Public Education Research Articles

Depoliticisation of stigma: the drama series Skam (”shame”) as an instance of public religious education

Depoliticisation of stigma: the drama series <i>Skam</i> (”shame”) as an instance of public religious education

What Happens When Payments End? Fostering Long-Term Behavior Change With Financial Incentives.

Financial incentives are widely used to get people to adopt desirable behaviors. Many small landholders in developing countries, for example, receive multiyear payments to engage in conservation behaviors, and the hope is that they will continue to engage in these behaviors after the program ends. Although effective in the short term, financial incentives rarely lead to long-term behavior change because program participants tend to revert to their initial behaviors soon after the payments stop. In this article, we propose that four psychological constructs can be leveraged to increase the long-term effectiveness of financial-incentive programs: motivation, habit formation, social norms, and recursive processes. We review successful and unsuccessful behavior-change initiatives involving financial incentives in several domains: public health, education, sustainability, and conservation. We make concrete recommendations on how to implement the four above-mentioned constructs in field settings. Finally, we identify unresolved issues that future research might want to address to advance knowledge, promote theory development, and understand the psychological mechanisms that can be used to improve the effectiveness of incentive programs in the real world.

Responsiveness of Public and Private Education Providers During COVID-19: Parental Perspective from Jharkhand, India

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the K-12 education system. We surveyed 4,162 parents across five districts in rural Jharkhand to examine which K-12 service provider parents perceived to be responsive during COVID-19. We rely on parental perception, satisfaction, and aspirations to evaluate and compare the COVID-19 responsiveness of public and private education providers in rural Jharkhand’s low-income neighborhoods. We also test children on a functional literacy and numeracy tool to corroborate parental perception. We find that a higher proportion of parents perceived that private education providers were responsive during the COVID-19-induced lockdown compared to public schools. We also observe that parental perception is aligned with the learning scores of children.

Mental health and insomnia problems in healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as worsening mental health problems and insomnia. These problems can persist for a long period, even after the pandemic. However, less is known about this topic. AIM To analyze mental health, insomnia problems, and their influencing factors in HCWs after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from June 1st, 2023 to June 30th, 2023, which was a half-year after the end of the COVID-19 emergency. Region-stratified population-based cluster sampling was applied at the provincial level for Chinese HCWs. Symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Insomnia Severity Index. Factors influencing the symptoms were identified by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 2000 participants were invited, for a response rate of 70.6%. A total of 1412 HCWs [618 (43.8%) doctors, 583 (41.3%) nurses and 211 (14.9%) nonfrontline], 254 (18.0%), 231 (16.4%), and 289 (20.5%) had symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively; severe symptoms were found in 58 (4.1%), 49 (3.5%), and 111 (7.9%) of the participants. Nurses, female sex, and hospitalization for COVID-19 were risk factors for anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms; moreover, death from family or friends was a risk factor for insomnia symptoms. During the COVID-19 outbreak, most [1086 (76.9%)] of the participating HCWs received psychological interventions, while nearly all [994 (70.4%)] of them had received public psychological education. Only 102 (7.2%) of the HCWs received individual counseling from COVID-19. CONCLUSION Although the mental health and sleep problems of HCWs were relieved after the COVID-19 pandemic, they still faced challenges and greater risks than did the general population. Identifying risk factors would help in providing targeted interventions. In addition, although a major proportion of HCWs have received public psychological education, individual interventions are still insufficient.

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Age

This research paper discusses safeguarding intellectual property rights (IPR) amidst emerging technologies and cyber threats. In the digital age, safeguarding intellectual property rights (IPR) amidst emerging technologies and cyber threats necessitates a proactive and collaborative approach. This research paper explores the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding IPR protection, focusing on the impacts of artificial intelligence, blockchain, 3D printing, and the Internet of Things. By analyzing legal responses, technological solutions, international cooperation efforts, and future trends, it equips stakeholders with insights to navigate this complex terrain effectively. The paper advocates for dynamic regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with risk management and societal interests, emphasizing cross-sector collaboration in policy development. It also highlights the importance of public awareness and education in empowering individuals to navigate emerging technology landscapes safely. Additionally, the paper addresses the historical background, types of IPR, contemporary issues, cyber security challenges, and collaboration between stakeholders. By implementing comprehensive strategies and fostering collaboration, organizations can uphold the integrity of intellectual property rights, incentivize innovation, and maintain a competitive edge in the digital landscape.

