Public Empowerment Research Articles

The Influence of Financial Reporting Compliance, Apparatus Competence, and Internal Control Systems on Fraud Prevention in Village Fund Management (Study of Village Government in Sikka Regency)

This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of financial reporting compliance, village apparatus competence, and internal control system on fraud prevention in village funds management of Sikka Regency. The study was quantitative and based on positivist philosophy. Moreover, the population was all villages in the Sikka Regency; with respondents namely village head, secretary, treasurer, and Village Consultative Body (BPD). The instrument in the data collection technique was a questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to respondents at the Public Empowerment Office and Village in Sikka Regency for one month. Furthermore, there were 147 villages with 4 respondents in each village. In total, 240 respondents in the Sikka Regency were chosen as a sample. Additionally, the data analysis technique used statistical-descriptive. As a result, both financial report compliance and village apparatus competence affected fraud prevention in village funds management of Sikka Regency. Likewise, the internal control system affected fraud prevention in villages located in the Sikka Regency funds management of Sikka Regency.

Filantropi Islam melalui Program Kerja Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Dhuafa dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Sulawesi Selatan

The development of the zakat institution over the years brings about a change. One of the institutions, the zakat managing organization (opz), dhuafa sulawesi's purses, which released programs related to the empowerment of society. Researchers chose dhuafa's purse-department because of one of the institutions that developed specifically in its economic empowerment program. The study has a purpose to know the implications of islamic philanthropy through opz's work program to promote public empowerment. Research methods used are qualitative descriptive methods, which learn of the phenomenon of observing islamic philanthropy through opz's action program to promote empowerment. Research object of the amil zakat (laz) purses dhuafa sulawesi south (sulsel). Studies study that dhuafa sulsel's wallet laz made a positive impact on people's empowerment.

Empowerment as a Tool in Public Participation and Socioeconomic Development

The constitution of Kenya 2010 has given public participation prominence. Non-State and State Actors acting in the interest of the public should be involved in all public affairs. The 2010 Constitution of Kenya emphasises citizens’ participation. This background prompted this study, whose main objective was to examine the effects of empowerment on socioeconomic development in Kericho County. Participatory democratic theory guided this study. It targeted 550 employees working for the County Government of Kericho. Primary and secondary data collected using interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were key research tools. Enquiries of different types and surveying of facts about phenomena were the pillar of the study hence descriptive research design was deployed. A Target population of 224 officers and a sample of 144 was selected using a stratified sampling technique. Information obtained was checked for completeness, its clarity investigated, dressed and their organisation on the research instruments and analysis followed. Measures of association and descriptive statistics. The study used a a regression model to test the effect of public participation on socioeconomic development. The outcome was presented in the form of subjects such as tables. The finding indicated that the county used public meetings, gatherings and Barraza to enhance empowerment. The study found that equitable allocation of resources, self-help group funding and training assist in public empowerment. Therefore, public empowerment had a significant positive effect on socioeconomic development (P<0.05). This was achieved through public-private, foreign, and national government collaboration in projects. Empowerment programs done using public meetings had the lowest positive significant effect on socioeconomic development (P<0.05); public participation had a significant positive effect on the socioeconomic development of the county government. The study recommends that the county should employ sufficient researcher assistance as well as consider youth, women and persons living with disability enterprise in 30% preference and reservation in procurement

The dynamics of water yield: Case of Kuranji watershed, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Land-use change is the main cause of high runoff in the Kuranji watershed and has social and economic impacts on the public. This study aims to determine the dynamics of watershed water yields and to formulate directions and recommendations for the management of the Kuranji watershed. The dynamics of the water yield in Kuranji watershed were analysed based on the SWAT hydrological model from the conservation area scenarios. The results showed the value of the dynamics water yield in Kuranji watershed is: reliability 0,79 with a duration of 290 days a year, resilience value 0,67 or 67% certainty of success of the watershed to return to normal conditions with a recovery period of 75 days a year and the average vulnerability is 389.466 m3/day. So that the form of a decision to be made with these conditions is that this area can be developed but the types of plants grown must be sensitive to water shortages. The direction and recommendations of the Kuranji watershed management on the future are to grow public awareness through the formation of public perceptions, conservation on target, continuous watershed conservation, public empowerment, and incentive policies governing payment for environmental services.

