Public Education System Research Articles

Schools reopening and the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the public and private educational system started to close. Up to November 2020, scientific discussions about the return of schooling activities have been rarely performed by the national scientific community and police-makers. The great delay of school returning in Brazil contrasts with successful international strategies of school reopening worldwide and seems counterintuitive with the reopening of non-essential activities. Here, important issues to be considered before and during school reopening are reviewed and discussed. COVID-19 testing is essential to avoid disease spreading, but high cost of individual RT-qPCRs impairs an extensive testing strategy for school returning. To reduce costs and increase the speed of diagnosis, we tested the efficiency of a pooled-sample PCR strategy in a cohort of the educational staff in the city of Macaé/RJ, finding five asymptomatic individuals (0,66%) among the 754 people tested. Thus, a polled-sample PCR testing strategy of the educational staff might prevent infection spreading in schools at a reasonable cost. We discuss how our test strategy could be coupled with internationally recognized safety rules to allow for a safe school return and how countries from different world regions are dealing with educational activities during COVID-19 pandemic.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ В СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ КОНЦА XIX — НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА

This research examines the social conditions of Kazakhstan in the development of education in the late XIX — early XX centuries. Socio-political conditions determined the trends in the development of education in the Kazakh steppe: the desire to preserve the national historical heritage of the culture, language and literature of the Kazakh people, the formation of national identity and the desire for a universal beginning in education, expressed in the study of Russian culture, history, language as a means of familiarization with world civilization. The authors took into account the socio-political conditions at the heart of schools and pedagogy for teaching children in the Kazakh steppe. The turning point in the social progress of the Kazakh people was prepared by the most important political events in his life, which influenced the formation of education in Kazakhstan. The authors also derived some historical data of the education system of the Kazakh people during the completion of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. Historical facts reveal the social conditions, origins and features of the formation and transition to the system of public education. The popular education of that time tried to ensure the future of the people through education. In order to effectively implement the new educational program, active work was underway to create new textbooks and train qualified teaching staff. As a result, there have been certain shifts in the field of public education towards increasing schools and other educational institutions, eliminating illiteracy in Kazakhstan.

Cuidado por la narración: oficio docente en la educación básica brasileña en la pandemia de Covid-19

This article presents an excerpt from the research “Narratives of the teaching work during the Covid-19 pandemic: practices of care in education through craft’s memory”, developed with Basic Education teachers in the Brazilian public education system. The experience of teaching work in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic is analyzed, accessed through narratives of teachers, taking a clinical point of view of work, that is, in the articulation of subjectivity, health and work. The research, understood as intervention-research, uses an online platform where participating teachers submit narratives about teaching work during the pandemic, as well as interact with other narratives. Conversation circles are also held among the research participants through online meeting platforms. We found the teaching craft under shock - in a great effort not to succumb to the challenges posed by the pandemic in the Brazilian reality - and a classroom in a movement of reterritorialization from the technological encounters that confinement demanded. The narrative production process is a tool for weaving a collective dimension of narrativity, thus composing a care strategy for the teaching craft, as well as for the people who exercise it.

XALQ TA’LIMI TIZIMI MUASSASALARIDA BYUDJETDAN TASHQARI MABLAG‘LARNING SARFLANISHI HISOBINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH

This article describes the proper organization and accounting of extra-budgetary spending in institutions of the public education system. Accounting information was used to study the problems related to the spending of funds in institutions of the public education system and to form analytical information on expenditures on extra-budgetary funds. This, in turn, requires the research of methodological bases related to the calculation of extra-budgetary funds and their spending in institutions of the public education system, as well as the identification of existing problematic situations and the development of proposals for their solution.