Investigating the Relevance of the Development and Implementation of Strategic Plans in Public Sector Education Institutions: A Case of Public Teacher Training Colleges in Malawi

The hub of every academic institution of higher learning rests upon key areas of policies and how they are developed, managed and championed. This research study investigated the relevance of development and implementation of strategic plans in public sector education institutions in Malawi. In 2019 and 2020, GIZ championed the development of strategic plans in TTCs. This was done by facilitating the training of Principals in the quest to develop strategic plans. Field data was collected using both qualitative and quantitative approaches through document analysis, questionnaires, and focus group discussion guide. The findings of the study indicate that the strategic plans are relevant in public TTCs because of the following factors: government policy, strong committed leadership, organizational culture, structure and effective communication. The study findings support Bryant (2013) in his evaluation report in Malawi and the study by Nyakeriga (2015) who identified the same factors as influencing the development and implementation of strategic plans. The structure is identified by the setup of the public TTCs, with the principal being the top manager, followed by the Deputy Principal, Heads of Departments, Teaching Practice Coordinator, and Assessment Committee chairperson. through the organizational culture, Quality Assurance and Monitoring and Evaluation work to track the progress of the implementation process in the TTCs. The study also showed plans the activities in the strategic plan inform TTC budgets. However, the study has firmly established that completing the activities in the strategic plans is a challenge. The study attributes this to erratic and inadequate funding, lack of knowledge on the implementation process and lack of political will. The study proposes investment in continuous professional development with all education stakeholders to fully understand the concept of strategic planning and implementation in order to achieve set objectives.

A pharmacist's role in increasing access to menstrual products: an education and advocacy approach

Individuals who menstruate grapple with diverse challenges in menstrual and reproductive health. This includes financial burdens, societal stigmas, and negative mental and physical health implications. Period poverty, marked by insufficient access to menstrual products, education, and sanitation, remains a prevalent and poorly addressed issue. Alarming statistics highlight the extent of this problem and shed light on the staggering number of individuals lacking access to essential menstrual products. The discourse extends to the safety and accessibility of a diverse array of menstrual products. A comprehensive comparison of the cost of available period products was conducted using data obtained from various retail websites. The often-overlooked potential indirect expenses and profound impacts on quality of life were also discussed. Amidst other public health initiatives, pharmacists have emerged as pivotal advocates and educators. Pharmacists are poised to drive initiatives that increase access to menstrual products through public health education and advocacy. By providing education on different menstrual product options, pharmacists can empower individuals to make informed decisions based on their needs. This perspective illuminates the complex impacts of menstruation on individuals and proposes that pharmacists can play a role in overcoming barriers to access. The proposed strategies, rooted in education, research, and advocacy, pave the way for enhancing access, reducing stigma, and elevating the quality of life for those navigating the intricate complexities of menstruation.

The effects of leadership behaviours on departmental performance in Ethiopian public research universities

