Public Elections Research Articles

The PiS, the virus and power

In the fight against the corona virus, the Polish government has imposed significant restrictions on public life and the economy, as well as on the rights and freedoms of Polish citizens. The pandemic situation was announced by decree. Nevertheless, the PiS is determined to continue with plans to hold the presidential elections on 10 May 2020. In order to do so, it has introduced changes to the electoral law, making postal voting obligatory. The restrictions on the right to hold public gatherings are preventing an equal and fair public election campaign. This approach is a cause for concern when it comes to constitutional rights. There is a danger that while attention is focussed on fighting the corona virus, too little notice will be taken among the European general public of challenges to the rule of law.

The Political Activities of Judges: Historical, Constitutional, and Self-Preservation Perspectives

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The Reformation of Party’s Candidates Nomination System for the Public Elections

The Reformation of Party’s Candidates Nomination System for the Public Elections

한국 공직선거 투표용지의 색도에 관한 연구: 색각이상 유권자 관점에서의 투표용지 시뮬레이션

한국 공직선거 투표용지의 색도에 관한 연구: 색각이상 유권자 관점에서의 투표용지 시뮬레이션

The revision of the Public Election Law due to the spread of fake news

The revision of the Public Election Law due to the spread of fake news

Performance of State-Owned Enterprises During Public Elections: The Case of Korea

ABSTRACTState-owned enterprises (SOEs) pursue multiple goals to maximize public welfare. Therefore, governments must evaluate both their economic efficiency and their social effectiveness. However, government performance evaluation (GPE) of SOEs may be affected by political motives. This paper investigates whether SOEs are fairly evaluated by governments during political events. Using Korean data, we find no significant relation between public elections (presidential and national assembly elections) and the financial performance of SOEs. However, the GPE scores of SOEs are significantly lower in years in which a public election is held than in other years. In addition, the GPE of SOEs can be an important determinant of whether or not to replace CEOs. This research sheds light on the political use of the GPE for SOEs.

Political parties in Canada: What determines entry, exit and the duration of their lives?

Two margins of political party life in Canada since Confederation (1867) are analyzed—the extensive margin involving entry and exit (together with party turnover or churning) and the intensive margin determining survival length. The results confirm many hypotheses advanced to explain entry and exit—the importance of social and religious cleavage, election institutions, and economic circumstance. More novel are the findings that public election funding and periods with larger immigration flows have reinforced established parties at the expense of entrants and smaller sized parties. The intensive margin uses a discrete hazard model with discrete finite mixtures to confirm the Duverger-type presence of two distinct long-lived political parties surrounded by a fringe of smaller parties. Both parametric and semi-parametric models concur in finding that public funding and higher immigration flows are as successful in extending the life of established parties as in discouraging entry and exit.

Debundling Accountability: Prosecutor and Public Defender Elections in Florida

I explore the impact of public defender and prosecutor elections using caseload data from Florida. While most states within the U.S. use popular elections to select and retain prosecutors, public defenders are typically appointed positions. Florida is novel in that for both positions popular, partisan elections are used to select the office's leader. I first document important distortions in pre-trial case handling. A public defender re-election is associated with an increase in the proportion of cases resolved via plea bargaining, while prosecutor re-elections are associated with less plea bargaining. At the trial phase, I present evidence that public defender re-elections are associated with a decrease in the proportion of jury trials that result in a conviction, while a prosecutor re-election coincides with an increase in the conviction rate. The results are consistent with voters holding both of these elected officials accountable for doing their job. Public defenders are able to obtain plea bargains at a higher rate and secure acquittals for their clients when up for re-election. Prosecutors do not plea bargain as much and win at trial when up for re-election.

Personal vs. know-how contacts: which matter more in wiki elections?

The use of online social media is also connected with the real world. A very common example of this is the effect of social media coverage on the chances of success of elections. Previous literature has identified that the outcome of elections can often be predicted based on online public discussions. These discussions can be across various online social network with a special focus on the candidate's own accounts. Among many other forms of social media, Wikipedia is a very widely-used self-organizing information resource. The management and administration of Wikipedia is performed using special users which are elected by means of online public elections. In other words, the results of these elections pose as an emergent outcome of a large-scale self-organized opinion formation process. However, due to dynamical, and non-linear interactions besides the presence of mutual dependencies between election participants, a statistical analysis of this data can both be cumbersome as well as inefficient in terms of information extraction. We believe that social network analysis is a more appropriate alternative. It allows for the identification of local and global patterns, identification of influential nodes as well as the contacts involved in the influence. In general, this particular analytic technique can help in examining the internal complex network dynamics. In the current paper, we investigates whether personal contacts matter more than know-how contacts in wiki election nominations and voting participation. We employ the use of standard social network analysis tools such as Pajek and Gephi. The presented work demonstrates the significance of personal contacts over know-how contacts of a person in online elections. We have discovered that personal contacts, i.e. immediate neighbors (based on degree centrality) and neighborhood (k-neighbors) of a person have a positive effect on a person’s nomination as an administrator and also contribute to the active participation of voters in voting. Moreover, know-how contacts, analyzed by means of measures such as betweenness and closeness centralities, have a relatively insignificant effect on the selection of a person. However, know-how contacts, measured in terms of betweenness centrality can positively contribute only to the voting process—primarily due to the role played in passing information around the network. These contacts, also measured in terms of influence domain and PageRank, can play a vital role in the selection of an admin. Additionally, such contacts have a positive association with the voting process in terms of reachability and brokerage roles.