VÍNCULO DE TRABALHO & ADOECIMENTO DOCENTE: ANÁLISE DAS LICENÇAS DOS PROFESSORES DA REDE ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE MINAS GERAIS

ABSTRACT: This article tackles the health leaves from the basic education Teachers of the Public Education System of the State of Minas Gerais according to their legal employment contracts (either permanent or temporary designation), between 2016 and 2018. It is a study case carried out by means of document and quantitative research (descriptive analysis of data), as well as interviews. Curiously, the conclusion is that temporary teachers take fewer leaves than permanent teachers. However, their leaves are substantially longer. A fast analysis of this fact could deduce that, contrary to the early hypothesis of the study, the effective teachers fall ill more than the designated teachers. However, in this article, it is argued that this is, in fact, a strong indication that the designated teachers develop more severe illnesses than the effective teachers. In terms, this collaborates with the initial hypothesis of this study. The results indicate the development of illnesses in teachers performing their jobs and issue an important warning regarding the use of the temporary designation contracts, which was declared partially unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Ensino em tempo integral e segmentação da oferta: análise dos programas ETI e PEI na rede pública estadual de São Paulo

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the implementation of two Full-Time Teaching Programs in the state public education system of São Paulo, seeking to understand their effects on the dynamics of the system with a focus on expanding the segmentation of educational offer and educational inequalities. For that, we resorted to the analysis of documents that guide the programs, interviews with former secretaries and members of the State Department of Education, as well as producing, from the microdata of the School Census (2019), graphs, tables and maps to understand the organization of each of the programs. The data show that, although they originally had different proposals, the two programs are currently similar in terms of supply and service conditions, better than those found in other schools in the chain. Thus, it is possible to verify the segmentation of the offer on the network, induced by the Programs, which can contribute to the reproduction of educational inequalities.

Designing Effective Online Courses: Exploring the Relationships Amongst Online Teaching Self-efficacy, Professional Development, Online Teaching Experience, and Reported Implementation of Effective Higher Education Online Course Design Practices

How best to prepare and support higher education faculty to design and teach effective online courses is a topic of great significance to higher education institutional leaders and faculty developers. This study explored how hours of professional development along with online teaching and learning experiences were related to online teaching self-efficacy and the extent to which participants reported implementation of effective online course design practices. Using a non-experimental quantitative correlational explanatory research study design, data were collected using a questionnaire. Participants included 104 online faculty from a large public higher education system located in the upper Midwest that includes both community colleges and universities. The findings suggested that both online teaching self-efficacy and self-reported ratings of implementation of effective online course design practices were higher when individuals have completed at least 20 hours of professional development meant to prepare them to teach online, have experience as an online instructor and/or online learner, and have participated in a peer review of their online course. The findings offer insights into how those with varying levels of online teaching self-efficacy rate their online course design practices and suggest that faculty may not accurately self-assess their course design abilities. The results and implications for those who are planning for and providing professional development meant to prepare faculty to teach online are discussed.

Private (institutional) schools: bridging social gaps in urban cities in Nepal?

The interest of parents in the urban cities in Nepal is tending towards enrolling their children in paid private (institutional) schools, rather than free public schools. This paper aimed at exploring the reasons behind growing craziness of the parents towards the private education system in Nepal. We adopted a critical paradigm, case study approach using in-depth interviews, and observation techniques to gather field information. This study has signaled that institutional schools are facilitating to homogenize the education system between haves and have nots groups in society. Different categories of private education systems, with accountable management team have facilitated in bridging the social gaps in Nepal. At the same time, public schools urgently need to revisit their management model, pedagogical system, and publicize their services and strengths, so that they could regain their trust from the urban parents. The explorations of this research could be helpful to outline the positive aspects of private schools and buildup the public education system along in Nepal.

School choice, policy feedback effects, and policy outcomes: understanding the relationship between government policy design and parent decisions to “stay” or “defect” from public education

ABSTRACT Across OECD countries, education choice is proliferating as parents seek and governments permit choice both inside and outside public education systems. The movement of students out of the common public school, however, varies significantly across jurisdictions and sociodemographic characteristics such as race and class. This variation in individual decision making and macro policy outcomes directs us to theorise about the relationship between parental preferences, government responses, and policy outcomes. We map the interplay between the demand for choice, institutional responses, and policy feedback effects that lead to four major policy outcomes: partially attenuated governance, hyper choice, partial accommodation within the public system, and non-accommodation that leads parents to withdraw from the public education system. We apply this framework to understanding variation in patterns of school choice in Canadian provinces and conclude by outlining some ways in which our framework can be used to understand school choice outcomes cross-nationally.

