Public Elections Research Articles

External Audit Quality and its Factors in Palestinian Municipalities: Moderating Effect of Supreme Audit Institutions

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the relationship between external audit quality and its factors (i.e., auditor characteristics, audit firm attributes, and effectiveness of municipal internal control), as well as the moderation effect of supreme audit institutions between external audit quality and its selected factors, as perceived by accountants and internal auditors in Palestinian municipalities. Methods: To achieve the objectives, questionnaires were distributed to 309 accountants and internal auditors in 155 Palestinian municipalities. They have firsthand knowledge of the financial statements under audit and are in constant communication with external auditors. Smart PLS 3 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results revealed that the direct relationships between audit quality, auditor characteristics, and effectiveness of municipal internal control were positive. These relationships were also positively moderated by supreme audit institutions. The relationship between audit quality and audit firm attributes was also positive, but it was negatively moderated by supreme audit institutions. Conclusion: Audit firms, audit profession regulators, and municipality administrators can use these findings as useful guidelines in determining the factors of audit quality required in municipal audit engagements. This study encourages future research to examine other moderators, such as politics and public elections.

선거공영제 관련 규정의 형성과 전개 - 선거운동 방법에 관한 일본과 한국에서의 논의를 중심으로

Article 116 (2), and, in a broader sense, including Article 116 (1) of the Constitution, stipulate the Election Campaign Management and Funding System. This system aims to ensure equal opportunities for election campaigns among candidates, reduce the influence of money in the electoral process, and prevent corruption in elections. The Election Campaign Management and Funding System can be categorized into two types: one where certain election campaign methods are supported or subsidized by the state, and another where only the election campaign methods explicitly permitted by the state are allowed, while all other private methods are prohibited. However, within an Election Campaign Regulation system that comprehensively regulates campaign methods, the former type of public election system often operates similarly to the latter. This is because candidates, unable to freely choose their campaign methods, are de facto limited to using only those methods supported or subsidized under the Election Campaign Management and Funding System. Both the Japanese and Korean systems exemplify this phenomenon. In Japan, the 1934 revision of the House of Representatives Election Law established a structure of ‘extensive regulation and limited permission’ regarding election campaigns. Consequently, election campaigns in Japan became largely confined to methods permitted and subsidized by the state. Similarly, the 1958 Act on the Election of Members of the House of Commons in Korea established a framework of ‘comprehensive regulation and exceptional permission,’ akin to Japan's system. The framework created by the 1994 Act on the Election of Public Officials and the Prevention of Election Malpractices, enacted after the 1987 Constitution, is also similar. It is challenging to assert that the structure has fundamentally changed under the current Public Official Election Act in Korea. As a result, election campaigns by candidates de facto continue to be largely confined to the methods allowed under the Election Campaign Management and Funding System. Given the importance of the freedom to conduct election campaigns, it is necessary to eliminate the comprehensive regulation of campaign methods in the current Public Official Election Act. Such a change would better enable the Election Campaign Management and Funding System to achieve its objective of supporting and subsidizing election campaigns.

Offline connections, online votes: The role of offline ties in an online public election

Building democratic communities and fostering inclusive participation is challenging, especially in participatory organisations where governance and sustained contributions are critical. This study explores the dynamics of election participation within the peer-production project Wikipedia, a prime example of an online collaboration model of democratic organisation where democratically elected administrators wield special rights. While previous research on online governance has predominantly focused on online interactions, this study shifts the spotlight to the influence of offline interactions occurring at various gatherings and meetings. Using fixed effects models and large-scale observational data spanning 20 years of offline and online actions, this study finds significant effects of offline meeting participation on users’ voting behaviour. It makes use of novel data sources to emphasise the significance of offline relationships in shaping online (democratic) processes and shows that traditional findings of political science and election research regarding social capital and social networks hold within an online context.

To Authenticity, and Beyond! Building Safe and Fair Generative AI Upon the Three Pillars of Provenance.

Provenance facts, such as who made an image and how, can provide valuable context for users to make trust decisions about visual content. Against a backdrop of inexorable progress in generative AI for computer graphics, over two billion people will vote in public elections this year. Emerging standards and provenance enhancing tools promise to play an important role in fighting fake news and the spread of misinformation. In this article, we contrast three provenance enhancing technologies-metadata, fingerprinting, and watermarking-and discuss how we can build upon the complementary strengths of these three pillars to provide robust trust signals to support stories told by real and generative images. Beyond authenticity, we describe how provenance can also underpin new models for value creation in the age of generative AI. In doing so, we address other risks arising with generative AI such as ensuring training consent, and the proper attribution of credit to creatives who contribute their work to train generative models. We show that provenance may be combined with distributed ledger technology to develop novel solutions for recognizing and rewarding creative endeavor in the age of generative AI.

