed neutral attitudes in becoming college instructors.ConclusionThe participated TAs display a lack of self-efficacy after attending the TA training at Peking University. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and strengthen TA’s self-efficacy beyond academic skills when designing and delivering TA training programs at Peking University.

Relational Approach Towards Decolonizing Curriculum Development within the Colonial Postsecondary Institution

The Canadian academy is dominated by Western epistemologies that devalue Indigenous ways of knowing and marginalize Indigenous communities, cultures, and histories (Louie et al., 2017). This paper draws on a cross-disciplinary, interprofessional collaboration between a School of Public Health Sciences and School of Social Work to develop an online graduate course that sought to advance knowledge and practice in Indigenous wellbeing and health through a social justice lens. We explore key considerations, strategies, and challenges undertaken by an interdisciplinary group of non-Indigenous professors to create a learning experience for students that challenges colonial ways of seeing, being, knowing, and doing in the professional practice fields of public health and social work and that serves to elevate and sustain Indigenous voices, knowledges, sciences, and practices within the academy. In doing so, we centre the process of course development, including working with an Indigenous Advisory Circle and Indigenous contributors of content, guest lecture videos, and artwork. The paper describes the creation of a relational teaching and learning community, while raising concerns about the institutionalization of this approach to Indigenous-focused course development in the absence of the structural changes needed to enhance the presence of Indigenous faculty and Elders in academic institutions.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Positive Cases: A Prospective Study in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also referred to as COVID-19, was first identified in China and rapidly spread throughout the globe, leading to a worldwide public health crisis. COVID-19 is an extremely transmissible disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The main symptoms were of heightened body temperature, inflammation of the lungs, breathing difficulties, muscular discomfort or fatigue, headache, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal disturbance, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of people who have tested positive for COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional prospective investigation in partnership with the Radiology and Imaging department and the Virology and COVID unit at IbnSina Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study took place from January 2022 to June 2022. This study included a cohort of 120 individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 and were above the age of 18. The data acquired underwent analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, specifically version 23.0. The study gained ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health &amp; Life Science at the University of South Asia, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;. Result:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; In this study a total of 120 (n=120)) confirmed COVID-19 positive cases were enrolled. According to age distribution, the majority 63 (52.5%) patients belonged to the age group &amp;gt;52 years and followed by 30 (25%) age group (43-52) years, 18 (15%) (33-42) years, 6 (5%) (22-32) years and 3 (2.5%) &amp;lt;22 years. According to sex distribution, the majority, 82 (68%) were male and 38 (32%) were female. According to distribution of residence, the maximum, 96 (80%) were from urban area and 24 (20%) were from rural area Distribution by clinical presentation, general weakness 120 (100%) and followed by sneezing 114 (95%), fever 116 (96.66%), headache 117 (99.16%), cough 115 (95.83%), respiratory distress, 119 (98.33%), cough and SOB, 118 (99.16%), loss of smell, 212 (88.74%), lac of apatite, 116 (96.66%), asthma 81 (68.50%) and pneumonia, 40 (33.33%)., the Majority 116 (96.66%) had Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and followed by 113 (94.16%) had Hypertension (HTN), 7 (5.83%) Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) 22 (18.33%) had Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and 12 (10%) Thyroid. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusions: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;This study investigated that the highest age group of COVID-19 positive cases was &amp;gt;52 years (52.5%). The majority of the COVID-19 positive cases were male (68%). The majority of the patients were from urban area (80%). Respiratory 119 (98.33) and general weakness 120 (100) were the most common clinical presentations. The maximum patients had Diabetes 116 (96.66% and hypertension 113 (94.16%).

Knowledge Graph Analysis for Chronic Diseases Nursing based on Visualization Technology and Literature Big Data