Peran Lembaga Dalam Memberdayakan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Sumber Daya Alam

This study aims to analyze the role of LMDH in improving public welfare through natural tourism to determine the norms established by LMDH, find out the forms of public participation, and the results of LMDH empowerment in improving welfare through natural tourism. This research is qualitative research using the descriptive method. The techniques used in this research are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data and interpreting logic connected to the context of public empowerment. The results showed that public empowerment, which has been done by LMDH through natural tourism, was strengthening human resources and developing natural resources. The strengthening of human resources with the provision of administrative materials, technical materials, and motivation to have skills and natural resource development. The empowerment results include the emergence of awareness to develop existing potential, increase public income, open business opportunities, and carry out social activities well.

Analisis Kinerja Anggaran Program Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan, Pengangkatan dan Pemberhentian Kepala Desa

This study aims to analyze the budget program regarding the election, appointment and dismissal of village heads in the Community and Gampong Empowerment Office of West Aceh District. Every government agency in Indonesia has a budget, in accordance with “West Aceh District Regent Regulation Number 53 of 2016 Concerning Position, Organizational Structure, Duties, Functions, and Work Procedures of the Wes Aceh District Community Empowerment and Gampong Office” which states that “Public Empowerment Service and Gampong which is the implementing element of government affairs in the field of community and village empowerment which is the regional authority, where the Community Empowerment Service and Gampong have the task of assisting the regent". This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The type of data used is secondary data, namely LKJIP, RKA, DPA from the results of the documentation. The analysis technique used is Expenditure Variance Analysis and Efficiency Ratio. The results of the study prove that the level of budget performance in the election, appointment and dismissal of village heads at the West Aceh Community and Gampong Empowerment Service based on analysis of spending variance is that the remaining unused budget is IDR 291,275,038.00 or as much as 96% of the total budget set. Based on the Efficiency Ratio analysis, the level of budget efficiency in this program is only 3.75%, which means it is in the less efficient criteria.

Global Bioethics in the Post-Coronavirus Era: A Discussion with Roberto Andorno

A discussion with Roberto Andorno about global bioethics and biolaw, the Coronavirus pandemic, and its impact on human dignity and rights. Can we foresee the emerging new profile of global bioethics and biolaw in the post-Coronavirus era? How significant are they going to be in the future, after the enormous pressure that the Coronavirus pandemic has exercised on key political, legal, and ethical values? Must the voice of bioethicists -compared to the ‘hard’ scientific data- be louder in the future concerning decisions about emergency social and medical measures? Is there a hope that public empowerment will support robust, global public engagement and meaningful deliberation? How much does Roberto Andorno’s view on human dignity reveal a supposed commitment to moral realism? The massive deaths of elderly people living in hospices of Sweden, Spain, and Italy, based on an implicit ‘fair innings’ view, has recently posed certain questions on the moral unacceptability of such practices. The same questions arise in the case of the legalization of euthanasia grounded on the implicit acceptance of the view that life is not worth living under certain circumstances. Is it possible that the human rights bodies worldwide will acquire executive power, and how could this become possible? How influential the ‘precautionary principle’ can become regarding clinical and research ethics in the future? How urgent is the importance of the introduction of bioethical education in the curricula of ‘hard’ empirical studies? Roberto Andorno discusses with us all these controversial and under heated public debate issues, giving sometimes provocative answers.

Impact of socio-demographic and economic factors on intimate partner violence justification among women in union in Papua New Guinea

BackgroundJustification of intimate partner violence (IPV) has several implications, including reduced likelihood of help-seeking, increased experiences episodes of partner abuses, and poor health status and outcomes. However, in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where IPV is among the highest globally, little is known about factors influencing IPV justification among women in union. This study aimed at examining the prevalence of IPV justification and associated factors among women in union in PNG.MethodsData from the nationally representative cross-sectional demographic and health survey conducted among women aged 15–49 years during 2016–2018 in PNG were used. In all 9,943 women aged 15–49 years who were married or cohabiting during the survey were included. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed and the results reported as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOverall, almost 7 in 10 women (68.9%, 95%CI:68.0–69.9) justified IPV. Multiple regression analysis revealed that co-habitation (aOR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.17–1.50, p < 0.001), polygyny (aOR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.20–1.53, p < 0.001), exposure to television (aOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.08–1.42, p = 0.002) and richer wealth status (aOR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.01–1.40, p = 0.035), significantly increased the odds of justifying IPV. We found significantly lower odds of IPV justification among women aged 45–49 years (aOR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.37–0.77, p = 0.001) and those with higher level of education (aOR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.42–0.74, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of IPV justification was high among women in union in PNG. Women’s justification of IPV was associated with socio-demographic and economic factors. Our findings call for appropriate strategies including public education and empowerment programmes that target IPV in PNG. Moreover, strategies and interventions to address IPV justification should target the women’s socio-economic and demographic contexts that influence IPV justification.