Mapping the Far Right: Geomedia in an Educational Response to Right-Wing Extremism

Across Europe, and probably the world, messages of the extreme right surface with increasing and alarming regularity in both public and virtual space. Within the virtual space, geomedia are increasingly used in nationalist propaganda, a trend which is embedded in a wider development in public discourse, election results, and policies. In Austria and Germany, particular sensibilities due to the responsibility for the Holocaust have developed, leading to various specific education initiatives that address this part of history. This paper presents an activist learning environment using geomedia to deconstruct right-wing extremist discourses, and has been tested used in university settings in Salzburg and Vienna. Using a combination of Instagram and geospatial technologies not visible to learners, results of reflection and learning processes are analyzed qualitatively across two slightly different enactments of the learning environment. Experiences suggest an encouraging potential of geomedia use in critical learning processes, as long as the technology is hidden from learners, forming an incentive, support, and contextualization of the learning process.

Determinants of Voter Perception towards E-Voting System in India: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The aim of the present study was to examine voters' perception of e-voting system in India. Here, e-voting system refers to an online voting anywhere in the country by voters in public elections. The goals of an e-voting system is to increase voter participation and relieve congestion at polling stations on election day. E-voting is similar to no-excuse absentee voting. E-voting system increases the participation of voters in India. The main reason for conducting the research was to know the perception of voters towards acceptability of digital India campaign led by the Government of India. Responses were gathered through 276 prospective travelers having a transferable job and may not be present in their city at voting time. Computer aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) was used to explore the factors through content analysis and the same was empirically experimented by using EFA and CFA through SPSS and AMOS software. The finding suggested that new factors conveyed the perceptions of voters towards accepting e-voting system concepts in India. Further, government organizations as well as voters may perhaps benefit from the research outcome. E-voting may be thought of as a solution of replacing the ballet box and it can lead to transformation of India from a developing into a developed nation.

KONSEP SYURA MENURUT HAMKA DAN M. QURAISH SHIHAB

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>This study is a library research using a philosophical approach and intended to examine how the concept of shura according to Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab’s view, which theygavein interpreting the verses of the Qur’an about shura in Tafsir al-Azhar and Tafsir al-Mishbah. This research will also examine the relevance of the interpretation of Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab about the shura concept in the present context.<br />Based on the research results, Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab assume that shura can be changed to adjust the condition of society. This is consistent with the interpretation of contemporary exegetes. This definition is not conflicting with the interpretation of the classical commentators. However, M. Quraish Shihab then states that it doesn’t need to bind themselves to the verdict of Islamic scholars and even former friends, so causing confusion to think, because there is no clear frame for the detachment. In short, the interpretation of M. Quraish Shihab stained the relativism interpretation. Nevertheless, Hamka’s concept of shura is still in accordance with the interpretation of the commentators so it’s very relevant when it is applied in enforcing the principle of shura in society and the Islamic state. The efforts of some Muslims who build Islam through democracy,for example in Public Election, it does not mean that they recognize democracy as a part of Islam, but it just the way(wasîlah) in maintaining dharûratul khamsah Muslims to consider the serious benefits and harms.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> shura; democracy; Hamka, Quraish Shihab.</p>

PEMAHAMAN MENGENAI UNDANG-UNDANG DAN ETIKA PROFESI AKUNTAN PUBLIK TERHADAP PEMILIHAN KARIER SEBAGAI AKUNTAN PUBLIK

This research aim to know partially and simultaneously influence the understanding of the laws and ethics of the public accounting profession for a career as a public accountant election. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The data source is the primary data. Population, sample and respondents were accounting students UNIBA Surakarta, sampling with random sampling. The research instrument used questionnaires in the validity and reliability. Data analysis method used descriptive test, classic assumption test including normality test, multicolinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test for hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression with t test, F test and test determiasi (R2). H1 result t count > t table (3.591 > 1.991), and the significance 0.001 < 0.05 so Ha is received, so the understanding of the laws public accountant influence on the selection of a career as a public accountant. H2 result t count > t table (2.054 > 1.991), and the significance 0.043 < 0.05 so Ha is received, so the understanding of the public accounting profession ethics influence the election of a career as a public accountant. Test F, F count > F table (13.543 > 3.115) and significance < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), the Ha received so H3 result is that an understanding of the laws and ethics of the public accounting profession simultaneously affect the election as a career public accountant.Key words: Law, Public Accountant, Professional Ethics, Career Selection