The use of knowledge graph analysis for chronic disease nursing based on visualization technology and literature big data is an unexplored area of research in this field of study. To uncover research hotspots and developmental trends in the field of chronic disease nursing, and to provide a scholarly reference, we employed mathematical and statistical methods along with CiteSpace literature visualization analysis software for quantitative analysis of extensive literature data from the Web of Science Core Collection. We examined aspects such as publication trends, journals, author collaborations, research institutions, national and regional distributions, keyword co-occurrence, clustering, time zones, emergence, literature co-citations, and more. These analyses identified the current hotspots and future directions for research. Notably, scholars' interest in chronic disease nursing exhibited a consistent upward trajectory. In particular, the field of artificial intelligence technology application in nursing yielded $3,610$ published papers in $141$ journals with more than or equal to $10$ published papers on the topic, accounting for $58.41 \%$ of the total number of published papers in this field of study. Furthermore, the top three publishers were the “Journal of Clinical Nursing,” “Journal of Advanced Nursing,” and “BMC Health Services Research.” Among authors, Hu, Frank B., Willett, Walter C., and Rimm, Eric B., ranked as the top three, and 12 authors had more than 10 publications. The most active research institutions included Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Brigham &amp; Women’s Hospital, University of California System, University of London, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, University of Sydney, and the University of Toronto. The United States, Australia, England, China, Canada, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Sweden, and Germany emerged as the leading countries in terms of research output, while emerging hotspots encompassed topics such as incidence, rheumatoid arthritis, qualitative research, burnout, kidney transplantation, critical illness, COVID-19, Sars-COV-2, public health, and the well-being of medical staff. These findings present valuable insights for prospective research endeavors.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) and Health Impacts of MRI Among the Patients Attending MRI in Dhaka City

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Introduction:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic method in modern clinical medicine. Patients’ knowledge about MRI is of utmost importance for optimizing the workflow, safety, and patient comfort and saving valuable time for the MRI department.&amp;lt;i&amp;gt; Objective:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and health impacts of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among the patients attending in Dhaka city. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methodology:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out at the department of Radiology and Imaging in Islami Bank Central Hospital &amp; Popular Diagnostic Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2022 to June, 2022. A purposive random sampling technique was used and a total of 200 cases referred for MRI, from OPD, aged above 15 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health &amp; Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; A total of (n=200) cases referred for MRI, from OPD, aged above 15 years were enrolled in this study. The majority 85(42.5%) patients belonged to the age group (46-60) and followed by 72(36%),(36-45) years, 22(11%), (26-35) years, 13(6.5%), (15-25) years and 8(4%), &amp;gt;60 years. The maximum132 (66%) patients were male and the minimum 68(34%) were female. The maximum, 61(30.5%) were graduate and followed by 50(25%) HSC, 30(15%) SSC, 21(10.5%) Primary and 6(3%) had no formal education. Among the study patients, 110(55%) had previous knowledge about MRI. 35(17.5%) patients had previous knowledge about the health effect of MRI.74 (37%) patients had seen close contact of relative/family member to face MRI examination. 196(89%) patients opined conversation is very important before MRI examination. 177(88.5%) patients felt nervous to conduct MRI test and 92(46%) patients practiced MRI before. The maximum 110(55%) felt discomfort. 86(43%) patients opined MRI took long time. 100(50%) of the patients observed metal effect during MRI, 78(39%) patients had MRI phobia and the maximum 18(9%) patients had allergic reaction. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; This study investigated (55%) study patients had previous knowledge about MRI. (17.5%) patients had previous knowledge about the health effect of MRI.(37%) patients felt to have close contact of relative/family member is needed during MRI test,(89%) patients had positive attitude to conversation before MRI examination, 177(88.5%) patients felt nervous to conduct MRI test and (46%) patients practiced MRI. The major impact of MRI on health was discomfort and MRI phobia.

Abdominal CT Scan Role out of Fatty Liver Disease: A Study in a Selected Hospital

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Introduction:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Fatty liver is a hepatic manifestation that can occur as a result of many medical problems and the use of certain drugs. The global prevalence of fatty liver is on the rise due to the escalating obesity epidemic. CT scans have proven to be useful in noninvasively identifying the presence and determining the degree of liver fat. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of CT scan in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of CT scan in identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals. Methodology: The research was carried out in the Radiology and Imaging department of IbnSina Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, spanning from January 2023 to June 2023. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional prospective design. This study encompassed a cohort of 300 individuals, all of whom were above the age of 18 and sought medical attention at the hospital for an abdominal CT scan. These individuals were suspected to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The hepatic fat level in the patients was assessed using a typical CT scan methodology. The acquired data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, especially version 23.0. The study gained ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health &amp; Life Science at the University of South Asia in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Findings: The study included a cumulative total of 300 individuals who were suspected to have the condition. According to age distribution, the maximum 203 (67.66%) of the patients were above 52 years and minimum 3(1%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 44 (14.66%) (43-52) years, 36(12%), (33-42) years and 14(4.66%) (22-32) years. The majority of the patients were male 160(53.33%) and 140(46.66%) were female. Distribution by clinical presentation, the patients were suffering from Abdominal pain, Nausea-50(16.66%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 39(13%), Follow Up-60(20%), U. Abdominal pain-91(30.33%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-53(17.66%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-7(2.33%). According to the evaluation of CT scan, 189(63%) patients had fatty liver and 111(37%) patients had normal liver. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; This study investigated 63 % of the study patients were suffering from fatty liver diseases. Therefore, early detection may help them to medicate in a standard approach and to remove health effect in their day to day life.

