Public Economics Research Articles

Urban Cultural Industry Management System and Public Economic Based on Improved Algorithm.

Social reliability and sustainable financial development in metropolises have become urgent problems to be solved. Due to its solid importance and imagination, urban cultural industry management and public economy have gradually become the focus of consideration in all fields of society. Organized and coordinated improvement of the urban economy and society and imaginative undertakings have also become the focus of review at all levels of academia and government. This article aims to study and apply the improved algorithm to the urban cultural industry management system and public economic analysis. It proposed the improved algorithm and related methods, the correlation between urban cultural industry management and economy, the improved particle swarm algorithm and the SOM algorithm, and finally, applied the improved SOM algorithm to evaluate the regional economy of a city. The experimental results showed that the contribution rate of the economic evaluation level of the eight economic evaluation indicators to the economic development level of each county (district and city) in the city was different, of which, the cumulative contribution rate of the first four main components reached 83%.

The Impact of Compliance with the Standards of Internal Audit Attributes on Reduction of Employee Fraud: A Field Study in Public Economic Units in Yemen

This study aimed to investigate the impact of compliance with the standards of internal audit attributes on reduction of employee fraud in public economic units in Republic of Yemen. In order to achieve the study objective, the questionnaire was used as the tool for collecting data from the study population which consisted of (83) public economic units in Yemen. A sample of (25) units in Sana'a city was taken as a stratified purposive sample that represented internal auditors in the selected units. The Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the study data. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant positive impact of the compliance with the standards of internal audit attributes on the reduction of employee fraud. The study recommends that the public economic unites in Yemen should comply with the standards of internal audit attributes for reducing the employee fraud.

Fresh Insights Using Ardl Bound Testing Approach and Analysis of Public Economic Growth Affecting Environmental Quality in Indonesia

The primary purpose of this research is to testify Environmental Kuznets Curve-EKC hypothesis for the economy of Indonesia. ADF and PP unit root tests confirmed the mixed order of integration in the model based on the time-series.data,spanning over 1990 to 2016. Furthermore, the result of ARDL – Long-run confirmed the presence of the EKC hypothesis for the Indonesian economy. In the short run, not an inverted U-shaped relationship has been observed between growth and energy. ECM and bond test verified the existence of cointegration in the model while CUSUM and CUSUM square with other model diagnostics confirmed that the model is the best fit. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that short & long run dynamic association amongst CO2 Carbon Dioxide, consumption of the energy, urban populations, and the economic development in Indonesia have been examined in this research.

Diagnosis of the level of cultural intelligence among students of economics universities in Poland

An analysis of literature shows that higher education institutions can actively influence the development of students' cultural intelligence (CQ) and thus express their social responsibility. The article's main aim is to diagnose the level of cultural intelligence among students of public economics universities in Poland and to determine the relationship between CQ and factors such as field of study, degree, and gender. This article was developed using research methods such as literature analysis, organizational documentation analysis, participant observation, and a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) survey. The respondents were second-year full-time students, both bachelor and master’s degree, of two majors: Management and International Economic Relations (in Polish Międzynarodowe Stosunki Gospodarcze – MSG for short). The study shows that the cultural intelligence of students of public economics universities in Poland is relatively high. No influence of gender on CQ was determined. Contrary to assumptions, it was not observed that MSG studies influence students' CQ development. The correlation between the degree of reflection and the level of cultural intelligence differs depending on the field of study. At each of the three universities studied, no significant differences were found in the overall level of cultural intelligence between students of the two studied majors.