The Pandemic, Infodemic, and People's Resilience in India: Viewpoint.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused widespread fear and stress. The pandemic has affected everyone, everywhere, and created systemic inequities, leaving no one behind. In India alone, more than 34,094,373 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 452,454 related deaths have been reported as of October 19, 2021. Around May 2021, the daily number of new COVID-19 cases crossed the 400,000 mark, seriously hampering the health care system. Despite the devastating situation, the public response was seen through their efforts to come forward with innovative ideas for potential ways to combat the pandemic, for instance, dealing with the shortage of oxygen cylinders and hospital bed availability. With increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates since September 2021, along with the diminishing number of daily new cases, the country is conducting preventive and preparatory measures for the third wave. In this article, we propose the pivotal role of public participation and digital solutions to re-establish our society and describe how Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can support eHealth initiatives and mitigate infodemics to tackle a postpandemic situation. This viewpoint reflects that the COVID-19 pandemic has featured a need to bring together research findings across disciplines, build greater coherence within the field, and be a driving force for multi-sectoral, cross-disciplinary collaboration. The article also highlights the various needs to develop digital solutions that can be applied to pandemic situations and be reprocessed to focus on other SDGs. Promoting the use of digital health care solutions to implement preventive measures can be enhanced by public empowerment and engagement. Wearable technologies can be efficiently used for remote monitoring or home-based care for patients with chronic conditions. Furthermore, the development and implementation of informational tools can aid the improvement of well-being and dissolve panic-ridden behaviors contributing toward infodemics. Thus, a call to action for an observatory of digital health initiatives on COVID-19 is required to share the main conclusions and lessons learned in terms of resilience, crisis mitigation, and preparedness.

Organizational commitment and professionalism to determine public satisfaction through good governance, public service quality, and public empowerment

Organizational commitment and professionalism to determine public satisfaction through good governance, public service quality, and public empowerment

도시재생을 위한 민·관협력 거버넌스로서 BID(Business Improvement Districts)의 활용 방안*

The purpose of study is to explore how to use business improvement districts (BID) in Korea as a public-private partnership governance for urban regeneration, through the case study of BIDs on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York. The study findings are as follows. First, BID is established and operated through public-private partnership governance that combines public empowerment and private autonomy and independence. The BID governance model is divided into three types according to the governance structure. Second, 42nd Street BID in Manhattan, New York, has become a success story through effective governance and program management strategies, and has contributed to the rise of Manhattan

Challenges faced by community health nurses to achieve universal health coverage in Myanmar: A mixed methods study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the challenges of community health nurses (CHNs) in delivering effective community health care to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) in Myanmar. MethodsA total of 30 CHNs from township health centers in the northeastern, southern, and western parts of Myanmar were purposefully recruited for quantitative and qualitative interviews. Quantitative data were processed using Microsoft Excel software, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is registered with researchregistry6201. ResultsAround the country, 30 CHNs uncovered their hardships in implementing primary health care to achieve UHC. Over 90% of the participants agreed to the problem of inadequate health infrastructure, while half of them felt unmotivated when they encountered role conflicts among various cadres of healthcare providers and poor opportunities for career promotion. Major problems arose from the lack of standard professional education at the entry point to community settings because most CHNs did not achieve specialized training in providing public health services. Complications are incapable of evaluating health services for policy-making and the inability to conduct health research to develop evidence-based practices. Insecure work and living conditions, unsupportive community relationships, and undereducation in professional practices were supportive major themes explored by CHNs to achieve a deeper understanding of the barriers to UHC. Not only the health system itself but also the population and other geographical factors have contributed to many challenges to CHNs. ConclusionMyanmar’s CHNs face many challenges in achieving UHC. These challenges are not confined to the health sector. Some situations, such as geographical barriers and transportation problems, remain persistent challenges for healthcare providers. This study highlights the fact that current health systems should be strengthened by qualified healthcare providers and sufficient infrastructure. Meanwhile, public empowerment plays a critical role in promoting health development.