الترشيح الحزبي وأثره على السلم الأهلي الجزائر نموذجاً

The majority of the political parties in Algeria including the ruling ones, have lost their credibility among the masses, and despite what these parties are enjoying (power and money), they failed miserably in providing qualified candidates that enjoy the respect of millions of Algerian voters at the level of the parliament and municipal councils. These paper focuses of the reality of political action in the Algerian political parties and the role these parties play in the political development process. It is vital to address de various social needs and the economic development of society to deal with the various conflicts and urgent demands of the society. Equality through political participation and the transition from a culture of submission and clapping, to a culture of participation and monitoring through public election, or by increasing the areas of political mobilization, in addition for the core issue of competence based public office candidates a important issues to deal with. The weakness of political parties in Algeria, and the lack of effectiveness have contributed to underdevelopment poverty and ignorance. Studies and statistics indicate that political parties failed to build a strong, active system. Progress will only take place through the nomination of qualified members whatever their convictions and affiliations. Development of laws and regulation that can lead society towards modernity and urbanization as well as the restructuring of public and political are necessary. The next step is to discuss loyalty, affiliation and participation on all levels to inspire individuals and groups. The responsibility of the political parties in finding an outlet for the country is represented in enabling qualified people to lead the community. This is not less important than providing medicine, food and housing for the community. At present, members of the political parties have absolute power and freedom (in the absence of law binding regulation), but do not have the best interest of the people in mind. The recent elections in Algeria, has been the last nail in the coffin of democracy and positive political practice. This research paper will focus on: first, reading the structure and orientation of the active political parties in Algeria nowadays; secondly, efficiency and fairness between partisan rhetoric and personal loyalties; thirdly, the impact of policies and practices in the short and long terms; and finally, the reco.

The Ethical Psychiatrist’s Role in Public Elections

The Ethical Psychiatrist’s Role in Public Elections

CodHonEditor: Spreadsheets for Codon Optimization and Editing of Protein Coding Sequences

ABSTRACTGene synthesis is getting more important with the growing availability of low-cost commercial services. The coding sequences are often “optimized” as for the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) before synthesis, which is generally included in the commercial services. However, the codon optimization processes are different among different providers and are often hidden from the users. Here, the d'Hondt method, which is widely adopted as a method for determining the number of seats for each party in proportional-representation public elections, is applied to RSCU fitting. This allowed me to make a set of electronic spreadsheets for manual design of protein coding sequences for expression in Escherichia coli, with which users can see the process of codon optimization and can manually edit the codons after the automatic optimization. The spreadsheets may also be useful for molecular biology education

The Public Election System andDemocracy in Greece - With Special Respect to the Development of Ahena Democracy andLotto System -

The Public Election System andDemocracy in Greece - With Special Respect to the Development of Ahena Democracy andLotto System -

The Canadian Charter's Override Clause: Lessons for Israel

This article considers the role of legislative override clauses in the Canadian and Israeli rights-protecting systems, which share many institutional features. After providing a detailed account of the adoption of the override clause in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as a compromise between legislative supremacy and final judicial review, the article analyses the distinctive and unexpected political dynamics generated by this compromise, including its effect on the exercise of public power and elections. Although adopted to appease political leaders who opposed the Charter on substantive and institutional grounds, the legislative override has to date worked to legitimate judicial review and bring Canada further into the model of the modern constitutional state. The article then considers the lessons that Israel might learn from this analysis in the light of proposals to adopt an override clause to apply to a wider range of fundamental rights and to operate against Supreme Court judgments.

PISA lends legitimacy: A study of education policy changes in Germany and Sweden after 2000

School issues have become increasingly important in public elections and political debates, leading to increased focus on the results students achieve in international large-scale assessments and in the rankings of the involved countries. One of the most important studies of scholastic performance is the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which has gained a good deal of attention since the first study was published in 2000. This article analyses to what extent examples from international assessments and other countries’ results have been used as arguments for school policy change in Germany and Sweden. The conclusion is that both countries, after undergoing a “PISA shock”, found justification for changes in their education policy by referring to other countries. Their views of how to solve the problem (i.e., the drop in results) were also similar: increased management and control of parts of the education system, albeit by different means.

Leadership Experiences Within Civil Organizations and Candidacy in Public Elections: Causal Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Approach

Standing as a candidate in public elections has been characterized as the ultimate act of political participation. We test the hypothesis that acquiring office within civil organizations increases the probability of becoming a candidate in public elections. In order to take self-selection problems into account, we provide quasi-experimental evidence using election discontinuities, in which we compare the likelihood of being nominated for public office between closely ranked winners and losers in Swedish student union (SU) elections. Our original data cover 5,000 SU candidates and register data on their candidacies in public elections (1991–2010). The analysis provides support to the hypothesis: Students elected to SU councils were about 34 percent (6 percentage points) more likely to become a candidate in a public election than SU council candidates who were not elected. The causal impact is fairly stable over time. The analysis makes important contributions to two interrelated bodies of literature: First, it provides political recruitment literature with causal evidence that acquiring leadership experiences at arenas outside of representative democratic institutions facilitate entry into election processes. Second, it provides strong evidence to an increasingly contested issue within political participation research by showing that certain organizational activities increase individuals’ political involvement.