AbstractDespite the abundance of research linking leadership behaviours to organisational effectiveness in various sectors, there is a lack of empirical studies that investigate how leadership behaviours influence performance in the context of research universities. The present study examined the effects of leadership behaviours on departmental performance in public research universities in Ethiopia. The study employed a quantitatively driven embedded type of mixed methods design. The participants of the study were 1176 academic staff (969 instructors and 207 department heads). They were selected from four public research universities using a simple random sampling technique. In addition, 14 key informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique based on their teaching‐learning, research and leadership lived experiences in higher education institutions and interviewed using semi‐structured guiding questions. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires composed of demographic questions and adapted versions of two scales: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires and a new tool for measuring global academic performance. The quantitative data were analysed using frequency, percentage, multiple correlations and regression, one sample t‐test, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Version 23.0 of Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) and SPSS‐23 were used for data analyses. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using open code version 4.03 software. The analyses showed that transactional leadership dimension and teaching‐learning dimension of departmental performance were practised predominantly. Dimensions of leadership behaviour were found to be positively and significantly related to dimensions of departmental performance. The joint contributions of dimensions of leadership behaviour were larger than their separate contributions, thereby supporting the formulated alternative hypotheses. Implications of the findings were discussed.Context and implicationsRationale for the studyLeadership is one of the indispensable factors that determine organisational success. However, empirical study findings that show the effects of leadership behaviours on departmental performance in public higher education institutions were scarce.Why the new findings matterThe new findings matter because the transactional leadership dimension of leadership behaviours and the teaching‐learning dimension of departmental performance are practiced predominantly in the sampled research universities. The findings demonstrated that the stated dimensions of leadership behaviour are positively and significantly related to departmental performance. It is more informative and contributes to knowledge and practice that the combined contributions of leadership behaviours are larger than their separate contributions.Implications for practitionersThe findings of the study have policy and practical implications for improving effectiveness of higher education leadership and departmental performance dimensions: the teaching‐learning process, research and community services in the context of Ethiopian public research universities. This finding further implies that schools and department heads need to use a combination of appropriate leadership behaviours in order to improve departmental performance dimensions.

Optimizing Productive Waqf Management to Achieve Sustainable Development Goal's (Study of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) Representative of Lampung Province)

This research involves field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, data analysis was conducted through stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results showed that the productive waqf managed by BWI Lampung Province is in the form of cash waqf. The management of cash waqf is carried out through three stages: collection, management, and distribution. BWI’s steps in optimizing productive waqf management involve improving BWI’s management, increasing public education about cash waqf, enhancing the use of digital technology, fostering cooperation with various stakeholders, and enhancing the competence of the nazir. Additionally, the contribution of BWI Lampung Province to the SDGs is evident in the achievement of three goals: no hunger, quality education, and decent work and economic growth. Keywords: productive Waqf, sustainable development goal’s, Indonesian Waqf Board

Beyond Bombs: The Growing Threat of Cyberterrorism

Cyberterrorism, which once was a virtual version of physical attacks, has now moved to a digital platform that targets the critical infrastructure. These activities pursue to introduce fear, make a disruption in essential services, and influence politics. On the other hand, a comprehensive strategy should be applied to deal with this dynamic danger. The importance of understanding cyber terrorism lies in the fact that it creates breach of trust, collapse of the system, and sufferings among the population mentally. The economic impacts comprise businesses losses, decline in productivity, and discouragement of foreign investments. Efficient tools such as network security monitoring, vulnerability scanning and threat intelligence can locate anomalous activity as well as loopholes in systems. Strong authentication, employee training, data encryption, and regular backups all lead to a digital environment that is less vulnerable to attack. International cooperation, public education, and constant development are the key aspects for having a preparedness against cyberterrorism. We can accomplish this through collaboration and thereby ensure the safety and security of the digital world. Keywords—Cyberterrorism, digital threats, international cooperation, public awareness, critical infrastructure.

Gaining exposure on perceptions of sunscreen: a national survey of melanoma patients.

Melanoma incidence is increasing. We ascertained perceptions regarding sunscreen and factors influencing choice in patients with melanoma. A survey was distributed to all the supporters of a melanoma patient support group. 571 responses were received across six weeks. Most (79.2%; n=452) indicated they knew how much sunscreen to apply; the most popular frequency of application was once daily (32%, n=180). The most popular cosmetic benefit respondents indicated was reduced redness on sun-exposed areas of skin (73.2%; n=418). Most (96.7%; n=552) agreed more education is needed regarding importance of wearing sunscreen. The three most popular factors in influencing sunscreen choice were SPF more than 50 (n=299; 52.4%), recommendation by a dermatologist (n=267; 46.8%) and price (n=262; 45.9%). Sustainable package design (n=45; 7.9%) and ethical sourcing of ingredients (n=65; 11.4%) were not ranked highly. Given 42% (n=240) only applied sunscreen during sunshine, an education campaign is required. Industry should consider public education regarding sustainability. A further study ascertaining views and perceptions of sunscreen in the non-melanoma cohort is strongly encouraged.