DEVELOPING AN ENGLISH MODULE FOR ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA

The Islamic boarding schools need special materials, teaching methods, or media because Islamic boarding schools (IBS) have different cultures and educational system from students in regular schools in which some points of educational system and culture in IBS can be adopted in public education system such as personality, leadership, and authority (Hidayat in Hidayat, 2016). This study aims to identify the target needs, learning needs, and develop an appropriate English module for grade eleven students of Islamic Boarding Schools. The research method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D). The evaluation of the module used a questionnaire with ranging a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (disagree), 2 (fair), 3 (agree), and 4 (strongly disagree) with 40 items. The results of the questionnaire calculated in quantitative data conversion with four categories namely poor (1.00-1.75), fair (1.76-2.51), good (2.52-3.27) and very good (≥ 3.28). The results of the need analysis indicate that most students prefer topics of daily life, religion, and education. Each unit has eight components, namely: unit title, objectives, warm-up, main activities, summary, reflection, evaluation, feedback, and follow-up. The first try-out of the second draft shows that the draft is needed to be revised since the average score is within the data interval of 2.52 ≤ ≤ 3.27. Meanwhile, the third draft is considered appropriate and applicable as indicated by average score within the interval of ≥ 3.28. The recommendation for future research is government and other scholars expected to design and develop textbooks that are relevant to Islamic values and contexts.

Not Allowing a Good Crisis to Go to Waste: Tapping into Transformational Power to Increase Utilization in Public Education as a Result of the Coronavirus

Despite all of the disruption the pandemic introduced into public education, COVID-19 also serves as an invitation for leaders to creatively explore ways to better utilize existing resources for the benefit of all students. The pandemic is the crisis that educational leaders cannot allow to go to waste. Instead of striving merely to return to a pre-pandemic normal, all stakeholders involved in public education should explore ways to better utilize existing resources to support each and every child’s academic growth. In this call to action, we encourage public education stakeholders to work toward maximizing the utilization of time, facilities, funding, personnel, and instructional materials. We believe that this focus on maximizing utilization will result in the necessary transformational power to change the system of public education and will have a far greater impact on the improvement of public education than efforts focused on curriculum and instruction reform. This is not to say that curriculum and instruction are not important; rather, the systemic transformation needed represents the foundation of all that happens in public education.

Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism in school-children

Worldwide, there is an epidemic increase in myopia. In children, the evidence points to a lack of ex posure to natural light. In Chile, the population situation of myopia in children is unknown. Objec tive: To estimate the tendency of myopia and myopic astigmatism in 1st- and 6th-grade students from the public education system in Chile. Ecological study based on diagnostic confirmations of the JUNAEB Medical Services Program, between 2012 and 2018. Annual country prevalence of myopia and astigmatism was estimated by region and sex. The screening evaluation included visual acuity using Snellen Eye Abbreviated chart, red reflex, Hirschberg test, Titmus test, Cover test, ocular motility, and anterior segment examination. Chi2 and logistic regression were used to assess differences and linear regression to estimate average annual change. Between 2012 and 2018, myopia and myopic astigmatism had a heterogeneous geographical presentation. Myopia and myopic astigmatism ≥ 3 dioptres increased by an annual average of 0.11% (R2 0.67) and 1.21% (R2 0.90), respectively, in 1st-grade children and by 0.2% (R2 0.65) and 8.7% (R2 0.79), respectively, in 6th-grade children. Myopia < 3 dioptres decreased by 0.13% annual average (R2 0.45) in 1st-grade children and myopic astigmatism < 3 dioptres by 0.5% (R2 0.53) in 6th-grade children. High myopic astigmatism affected men more than women and myopia < 3 dioptres affected more 6th-grade females. In schoolchildren of the public education system, myopia and myopic astigmatism > 3 dioptres tend to increase. The protective effect of natural light against myopia has been demonstrated in longitudinal and experimental studies. This evidence is to be considered in promoting children's time spent outdoors.