Pesantren Raudhatul Jannah: Strategi Peningkatan Kemudahan Berusaha Dimasa Pandemi dengan Program-Program Pemberdayaan Keumatan

Pesantren Raudhatul Jannah: Strategies for Increasing Ease of Doing Business in the Pandemic Era with Public Empowerment Programs. The Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School is a picture of an institution that combines the spirit of education and entrepreneurship among its students. This entrepreneurial spirit also empowers the surrounding community by utilizing existing lands. This paper aims to describe the purpose and existence of the Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School and how the efforts of the Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School exploit the existing potential of halal tourism and create various efforts to empower the surrounding community. The increase in Muslim tourists from year to year is an opportunity and a challenge for the tourism sector to develop halal tourism. Halal tourism development is carried out by creating a tour package program. Tourists must take part in activities at the pesantren so that they can memorize the Koran. This program makes Islamic boarding schools the centre of the economy by carrying out various business activities, ranging from raising catfish, goats, planting oranges and bananas

Entrepreneurship Determines Public Empowerment through Good Governance and Public Service Quality

Entrepreneurship Determines Public Empowerment through Good Governance and Public Service Quality

Human genome editing: how to prevent rogue actors

BackgroundHuman genome editing technologies offer much potential benefit. However, central to any conversation relating to the application of such technologies are certain ethical, legal, and social difficulties around their application. The recent misuse, or inappropriate use, by certain Chinese actors of the application of genome editing technologies has been, of late, well noted and described. Consequently, caution is expressed by various policy experts, scientists, bioethicists, and members of the public with regard to the appropriate use of human germline genome editing and its possible future effect on future generations.Main textAs concerns about the applications of heritable genome editing have grown, so too have the questions around what is to be done to curtail ‘rogue actors’. This paper explores various ways in which to regulate genomic editing that are socially beneficial, while being cognisant of legal and ethical principles and rights values. This is done by evolving regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions in an attempt to raise issues, address common principles, and set responsible standards for stewardship of the novel technology.ConclusionsIt is suggested that robust and concrete regulatory measures be introduced that are culturally and contextually sensitive, inclusive, appropriate, and trustworthy – and are based on public empowerment and human rights objectives. Doing so will ensure that we are perfectly positioned to harness and promote the benefits that novel technologies have to offer, while safeguarding public health and curtailing the ambitions of rogue actors. This it is acknowledged is no easy task, so, as a point of departure, this paper sets out a path forward by means of certain, practical recommendations – by constructing genome editing regulation in a manner that both fulfils the desire to better progress human health and that can withstand legal and ethical scrutiny.The following observations and recommendations are made: Firstly, that a solution of effective, legitimate governance should consist of a combination of national and supranational legislative regulation or ‘hard’ law, in combination with ‘soft’ ethics, firmly anchored in and underpinned by human rights values. Second, that efforts to support legal and ethical solutions should be rigorous, practical, and robust, contribute to a reaffirmation of human rights in a contextually sensitive manner, and be transnational in reach. Lastly, that greater harmonisation across jurisdictions and increased public engagement be sought. This it is proposed will address the question of how to implement a normative framework which in turn can prevent future rogue actors.

Lives Saved and Public Empowerment 1 Year after Bleeding Control Training

Lives Saved and Public Empowerment 1 Year after Bleeding Control Training

Organizational commitment and professionalism of State Civil Apparatus to determine public satisfaction through good governance, public service quality and public empowerment

This study aims to investigate factors related to the State Civil Apparatus that influence public empowerment and public satisfaction in Central Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted in the organizational structure of the regional apparatus that provides direct services to the public in the area of Central Kalimantan Province, as many as 14 districts and cities. The result implied that there are significant and positive effects between organizational commitment toward good governance, professionalism toward public service quality, good governance and public service quality toward public empowerment and also public empowerment toward public satisfaction. The novelty of this research is involving the behavior of the State Civil Apparatus to drive public empowerment and public satisfaction. Besides that, this study implicates good governance and public quality service as mediation.

Exploring the consequences of decentralization: has privatization of health services been the perceived effect of decentralization in Khartoum locality, Sudan?