The Constitutional Court’s Protection and Fulfilment of the Citizens’ Rights: Constitutional and Islamic Law Perspectives

This study aims to examine the degree to which the Constitutional Rights of Indonesian Citizens are maintained by the state, specifically focusing on democratic Public Elections (Pemilu) and Public Elections for Regional Heads (Pemilukada). This study centers on the advancement of the political democratic process, particularly concerning law enforcement and the safeguarding of human rights. This analysis focuses on the implementation of these features by the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi), which has the responsibility of handling post-conflict public election issues. This study utilizes empirical legal methodologies, employing a framework that combines the constitutional law and the Islamic law. The data was acquired through in-depth interviews and a meticulous examination of pertinent literature. The participants were experts in the domains of the constitutional law and the Islamic law. This paper argues that the state has successfully protected the legal rights of citizens by incorporating them into laws, so fulfilling their constitutional privileges. Constitutional rights refer to essential human rights, particularly the right to engage in the democratic process through voting or candidacy in public elections. In the Indonesian state administration system, citizens have the privilege to report any election matters to the appropriate authorities and have it lawfully resolved by the Constitutional Court Institution. The Islamic law supports the harmonization of law enforcement and the protection of citizens' rights within the context of human rights. In Aceh, a region that implements special autonomy and the Islamic law, there is no prejudice against the rights of individuals based on their gender or religion. Under the Islamic law, voting or running for office is regarded as a right rather than an obligation. However, participating in the act of voting is highly valued as it provides benefits and serves as a preventive measure against damage.

Study of PG-Added Fountain Solution for Printing Offset Technique

Although the printing technology, especially offset printing, has changed and grown quickly based on advanced invention and production capacity. However, the old offset machine printing such as one or two colour offset machines are still used massively in development countries. It is unpredictable when the old printing technology eliminated completely from the community, since it is affected by the economic level and extraordinary need of the public such as public election. The old machine which has been produced for more than 10 years usually has an issue related to the ink-water balance (iwb). The use of propylene glycol (PG) as single wetting agent improved iwb based on our previous study. Therefore, the effect of PG with fountain solution to the print quality is studied here. A series of fountain solution (FS) with additional content of 0 ppm, 13 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm of PG was used to print an image on the art paper surface using sakurai offset machine. The optical parameters such as optical density (OD) and L*a*b were used to observe the effect of PG content in FS to the quality of printing. The OD on 0 ppm (reference), 13 ppm, 20 ppm and, 40 ppm of PG were 1.76 (reference), 1.83, 1.76, and 1.74, respectively. The optical density was identified as the maximum value at 1.83 on raster 100% of black colour for PG 13 ppm. At 13 ppm PG-added FS, the ΔE values of black (K) and Magenta (M) were 5.2 and 9.8, respectively, while ΔE values of cyan (C) and yellow (Y) were 1.7 and 1.8, respectively. It meant at PG 13 ppm, the K and M were stronger than the reference, while C and Y were equal. The same and lower OD compared to the reference showed unimproved color.
 Keywords: offset printing, fountain solution, propylene glycol

Muntok Society in the Globalization Stream Political Ethnic Tionghoa and Malay

With the passage of time and the tide of globalization, the city of Muntok has witnessed significant development. However, studies of Muntok relating to political changes in the last 10 years are still uncommon. This study focuses on the impact of political globalization on the interaction of Chinese and Malay ethnic communities in Muntok, Bangka. This study used qualitative approach with a literature or library study methodologies. According to the findings of the study, political globalization has the following effects: 1) increasing the use of public rights votes in general elections; 2) increasing the public vote of ethnic Chinese and Malay in political elections; and 3) increasing the involvement of Malaysians and Chinese in public elections because globalization does not arrange the vote for Chinese people. Many Malay people also choose the Tionghoa people. Finally, 4) there was a balance in the regional government in Muntok Bangka West between 2016 and 2019 (H. Parhan Ali (Malay ethnic) as Bupati and Markus (Tionghoa) as Deputy Bupati) and 2021–2026 (H. Sukirman as Bupati and Bong Ming Ming (Tionghoa) as Deputy Bupati). In conclusion, the significance of political globalization for the Muntok Bangka society is favorably evaluated, and the consequences of ethnic misunderstanding because of the Muntok society’s political globalization can be developed in historical learning material.
 Keywords: Muntok, politics, globalization, Tionghoa Malay, Bangka