Encouraging Community Action Against Teacher Absenteeism: A Mass Media Experiment in Rural Uganda

Chronic teacher absenteeism is widespread in Uganda, with approximately one-third of public school teachers absent on any given day. Absenteeism and other problems that arise in Uganda’s public education system are often attributed to a lack of public oversight and parental involvement. In an effort to develop a scalable method of encouraging community engagement on this issue, the present study assesses the extent to which entertainment-education videos increase willingness among Ugandans to take action against absenteeism. Working in collaboration with Ugandan screenwriters and local actors, we developed video dramatisations that depicted the problem of absenteeism and how parents mobilised to address it. We assess the persuasive effects of these dramatisations both under lab-like conditions, to gauge immediate effects, and in the field, to gauge effects two months and eight months after a placebo-controlled media campaign attended by over 10,000 Ugandans in 112 villages. Although the persuasive effects are weaker in the field than the lab setting, the former remain substantial even after eight months. The demonstrated ability of entertainment-education to change public views on this issue sets the stage for policy experiments that test whether entertainment-education campaigns have downstream effects on absenteeism and public school performance more generally.

Charting the Rise of School Choice across Canadian Provinces: A Policy Index

AbstractThis article introduces and discusses the findings of the Canada School Choice Policy Index (CSCPI). This is the first index of its kind that measures the development of school choice policies across the Canadian provinces from 1980 to 2020 using eight unique indicators of choice. In contrast to other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the CSCPI reveals that although Canada has witnessed an increase in school choice over time, this increase has largely been contained within public education systems rather than in the expansion of private education options. Our findings raise the importance of future research to address growing choice in public education systems across the provinces, in addition to choice in the private sphere.

How Small Policy Changes Can Transform the Implementation of Physical Activity Minutes in Kentucky Public Schools: A White Paper.

As obesity and physical inactivity rates continue to rise in the United States, Kentucky ranks third in childhood obesity rates (10-17 year olds) and 50th in physical inactivity. The public school environment is a logical place to examine practices and closely discern how time is spent. Federal legislation over the past 50 years has largely dictated the emphasis and priority of our public education system and how schools are funded and assessed. Recently, new federal legislation, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015, moved more power, flexibility, and accountability to the states allowing for additional funding opportunities surrounding not just reading and mathematics standardized test scores. Kentucky made promising steps toward including a well-rounded education in their accountability plan, however; ultimately removed those measures in their revised submission to the US Education Department. We must reexamine our current priorities and policies based on evidence-based best practices regarding health, physical activity, and academic achievement. This report outlines history, issues, and policy solutions which will move Kentucky's youth toward better opportunities for quality physical activity in our public schools within our current resources.

Solitude and selflessness and the cultivation of humanity in liberal and religious education

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to analyse the role of solitude and selflessness in promoting consideration for the person and the possibilities offered by liberal and religious education in this regard. The empirical point of departure is the Polish system of public education, where liberal education takes the form of general education while religious education is pursued as catechesis. The theoretical grounding for the characterisation of selflessness as the goal of education and solitude as its method are provided by Roman Ingarden’s phenomenological conception of personal and moral values and Erasmus of Rotterdam’s Christian humanism. I propose that firstly, liberal education may provide significant aid to religious education for the cultivation of selflessness; secondly, that solitude in normal conditions may be a unifying factor for liberal and religious education; thirdly, that selflessness and solitude, being two complementary parts of consideration for the person, constitute the test of good education understood as the cultivation of humanity.

The System of Public Education in Elisabethpol Governorate in the Period 1868–1917. Part 1

The System of Public Education in Elisabethpol Governorate in the Period 1868–1917. Part 1

The System of Public Education in Volyn Governorate in the Period 1796–1917. Part 2

The System of Public Education in Volyn Governorate in the Period 1796–1917. Part 2

The System of Public Education in the Erivan Province in 1849–1917. Part 1

The System of Public Education in the Erivan Province in 1849–1917. Part 1

What Is the Relationship between Higher Education and Neoliberalism in the United States?

What Is the Relationship between Higher Education and Neoliberalism in the United States?