Evaluation of the Fiscal Costs and Consequences of Alzheimer’s Disease in Germany: Microsimulation of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Pathways

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a severe condition, impacting individual’s wellbeing and independence in daily activities. Informal care provision is common and of great value to societies but is not without negative externalities to households and the broader economy.ObjectivesEstimate the lifetime incremental fiscal consequences of Alzheimer’s disease in community-based individuals and their informal caregivers.SettingThe fiscal consequences of Alzheimer’s disease was modeled using the German government and social security perspective.ParticipantsSynthetic cohort containing 1,000 pairs of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their informal caregivers, compared to 1,000 demographically identical pairs from the general population.DesignDisease progression was modeled using published equations and a state-transition microsimulation framework. Labor participation, financial support and paid taxes were estimated according to cognitive decline and caregiving responsibilities using German labor statistics and tax rates. Healthcare costs were sourced from several German publications. Costs and life-years were discounted at 3% annually.MeasurementsResults are reported as lifetime incremental differences in total tax revenue and transfer payments between the cohort affected by Alzheimer’s disease and their general population analogues.ResultsThe Alzheimer’s disease-affected pair was associated with net incremental fiscal losses of €74,288 ($85,037) to the German government and social security over the lifetime of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Most costs were lost taxes on employment earnings (48.4%) due to caregivers working reduced hours. Caregivers were estimated to earn €56,967 ($65,209) less than their general population analogues. Financial support for informal and formal care accounted for 20.4%, and medical healthcare costs represented 24.0% of the incremental fiscal losses. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model results. In a cohort with early onset Alzheimer’s disease, incremental fiscal losses were predicted to be €118,533 ($114,209) over the lifetime of people with Alzheimer’s disease.ConclusionsAlzheimer’s disease externalities profoundly impact public economics for governments and should be considered to inform policy making and healthcare planning.

On the Implementation of Approximate Randomization Tests in Linear Models with a Small Number of Clusters

Abstract This paper provides a user’s guide to the general theory of approximate randomization tests developed in Canay, Romano, and Shaikh (2017a. “Randomization Tests under an Approximate Symmetry Assumption.” Econometrica 85 (3): 1013–30) when specialized to linear regressions with clustered data. An important feature of the methodology is that it applies to settings in which the number of clusters is small – even as small as five. We provide a step-by-step algorithmic description of how to implement the test and construct confidence intervals for the parameter of interest. In doing so, we additionally present three novel results concerning the methodology: we show that the method admits an equivalent implementation based on weighted scores; we show the test and confidence intervals are invariant to whether the test statistic is studentized or not; and we prove convexity of the confidence intervals for scalar parameters. We also articulate the main requirements underlying the test, emphasizing in particular common pitfalls that researchers may encounter. Finally, we illustrate the use of the methodology with two applications that further illuminate these points: one to a linear regression with clustered data based on Meng, Qian, and Yared (2015. “The Institutional Causes of china’s Great Famine, 1959–1961.” The Review of Economic Studies 82 (4): 1568–611) and a second to a linear regression with temporally dependent data based on Munyo and Rossi (2015. “First-day Criminal Recidivism.” Journal of Public Economics 124: 81–90). The companion R and Stata packages facilitate the implementation of the methodology and the replication of the empirical exercises.

How to Optimize the Allocation of Anti-epidemic Materials in Public Health Emergencies From the Perspective of Public Economics.

During the COVID-19 public health crisis, market failures such as shortage of supplies and soaring prices of anti-epidemic materials – with masks as the core – have occurred. In essence, such anti-epidemic materials have the dual nature of necessities with low elasticity of demand and private products with positive externalities. This research explores the understanding of anti-pandemic materials and how different initiatives, and evaluation to increase availability of necessary resources can be effective in curbing a pandemic. Market regulation results in a non-Pareto optimal allocation of resources and the difficulty of exerting the positive externalities of products. However, in China, the market failure of anti-epidemic materials was quickly resolved, due to the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the social responsibility drive of domestic enterprises, and cultural genes that focus on equity and concern for the disadvantaged. The optimal allocation of anti-epidemic materials gave access to exerting efficiency and fairness effects, positive external effects, and public effects.