지방출자출연기관의 기관장 성과평가제도 분석

About 300 institutions were expanded after the local public corporation law was divided into local investment-funded institutions, and major institutions were subject to restructuring starting in 2022 when the 8th public election began. However, metropolitan local governments had an agency ceo performance evaluation system, and local governments evaluated the performance of agency ceos every year to secure the responsibility of agencies and agency CEO and maintain a system for performance management. In this regard, this study analyzed the performance evaluation system of the ceos of local investment institutions, focusing on the case of metropolitan local governments, and looked at the level of institutional management of accountability and performance management by local investment institutions. As for the analysis target, the ‘Evaluation Manual of Local Invested Institutions’ and ‘Performance Evaluation by ceos of Local Invested Institutions’ of each of the three local governments of metropolitan cities and provinces were compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that over 70% of the agency evaluation was reflected in the agency ceo's evaluation, indicating that the agency ceo and agency's responsibility were linked. case was excluded. Through this, it was found that the contribution of local governments, the characteristics of projects, and the characteristics of institutional governance in the future financial structure of local investment institutions acted as the range of performance evaluation for institution ceos in a complex way. In terms of performance management, except for local governments that are 100% linked to institutional evaluations, autonomous goals (project goals) were set to evaluate projects for their own tasks. The evaluation results were based on performance pay, personnel measures, institutional business reorganization, and contribution adjustment criteria, and a strong feedback mechanism was established to link with responsibility. Legally, there is a means of management diagnosis, but in the case of local investment institutions, management diagnosis is not used enough, so it is analyzed that they are taking feedback measures to link institutional responsibility and performance management.

Twitter Sentimental Analysis Using Python

Social media websites have Emerged as one of the platforms to raise users’ opinions and influence the way any business is commercialized. Opinion of people matters a lot to Analysis how the propagation of information impacts the lives in a large-scale network like Twitter. Sentiment analysis of the tweets determine the polarity and inclination of vast population towards specific topic, item or entity. These days, the applications of such analysis can be easily observed during public elections, movie promotions, brand endorsements and many other fields. In this project, we exploited the fast and in memory computation framework 'Apache Spark' to extract live tweets and perform sentiment analysis. The primary aim is to provide a method for Analysis sentiment score in noisy twitter streams. This paper reports on the design of a sentiment analysis, extracting vast number of tweets.

PENGELOLAAN JARINGAN DOKUMENTASI DAN INFORMASI HUKUM DALAM MENUNJANG INFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The aim of this research is to describe how the management of Law Documentation and Information Networking (JDIH) provide public services at the Commission of Public Election (KPU) of Central Kalimantan Province for supporting community public services in information and law products. This research applies qualitative approach with descriptive method. The data collection techniques were: 1) interview, 2) observation, and 3) documentation. The results show that the management of JDIH at KPU of Central Kalimantan Province in providing information/ law products has not been optimal yet. Developing quantity and quality of human resources is strongly needed in order to have the jobs finish effectively in accordance with the Standard Operational Procedures (SOP). It can be optimally by adding the quantity of personnel with suitable educational background/ skills and training. Adding appropriate infrastructures, especially networking/ internet system and application system, also special working rooms and library for JDIH will support the existence of law data/ information of KPU for the public. Public as the users of JDIH website will be helped by the existence of JDIH at KPU Central Kalimantan Province for finding law data/ information easily, effectively that is suitable with the aspects of prime public services.

“They Covet Fields and Houses … and Seize Them”: Interpreting Micah 2:2 in Light of Economic Deprivation for Holding on to Power in Nigeria

Micah 2:2 condemns the injustice of land grabbing in eighth-century Israel. Contrary to the traditional perception that each clan’s land belonged to it as a permanent inheritance, by the eighth century BCE land had become a commodity that could be bought and sold, or even seized. The article examines Micah 2:2 in the context of public elections in Nigeria where, having been pauperised by the ruling class, the electorate yield themselves to politicians who exploit them to keep themselves in power. Employing the historical-critical and descriptive methods, the article concludes that the Micah passage speaks to the Nigerian context in the sense that just as the economic exploitation of the peasant farmers violated the theocratic order, in Nigeria this attitude is inimical to democratic rule and the good of the people.