Perspectives of Open Education High Students on the Open Learning Mode

Open education is an education and instruction network that is widely used to overcome physical and temporal limitations. In the current study, an evaluation was made by taking the opinions of students on the application areas of the open education system in Turkey. In this context, the reasons for students attending open education high schools to switch to open education high schools were examined and a general perspective on open education applications was presented in line with their goals and expectations. To this end, phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used and students’ opinions and experiences about open education were elicited. The sample of the current study is comprised of 500 open education high school students registered through public education centres. An online questionnaire form consisting of semi-structured open-ended questions was used to collect data in the study. When the findings were examined, it was seen that the reasons for the participants’ enrolment in open education differed. In the analysis performed, it was seen that the reasons for enrolling in open education were grouped under six sub-headings: individual-emotional reasons, familial reasons, economic reasons, health-related reasons, reasons arising from school education processes and environmental-stimulating reasons.

Psychological career pre-occupation and social connectedness in Ghanaian education staff’s career management

Purpose: This study examines the interplay of psychosocial career pre-occupation, social connectedness, and organisational commitment in higher education and offers insights for academia and practitioners. It also explores the impact of gender, job level, and the moderating effect of psychosocial career pre-occupation on employees’ commitment in this sector.Design/methodology/approach: A purposeful sample of 288 senior academic and administrative staff, mostly married males aged 31–40 years, completed the Psychosocial Career Pre-occupation Scale (PCOS), Workplace Friendship Scale (WFS), and Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS).Findings/results: Significant relationships were found among psychosocial career pre-occupation, social connectedness, and organisational commitment in higher education. Moderated analysis revealed predictive roles of gender, job level, and psychosocial career pre-occupation on organisational commitment, and illuminating sector dynamics.Practical implications: For human resource managers and practitioners in Ghana’s public higher education, this study offers insights to boost workforce commitment and engagement, which is vital for national progress.Originality/value: By validating essential elements of career self-management practices, this research extends career construction theory, enriching understanding and fostering professionals’ careers in higher education. It contributes to practical applications and scholarly knowledge by providing a deepening insight into organisational dynamics in this sector.

Review of School moms: Parent activism, partisan politics and the battle for public education

Review of School moms: Parent activism, partisan politics and the battle for public education

Developing a survey to measure nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, influences, and willingness to be involved in Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): a mixed method modified e-Delphi study

BackgroundMedical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) was legalized in Canada in 2016. Canada’s legislation is the first to permit Nurse Practitioners (NP) to serve as independent MAiD assessors and providers. Registered Nurses’ (RN) also have important roles in MAiD that include MAiD care coordination; client and family teaching and support, MAiD procedural quality; healthcare provider and public education; and bereavement care for family. Nurses have a right under the law to conscientious objection to participating in MAiD. Therefore, it is essential to prepare nurses in their entry-level education for the practice implications and moral complexities inherent in this practice. Knowing what nursing students think about MAiD is a critical first step. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a survey to measure nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, influences, and willingness to be involved in MAiD in the Canadian context.MethodsThe design was a mixed-method, modified e-Delphi method that entailed item generation from the literature, item refinement through a 2 round survey of an expert faculty panel, and item validation through a cognitive focus group interview with nursing students. The settings were a University located in an urban area and a College located in a rural area in Western Canada.ResultsDuring phase 1, a 56-item survey was developed from existing literature that included demographic items and items designed to measure experience with death and dying (including MAiD), education and preparation, attitudes and beliefs, influences on those beliefs, and anticipated future involvement. During phase 2, an expert faculty panel reviewed, modified, and prioritized the items yielding 51 items. During phase 3, a sample of nursing students further evaluated and modified the language in the survey to aid readability and comprehension. The final survey consists of 45 items including 4 case studies.DiscussionSystematic evaluation of knowledge-to-date coupled with stakeholder perspectives supports robust survey design. This study yielded a survey to assess nursing students’ attitudes toward MAiD in a Canadian context.ConclusionThe survey is appropriate for use in education and research to measure knowledge and attitudes about MAiD among nurse trainees and can be a helpful step in preparing nursing students for entry-level practice.

Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks: Lessons Learned From Past and Facing Future Challenges.

The purpose of this review is to examine African Ebola outbreaks from their first discovery to the present, to determine how the medical and public health response has changed and identify the causes for those changes. We sought to describe what is now known about the epidemiology and spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) from the significant outbreaks that have occurred and outbreak control methods applied under often challenging circumstances. Given the substantial role that the U.S. Government and the U.S. DoD have played in the 2014 to 2016 West African Ebola outbreak, the role of the DoD and the U.S. African Command in controlling EVD is described. A descriptive method design was used to collect and analyze all available Ebola outbreak literature using the PubMed database. An initial literature search was conducted by searching for, obtaining, and reading original source articles on all major global Ebola outbreaks. To conduct a focused search, we used initial search terms "Ebola outbreak," "Ebola virus disease," "Ebola response," "Ebola countermeasures," and also included each country's name where Ebola cases are known to have occurred. From the 4,673 unique articles obtained from this search and subsequent article title review, 307 articles were identified for potential inclusion. Following abstract and article review, 45 original source articles were used to compile the history of significant Ebola outbreaks. From this compilation, articles focused on each respective subsection of this review to delineate and describe the history of EVD and response, identifying fundamental changes, were obtained and incorporated. We present known Ebola virus and disease attributes, including a general description, seasonality and location, transmission capacity, clinical symptoms, surveillance, virology, historical EVD outbreaks and response, international support for Ebola outbreak response, U.S. DoD support, medical countermeasures supporting outbreak response, remaining gaps to include policy limitations, regional instability, climate change, migration, and urbanization, public health education and infrastructure, and virus persistence and public awareness. The health and societal impacts of EVD on Africa has been far-reaching, with about 35,000 cases and over 15,000 deaths, with small numbers of cases spreading globally. However, the history of combatting EVD reveals that there is considerable hope for African nations to quickly and successfully respond to Ebola outbreaks, through use of endemic resources including Africa CDC and African Partner Outbreak Response Alliance and the U.S. African Command with greater DoD reachback. Although there remains much to be learned about the Ebola virus and EVD including whether the potential for novel strains to become deadly emerging infections, invaluable vaccines, antivirals, and public health measures are now part of the resources that can be used to combat this disease.

Socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions influencing diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among women in Ghana: a systematic review

BackgroundBreast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Ghana and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Few published empirical evidence exist on cultural beliefs and perceptions about breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Ghana. This systematic review sought to map evidence on the socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions influencing the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among Ghanaian women.MethodsThis review was conducted following the methodological guideline of Joanna Briggs Institute and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. Studies that were conducted on cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs were included. The included studies were screened by title, abstract, and full text by three reviewers. Data were charted and results were presented in a narrative synthesis form.ResultsAfter the title, abstract, and full-text screening, 15 studies were included. Three categories were identified after the synthesis of the charted data. The categories included: cultural, religious and spiritual beliefs and misconceptions about breast cancer. The cultural beliefs included ancestral punishment and curses from the gods for wrongdoing leading to breast cancer. Spiritual beliefs about breast cancer were attributed to spiritual or supernatural forces. People had the religious belief that breast cancer is a test from God and they resorted to prayers for healing. Some women perceived that breast cancer is caused by spider bites, heredity, extreme stress, trauma, infections, diet, or lifestyle.ConclusionThis study adduces evidence of the socio-cultural beliefs that impact on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among women in Ghana. Taking into consideration the diverse cultural and traditional beliefs about breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, there is a compelling need to intensify nationwide public education on breast cancer to clarify the myths and misconceptions about the disease. We recommend the need to incorporate socio-cultural factors influencing breast cancer diagnosis and treatment into breast cancer awareness programs, education, and interventions in Ghana.