Students’ Experiences with Interprofessional Service-Learning Global Health Education Pilot Program in Ghana

Interprofessional service-learning programs can help to break down the education and training silos between public health and health care in the United States. This paper describes the development and implementation of one such program between the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Bay Path University Physician Assistant Program, and the Wa-West Health District in Ghana. The program brought together Master of Public Health students and Physician Assistant students to complete an applied practicum and training experience in a low-resource community that faces significant health care and public health delivery challenges. In 2017 and 2018, nine students participated in the two-year pilot program, UMass Amherst Interprofessional Integrated Service Learning and Community-Based Participatory Collaboration. Students completed projects designed by Ghanaian health officials over two summers in direct collaboration with the communities. Findings from the evaluation of the pilot program revealed that though the students faced some challenges with the program, such as language barriers, transportation issues due to poor roads, and difficulty scheduling meetings while completing their projects in Ghana, the majority described their experience as positive and were satisfied. Some expressed the idea that their experiences were something that they could incorporate into their current and future practices. In addition, they reported that interprofessional communications and collaborations were effective. Recommendations are offered to address the program’s challenges for its continuation and formalization.

Lessons Learned From TranslateCovid, a Multilingual Online Resource Hub for Asian American and Pacific Islander Communities and Beyond.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health disparities among immigrant communities. Delivering accurate information and addressing misinformation on protective measures and vaccination to linguistically disadvantaged groups was critical for mitigating the effects of the pandemic. One group that was especially vulnerable to miscommunication about COVID-19 was non-native English-speaking immigrants. To address these disparities, the Asian American Studies Center and the Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, partnered to create a multilingual resource hub, TranslateCovid.org, to disseminate credible and reliable information about COVID-19 safety measures, the science behind the vaccines, and vaccine safety. We identified >1300 verified resources in 60 languages from government, academic, and nonprofit organizations and reposted them on the TranslateCovid website. We also developed public service announcement videos on handwashing, use of face masks, and social distancing in 10 languages and a fact sheet for frequently asked questions in 20 languages. We used a participatory approach to develop strategies for disseminating these resources. We discuss lessons learned, including strategies for forming government, community, and academic partnerships to support the timely development and dissemination of information. We conclude with a discussion on the unique role of universities in promoting equitable access to public health resources among immigrant communities in times of crisis.

Association between concurrence of multiple risk factors and under-5 mortality: a pooled analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey in 61 low-and-middle-income countries

Exposure to multiple risk factors is prevalent in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenging one-directional strategies to address preventable under-5 mortality (U5M). This study aims to assess the associations between concurrence of multiple risk factors and U5M in LMICs. We extracted data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2021 across 61 LMICs. Our primary outcome was U5M, defined as deaths from birth to 59 months. Binary logistic regression model was applied to ascertain the association between U5M and a total of 20 critical risk factors. Upon identifying the risk factors demonstrating the strongest associations, we investigated the simultaneous presence of multiple risk factors in each individual and assessed their combined effects on U5M with logistic regression models. Of the 604,372 under-5 children, 18,166 (3.0%) died at the time of the survey. Unsatisfied family planning needs was the strongest risk factor for U5M (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-2.1), followed by short birth interval (<18 months; OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.9-2.1), small birth size (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8-2.1), never breastfed or delayed breastfeeding (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.9-2.0), and low maternal education (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-1.8). 66.7% (66.6%-66.8%) of the children had 2 or more leading risk factors simultaneously. Simultaneous presence of multiple leading risk factors was significantly associated with elevated risk of U5M and children presenting with all 5 leading risk factors exhibited an exceedingly high risk of U5M (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 4.3-6.3); a dose-response relationship between the number of risk factors and U5M was also observed-with the increment of numbers of leading risk factors, the U5M showed an increasing trend (p-trend < 0.001). Exposure to multiple risk factors is very common in LMICs and underscores the necessity of developing multisectoral and integrated approaches to accelerate progress in reducing U5M in line with the SDG 3.2. This research is funded by Research Fund, Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University.