A Dodgson-Hare synthesis

In 1876, Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) proposed a committee election procedure that chooses the Condorcet winner when one exists and otherwise eliminates candidates outside the Smith set, then allows for re-votes until a Condorcet winner emerges. The present paper discusses Dodgson’s work in the context of strategic election behavior and suggests a “Dodgson-Hare” method: a variation on Dodgson’s procedure, for use in public elections. This method allows for candidate withdrawal and employs Hare’s plurality-loser-elimination method to resolve persistent cycles. Given plausible assumptions about how candidates decide whether to withdraw when there is a cycle, Dodgson-Hare outperforms Hare, Condorcet-Hare, and 12 other voting rules in a series of spatial-model simulations that count how often each rule is vulnerable to coalitional manipulation. In the case of a one-dimensional spatial model, all coalitional voting strategies that are possible under Condorcet-Hare can be undone in Dodgson-Hare, by the withdrawal of candidates who have incentive to withdraw.

GIS Multicriteria decision making model for traffic accidents management

Objective: this study suggests a multicriteria model for decision-making assistance that, by using spatial representation, can provide decision aid for the traffic management process in a county, hence facilitating improved decision-making. The decision-making process can be supported by multicriteria decision aid technologies and geographic information systems (GIS). Methodology/Approach: A multicriteria decision-making model is developed to categorize the city's roads according to their importance to the population's safety. For classification, the PROMSORT method (PROMETHEE Sorting) is proposed, and the results are reflected in the GIS. Results: It presents a numerical application for the city of Mossoró/RN, rating the roads and providing information for public managers' decision-making. Limitations: the model application is contingent upon the efforts of managers who can begin working in the traffic and urban mobility management sector after each public election to comprehend its significance. Originality/Value of the article: The GIS application generates a viable study method by facilitating the decision-making process and allowing the geographic visualization of data pertaining to the region under study.

Elections and Potential Conflict in South Sulawesi

One objective of the state is to create stability and prosperity for its people. To achieve this objective requires leader who have the capacity and integrity to accomplish the state walfare. In electoral context, one of the goals of the election is to elect a qualified leader, but the goals of fair election precisely have their own contrains, particularly conflict potentials that often occur in every election in Indonesia. In South Sulawesi, in particular, the conflict potential during the election frequently occurs in communities, which leads to friction at the elite level, so that the goals of peaceful and fair election are often far from the objectives of the public election laws.

General Election System In Indonesia Based On Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia NO. 7 OF 2017

Each country claims that the system of government administration or the political system they build is a democracy. Indonesia is a country that bases its sovereignty on the people's sovereignty in addition to the basis of the rule of law to organize a democratic government by carrying out general elections using a separate system in legislative elections (DPR, DPD, Provincial DPRD, and Regency/City DPRD). The electoral system in Indonesia is inseparable from the recruitment function in the political system. The problem raised in this research is how is the general election system in Indonesia based on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, and what are the weaknesses of the open proportional system used in public elections in Indonesia? This research belongs to the normative legal research group prioritizes secondary data (library data and legislation). The nature of this research uses a descriptive-analytical method that describes the actual situation. The result of the study is that the general election system in Indonesia uses an Open Proportional System for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly (DPR, Provincial DPRD, and Regency/City DPRD) as stipulated in Article 168 paragraph (2) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, while in section (3) specifies that the election to elect members of the DPD shall be carried out with a district system with many representatives. The disadvantages of using an open proportional system include that it is difficult for parties to integrate or cooperate by taking advantage of existing equations; this system facilitates party fragmentation; when a conflict arises within the party, it will be easy to break up, which often gives birth to new parties; this system gives the party leader an extreme position; the elected representatives may be separated from their constituents due to not knowing each other; and because of the large number of competing parties, it is difficult for a party to gain the majority in parliament needed to form a strong government.