Corruption dynamics: a mathematical model and analysis

This study proposes and analyzes a deterministic mathematical model to describe the dynamics of corruption transmission. We began by proving that the solution to the model is bounded and positive. The next-generation matrix approach is used to compute the basic reproduction number (R0) in relation to corruption-free equilibrium. The Jacobian and Lyapunov functions are used to show that corruption-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable in both locally and globally when R0&lt;1, and otherwise, an endemic corruption equilibrium develops. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the model's parameters was investigated. The findings demonstrate that religious precepts govern public education. The two sectors most susceptible to corruption control are education and corrections. The study recommends investing more in the provision of public education to citizens by creating awareness among all and including it in the education curriculum and religious leaders to teach their followers seriously about the impact of corruption as well as the use of jail as punishment. The numerical simulation results agreed with the analytical results.

Adapting to the Digital Age: An Evaluation of Online Learning Strategies in Public Health and Social Care Education

Introduction. The global shift towards digital education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the landscape of higher education. Public health and social care programmes have adapted to this transformation, embracing online learning strategies to engage students. This study focuses on the assessment of online learning experiences in public health and social care education, particularly during the post-COVID-19 period. Materials and Methods. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 49 university students in England. These phases, conducted both in person and via video, were audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim. A purposive sampling technique was employed to gather data, and framework analysis facilitated data management and interpretation. Results. The presentation highlights three main themes and 12 accompanying sub-themes that capture the clear preferences of students for both in-person and online learning methods. The findings elucidate the merits and demerits of online learning strategies in contrast to traditional face-to-face classes. Online classes offer distinct advantages in terms of flexibility, cost-effectiveness, time efficiency, and technological proficiency. However, they also bring to the fore concerns related to social isolation, mental health challenges, technical challenges, and distractions within the home environment. Conclusion. Considering the global transition to digital education, this study contributes to the dynamic discourse surrounding online learning in the post-COVID-19 era. The diverse preferences expressed by students highlight the importance of personalised and flexible teaching methods in online education, underlining the need for adaptability and inclusivity to meet the diverse needs of today’s learners.

Correlates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the forcibly displaced: evidence from Libya

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy and refusal can hinder the control of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although forcibly displaced individuals are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, evidence shows that they are less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Given their predicament, the factors influencing vaccine uptake in the general population might differ vastly from those in displaced populations. Given the limited evidence on vaccine uptake from humanitarian settings, the current study examined the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the forcibly displaced in Libya.MethodsData were extracted from the World Bank/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) microdata repository. Data were collected between April and July 2021 after the rollout of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in Libya. Percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to quantify the distribution of the sample population. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ResultsOdds ratios (ORs) with p values are used to present the regression analysis results. The study revealed that people unaffected by COVID-19 were less likely (OR = .71, 95%CI = 0.67–0.89) to accept the vaccine. Similarly, individuals with access to free COVID-19 vaccines were more likely to be vaccinated than those without free vaccines (OR = 38, 95%CI = 0.19–0.28). Finally, the results indicated that individuals were six times more likely to be vaccinated at mass vaccination sites ((OR = 6.31, 95%CI = 5.46- 7.94) and 1.92 times more likely to be vaccinated at local health centers (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 0.1.72–3.11) than they were at hospitals and distant health facilities.ConclusionImplementing comprehensive mass vaccination venues, public education initiatives, and awareness campaigns regarding the importance of vaccination can decrease vaccine hesitancy among the forcibly displaced.