BackgroundThe health system of Sudan has experienced several forms of decentralization, as well as, a radical reform. Authority and governance of secondary and tertiary health facilities have been shifted from federal to state levels. Moreover, the provision of health care services have been moved from large federal tertiary level hospitals such as Khartoum Teaching Hospital (KTH) and Jafaar Ibnoaf Hospital (JIH), located in the center of Khartoum, to smaller district secondary hospitals like Ibrahim Malik (IBMH), which is located in the southern part of Khartoum. Exploring stakeholders’ perceptions on this decentralisation implementation and its relevant consequences is vital in building an empirical benchmark for the improvement of health systems.MethodsThis study utilised a qualitative design which is comprised of in-depth interviews and qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The study was conducted between July and December 2015, and aimed at understanding the personal experiences and perceptions of stakeholders towards decentralisation enforcement and the implications on public health services, with a particular focus on the Khartoum locality. It involved community members residing in the Khartoum Locality, specifically in catchments area where hospital decentralisation was implemented, as well as, affiliated health workers and policymakers.ResultsThe major finding suggested that privatisation of health services occurred after decentralisation. The study participants also highlighted that scrutiny and reduction of budgets allocated to health services led to an instantaneous enforcement of cost recovery user fee.Devolving KTH Khartoum Teaching and Jafar Ibnoaf Hospitals into peripherals with less. Capacity, was considered to be a plan to weaken public health services and outsource services to private sector. Another theme that was highlighted in hospitals included the profit-making aspect of the governmental sector in the form of drug supplying and profit-making retail.ConclusionsA change in health services after the enforcement of decentralisation was illustrated. Moreover, the incapacitation of public health systems and empowerment of the privatisation concept was the prevailing perception among stakeholders. Having contextualised in-depth studies and policy analysis in line with the global liberalisation and adjustment programmes is crucial for any health sector reform in Sudan.

Values of Government Public Relations for a Rocky Road to Participatory Democracy: Testing Public Engagement, Empowerment, and Serenity Hypotheses in Public Sector Communication

Voluntary citizen attention and actions are key to successful public-sector communication. We investigated the conditions which increase such attention and actions using the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) and government-citizen relationships (GCRs). Using three national issues consisting of an environmental issue, a social issue, and a political issue from South Korea (N=275), this study examined three hypotheses regarding public engagement effect (the effect of GCRs on political conversations on national issues), government empowerment effect (the effects of GCRs and issue-specific trust toward government on constraint recognition), and public serenity effect (the effect of issue-specific trust on problem recognition and involvement recognition). We found significant public engagement and government empowerment effects and partially significant public serenity effect. The results of the public serenity investigation found that issue-specific trust toward government was significant with problem recognition but insignificant with involvement recognition. Consequently, the findings illustrate strategic values in government-citizen relationships on public engagement, empowerment, and serenity to enable participatory democracy.

Perspectives on public involvement in health research from Singapore: The potential of a supported group model of involvement.

BackgroundSingapore is an international research hub, with an emphasis on translational clinical research. Despite growing evidence of the positive impact of public involvement (PPI) in research, it remains rare in Singapore.Aims To investigate Singaporean public perspectives around the rationale, role and scope for being involved in health researchTo identify the potential, challenges, facilitators and strategies for implementing PPI in Singapore. DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews with members of the public, analysed using thematic framework analysis.ResultsTwenty people participated. Four main themes emerged: potential benefits; challenges; facilitators; and strategies for implementation. Whilst initially unfamiliar with the concept, all interviewees recognized potential benefits for the research itself and those involved, including researchers. PPI was seen to offer opportunities for public empowerment and strengthening of relationships and understanding between the public, academics and health professionals, resulting in more impactful research. Challenges included a Singaporean culture of passive citizenship and an education system that inculcates deferential attitudes. Facilitators comprised demographic and cultural changes, including trends towards greater individual openness and community engagement. Implementation strategies included formal government policies promoting involvement and informal community‐based collaborative approaches.ConclusionGiven the socio‐political framework in Singapore, a community‐based approach has potential to address challenges to PPI and maximize impact. Careful consideration needs to be given to issues of resource and support to enable members of the public to engage in culturally sensitive and meaningful ways that will deliver research best placed to effectively address patient needs.