General Election System In Indonesia Based On Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia NO. 7 OF 2017

Each country claims that the system of government administration or the political system they build is a democracy. Indonesia is a country that bases its sovereignty on the people's sovereignty in addition to the basis of the rule of law to organize a democratic government by carrying out general elections using a separate system in legislative elections (DPR, DPD, Provincial DPRD, and Regency/City DPRD). The electoral system in Indonesia is inseparable from the recruitment function in the political system. The problem raised in this research is how is the general election system in Indonesia based on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, and what are the weaknesses of the open proportional system used in public elections in Indonesia? This research belongs to the normative legal research group prioritizes secondary data (library data and legislation). The nature of this research uses a descriptive-analytical method that describes the actual situation. The result of the study is that the general election system in Indonesia uses an Open Proportional System for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly (DPR, Provincial DPRD, and Regency/City DPRD) as stipulated in Article 168 paragraph (2) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, while in section (3) specifies that the election to elect members of the DPD shall be carried out with a district system with many representatives. The disadvantages of using an open proportional system include that it is difficult for parties to integrate or cooperate by taking advantage of existing equations; this system facilitates party fragmentation; when a conflict arises within the party, it will be easy to break up, which often gives birth to new parties; this system gives the party leader an extreme position; the elected representatives may be separated from their constituents due to not knowing each other; and because of the large number of competing parties, it is difficult for a party to gain the majority in parliament needed to form a strong government.

Political Competition with Endogenous Party Formation and Citizen Activists

This paper studies the effects of endogenous party formation on political platforms. It develops a model in which parties allow like-minded citizens to, first, share the cost of running in a public election and, second, coordinate on a policy platform. The paper characterizes the set of political equilibria with two competing parties and with one uncontested party. In two-party equilibria, the distance between both platforms is always positive but limited, in contrast to the median voter model and the citizen candidate model. In one-party equilibria, the median voter can be worse off than in all equilibria with two competing parties. (JEL D71, D72)

UNSUR SEMANTIK DEBAT PUBLIK PASANGAN CALON PADA PILGUB JATIM 2018: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS [Semantic Elements of the Candidate Pair’s Public Debate in the 2018 East Java Governor Election A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)

The title of this article is "Semantic Elements / Meaning of the Words of the Public Debate of Candidate Pairs in the 2018 East Java Gubernatorial Election in conveying the East Java development program for the Next Five Years: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK)." The issue raised is how the semantic element/meaning of the word public debate of the candidate pairs in the 2018 East Java Pilgub in conveying the East Java development program for the next five years: Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK). The objectives of this study are: to describe, interpret, and explain the semantic elements/meaning of words used by the candidate pairs in the 2018 gubernatorial election in conveying the East Java development program for the next five years. The theories used are public debate, campaign language, pilkada, and critical discourse analysis/awk: public debate, campaign, ideology, election, and critical discourse analysis/AWK. The research method used is the qualitative method. The results showed that the semantic elements/meaning of words (1) experience value: (a) ideologically fought words, (b) presented metaphors, (2) relational values: (a) euphemistic expressions, (b) choice of words formal, and (3) expressive value: (a) words that express positive evaluations, (b) words that express negative evaluations.

The Prohibition of Civil Servant (ASN) in Actions to Benefit Prospective of Regional Head in Public

This research aims to understand the correlation between ASN and Regional Head Election (Pilkada) as election for choose leader by democratic based on principle of direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair which submitted by party political or combined party political. About implementation, right choose of Civil Servant or abbreviated with ASN prohibited to declare openly to public to invite choose one of candidate so that tend becomes form "campaign" or endorsement. However thus, level violation to implementation Pilkada simultaneously which ruled by government. This research used Socio Legal Research on phenomenon law which there is in public election and approach problem used a case approach. The conclusion show that the implementation of the banning the ASN in Bengkalis on Regional Head Candidates 2020 not yet done with good. Because still many found ASN which no neutral. It is caused the existence connection family Among ASN with candidate regional head, ambition of career position, no clear dan nothing strictly rules, weakness enforcement law.

‘Uneasy Lies the Head that Wears a Crown’

Inspired partly by the Academy Awards for Best Actress at Hollywood, the public elections of China’s movie queen in 1933 and 1934 were more than just splendid entertainment spectacles. Rather, a historical examination of the campaigns help us understand Chinese fandom and celebrity culture as well as providing insight into the social mentality of 1930s China. Using two major Chinese actresses, Butterfly Wu and Chen Yumei, as case studies, this article argues that the election campaigns were a product of negotiation between what was globally available and what was locally demanded. They point to an unravelling of an ‘extra-filmic discourse’ that converged with discourses on semi-colonialism, democracy, feudalism, and morality. These overlapping discourses were often gendered, revealing conflicting social expectations and responsibilities of actresses.