Mechanisms of Change in Population-Based Parenting Interventions for Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective Developing an effective population-level system of evidence-based parenting support capable of shifting (at a population level) rates of child maltreatment and social, emotional, and behavioral problems in children requires an integrated theory of change. This paper presents a systems-contextual model of change and identifies modifiable mechanisms that can potentially explain population-level changes in parenting and child outcomes. Method Using the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as an exemplar of a tiered, multi-level system of evidence-based parenting interventions, we discuss the putative mechanisms of change necessary to produce change in child behavior, parenting, practitioner behavior, and organizational changes to support the sustained implementation of an intervention. Results A model of change is proposed that blends theoretical perspectives derived from social learning theory, self-regulation theory, applied behavior analysis, cognitive behavior principles, developmental theory, and principles derived from the fields of public health, implementation science, and economics to explain change in the behavior at the community wide level. Different types of interventions targeting different populations and mechanisms are used to illustrate how sustainable change in child and parent outcomes can be achieved. Conclusions Evidence supporting specific mechanisms and moderators of intervention effects are discussed as well as directions for future research on mechanisms.

Experimental and numerical investigation of different geometrical parameters in a centrifugal blood pump

PurposeDue to the importance of public health and economics, cardiovascular disease has become one of the most important debates and challenges for scientists. However, few studies have been done to address this challenge. The main objective of this document is to provide an optimal model to improve the performance of the left ventricular assist device and reduce costs. In this way, in the present study, the experimental and numerical procedures were developed to analyze the effects of the geometrical features and operational parameters on the performance of a centrifugal blood pump (CBP).MethodsIn order to achieve this aim, first, experimental tests were carried out to study the influence of the working fluid temperature and the rotational speed on the CBP. Subsequently, the performance of the CBP was assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and comparison was made against the experimental data. In addition, the influence of mounting an inducer on the overall performance of CBP was also investigated.ResultsGood agreement between the CFD and the data was obtained. The CFD results showed that increasing the fluid temperature and rotational speed leads to an increase in the hydraulic efficiency, pressure difference, and power. In addition, the reduction of the pressure difference and hydraulic efficiency with increasing the surface roughness was observed. While mounting an inducer on the pump did not significantly impact its overall performance, the highest value of the wall shear stress dropped moderately on the impeller and, therefore, unveiled the possibility of improving the performance of such designs.

“The future is in your hands”: temporality and the neoliberal self in the czech voucher privatization

ABSTRACT The Czech voucher privatization was a method of giving out state property to the population, mobilizing the majority of citizens, but also giving incentives for the founding of investment funds, which commissioned unprecedented marketing campaigns to divert shares from individuals, somewhat overshadowing the first efforts of the state to make everyone an investor. Examining the “first wave” in 1992, this paper argues that the voucher privatization was an attempt at not just an economic, but also a moral transformation, bidding to turn postsocialist people into neoliberal subjects, while framing this change as a return to normality. It analyses various sources of public economics, advertising and mass journalism. The paper thus goes beyond the existing historiography to show that voucher privatization gained popular support because of its promise that people would become the active creators of their own future. It also exhibits the relevance of the memory of state socialism for the popular sense-making of the endeavour to privatize – both for its legitimation and scepticism towards it. The attempt to make people into neoliberal subjects by means of “democratic capitalism” ultimately reinstituted the hierarchy between economic elites and lay citizens, as the very idea of creating a citizen-investor remained only short-lived.

It's Fundamental: Welfare Theorems, Market Failures, and the Turn From 'Public Finance' to 'Public Economics'

It's Fundamental: Welfare Theorems, Market Failures, and the Turn From 'Public Finance' to 'Public Economics'

A Decision Model for Public Economic Environment Monitoring and Management Decision Using Improved Ant Colony Algorithm.

The quality of economic development is not sufficient, despite the apparent role that public environmental monitoring and management play in the economy's rapid expansion. Therefore, enhancing the standard of economic growth is of the utmost importance. It is vital to establish innovative management techniques to support social and governmental transformation in order to raise the standard of economic development. Economic development affects public administration's fundamental duties and goals. The division of public administration distributes social resources and enhances the market's function. The fundamental problem in public economic management is how to successfully actualize rational resource allocation, advance social justice, and boost social welfare on the basis of resource scarcity and the breakdown of the market mechanism. This study greatly increases the global optimization performance of the fundamental ant colony method and provides the explicit programme and simulation stages for the new algorithm. Finally, simulation tests are conducted using the basic ant colony algorithm and the upgraded ant colony algorithm in relation to the decision-making model of public economic management. According to the simulation findings, the revised algorithm successfully addresses the traditional approach's drawbacks, including its slow convergence speed and propensity to easily enter local minima, and its optimization performance has increased by 30.23%.

The Equity-Efficiency Conflict: Improving Pareto’s Optimality Doctrine

A central issue in Public Economics is the appropriate design of a tax system that will succeed in reconciling the concepts of equity and efficiency. In the present study, the standard assumption of the household’s utility being dependent on consumption (income) and labour (leisure) is adopted to arrive at a decision as to the nature of distortions and the fiscal measures required to eliminate them. The comparison of a utility function (with consumption and labour being treated as exogenous), that causes no distortions, with another utility function (with consumption depending on indirect taxes and labour supply on income taxes), that generates distortions, allows us to carry out a number of econometric, mathematical, and empirical tests, designed to redress the balance between the MRS and the MRT and to eliminate the distortions originating in the labour market and/or the commodities market.

An Exploration of Elinor Ostrom’s Theory of Self-Governance

The theory of self-governance is a fundamental theory of collective action based on numerous empirical case studies by Elinor Ostrom, a contemporary exponent of the public choice school and public economics. Ostrom’s idea of autonomous governance is systematically and fully articulated in her book Governing the Commons: the Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, published in 1990. It guides the development and use of public resources by tapping into the subjectivity of individual autonomy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and significance of the theory of self-governance through reading Governing the Commons: the Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action.

Gender Differences in Economics Phd Field Specializations with Correlated Choices

We model the process of field specialization choice among beginning economists within a multivariate logit framework that accommodates single and dual primary field specializations and incorporates correlations among field specialization choices. Conditioning on personal, economic, and institutional variables reveals that women graduate students are less likely to specialize in Labor/Health, Macro/Finance, Industrial Organization, Public Economics, and Development/Growth/International and are more likely to specialize in Agricultural/Resource/Environmental Economics. Field-specific gender faculty ratios and expected relative salaries as well as economics department rankings are significant factors for gender doctoral specialization dissimilarity. Preferences and characteristics contribute about equally to field specialization dissimilarity.

Public Economics Through the Lens of ‘Journal of Public Economics’: A Fifty-Year Review

Public Economics Through the Lens of ‘Journal of Public Economics’: A Fifty-Year Review

Information use pattern of researchers in economics: A citation analysis 2007-2016

The study has been conducted with 302 original contributions with a total of 8347 citations contributed by 549 authors published in volumes 74 (393) to 83 (332) of the renowned Journal, Economica, New Series during 2007–2016. An analysis of the different forms of literature, authorship pattern, language-wise cited articles, country-wise distribution, subject-wise distribution, ranking of cited journals, and obsolescence study has been made. Among the citations, articles accounted for 63.83% and books 26.49%. The highest number of articles totaling 5319(99.83%) has emanated from the English language. The first two countries USA and UK are responsible for 83.75% of the articles and 90.49% of the books. Most articles (59.891%) were published on core subjects of research, which include Econometrics, American Economics, Political Economics, International Economics, Monetary Economics, European Economics, and Public Economics. Literature in Economics published during the last 20 years contributes almost 68.506% of the total literature.

Public Debt and Economic Growth of Nepal

Public Debt and Economic Growth of Nepal

Public Family Firms and Economic Inequality Across Societies

Public Family Firms and Economic Inequality Across Societies

THE (IN)STABILITY OF DEMOCRACY

AbstractHow stable are democracies? Building on Ghosal and Proto (2009, Journal of Public Economics, 93, 1078–1089), the conditions under which democracies are stable are analyzed. How these conditions relate to the threat of the rise of right wing populism poses to democracies is discussed.