Public Comments Research Articles

“Some harm, some foul”: The editor’s duty of care in minimising the potential harm of creative nonfiction that contains problematic or distressing material

The popular Americanism, “no harm, no foul”, was first used in basketball when the play in question caused no physical harm. Today, the expression is used to suggest that, if no one has been harmed by a misdeed, the “foul” should be excused. Kate Clanchy’s controversial memoir, Some Kids I Taught and What They Taught Me (2019), caused considerable psychological harm to readers – and significant reputational damage to both author and publisher. The critical discussion that ensued divided readers, with critics drawing attention to the ableist, classist, racist, and sexist undertones of the work, while Clanchy’s most vocal supporters argued that her critics were “abusive trolls” (Rajesh, 2021, para. 4) who condemned the book without reading it. Thus, this paper scrutinises the public commentary that surrounded the controversy to demonstrate that there was, indeed, “some harm, some foul”. The paper then assesses the value of harm-preventative measures available to practising Australian editors who work with problematic content in creative nonfiction texts. The paper concludes by offering an evidence-based probability of harm model for editing problematic content, with the overarching goal of minimising potential harm, and promoting safe and responsible editing practice.

Ripudio della guerra e neutralità alla luce dell’articolo 11 Cost.

In constitutional law it is broadly accepted that the prohibition of the use of war is a central principle within the framework of the UN Charter concerning the use of force. One profile that has long remained outside the attention of domestic public law scholars and commentators is that concerning the neutrality regime, a legal concept traditionally addressed only by internationalists. In view of the change in the geopolitical context caused by Russian aggression, which calls for an updated reflection to assess the current trends in the law of neutrality, this contribution highlights the relationship between the principle of repudiation of war enshrined in the Italian Constitution and the constraint of neutrality, which under Art. 11, 1°c. of the Italian Constitution complements the internal legal order as it is part of generally recognised customary law. In addition, the important question is analysed of how the decision to take sides in favour of the aggressed party is concretely qualified.

Public Opinion Evolution Based on the Two-Dimensional Theory of Emotion and Top2Vec-RoBERTa

This paper applies the concept of symmetry to the design of a research methodology for public opinion evolution, emphasizing that both the construction and analysis processes of the method embody symmetrical principles. In today’s information age, dominated by social media, online platforms have become crucial venues for information dissemination. While the free flow of information promotes public participation, it also introduces certain challenges. Therefore, analyzing the evolution of public opinion and extracting public sentiment holds significant practical value for managing online public sentiment. This study takes the Zibo barbecue incident as a case study, utilizing the two-dimensional theory of emotion and Top2Vec for thematic analysis of public opinion comments. By combining sentiment dictionary methods with the RoBERTa model, we conduct a sentiment polarity analysis of public opinion comments. The results show that the RoBERTa model achieved an accuracy of 98.46% on the test set. The proposed method effectively uncovers public sentiment biases and the influencing factors on public emotions during the evolution of public opinion events, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the emotional dynamics throughout the development of public sentiment. This deeper insight aids in addressing issues related to public opinion more effectively.

Indications of Hate Speech in the Speech Acts of Panji Gumilang on the Kick Andy Talk Show on Metro Tv: A Forensic Linguistic Study

Recently, the Indonesian public has been stirred by various comments regarding several videos showing religious activities at Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School, which were considered deviating from religious teachings. These public comments sparked a response from the school's leader (PG), which was found to contain hate speech that was even more shocking. Therefore, this study aims to "uncover the types of hate speech found in PG's statements and critically analyze them through linguistic units as the means of delivery." This research employs a qualitative-quantitative approach and a descriptive-exploratory method, with the data object being PG's clarification statements during a Talk Show event.Based on the data analysis, the following results were obtained: First, six types of hate speech were identified in PG's statements, namely: (1) provocation (27%), (2) defamation (20%), (3) incitement (20%), (4) blasphemy (17%), (5) insult (15%), and (6) spreading fake news (1%). Second, the hate speech was conveyed through four types of linguistic units: (1) sentences (77%), (2) phrases (16%), (3) clauses (4%), and (4) words (3%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the dominant form of hate speech expressed by PG is through the use of sentences. This type of speech is primarily aimed at defending and justifying his belief that the religious policies and activities at the Islamic Boarding School he leads do not violate religious teachings and do not harm other parties or institutions.

Sentiment Analysis of Netizen's Comments on YouTube about IKN (Capital City) Development in Indonesia

The National Capital City (IKN) of the Archipelago is located in North Penajam Paser Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The transfer and development of IKN does not only have an impact on moving the country's capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan, but also on the future development of IKN which includes social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects. This impact created sentiment in society. For this reason, this research was conducted to identify public sentiment towards IKN development in Indonesia through comments on YouTube. Data in the form of sentiment from public comments on YouTube which comes from data sources in the form of videos selected based on the highest total comments regarding IKN. Data was collected and analyzed using the Python system with stages of Web scraping, pre-processing, sentiment analysis, and classification methods. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, positive sentiment, neutral sentiment and positive sentiment are distinguished. Meanwhile, positive sentiment can be seen from the words good and prosperous, negative sentiment can be seen from the words debt, corruption and pessimism, while neutral sentiment is related to prices, investors and toll money. This overall sentiment leads to rejection and acceptance of IKN development by the government. The reason is that the impact caused after the construction was a trigger for the emergence of comments on YouTube videos which led to public sentiment. The results of this analysis can be used as hope for the government to anticipate IKN development that will have a negative impact.

Social Drama and Constructed Reality in Elections: A Dialectic Reality Analysis of the 5th Debate of 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia

Normatively, debates in election is aimed to provide a platform for communicating the idas of candidtaes to the voters. However, in practice what is shown in the floor and screen of debates is often more than this. Based on the comunication theory of dialectic reality, this research aims to understand the social drama and the consturction of reality in the dialectical reality in the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 election in Indonesia, which was shown live in the social media of Indonesian election commitee (KPU), particularly itsYouTube channel. This research is imp[ortant to reveal how the performance displayed causes message distortion, which may shift the focus of the away fromcontent does not reach the public. Using mix method, this research analyzes the process of conveying messages from the costume structure, the content of the debate substance, and the role of new media that displays it. The data present the display of the costumes of the three presidential candidates in the 5th debate, the cirrus of the substance of the debate theme and public comments on the KPU RI YouTube, and the trends of the role of new media. This research conducted the data analysis map ussing Voyant.tools and ytcomment.kmcat.uk/. The results of this study show that First, the costumes of the presidential candidates in the drama of the debate show have elements of representation of cultural and political values. Second, the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 candidates showed a dialectical reality in the form of a stage drama related to the substance of the debate theme (social welfare, culture, education, information technology, health, and employment) with public comments on the YouTube platform. Third, new media has a role in transforming the dialectical reality of the debate event into a social drama in YouTube comments.

INTERFAITH MARRIAGE CONTROVERSIES IN SEMARANG: AN ANALYSIS OF QUR'ANIC LEGAL EXEGESIS

Interfaith marriage in Semarang has become a controversial issue, challenging established religious, cultural, and legal norms. The study aims to address two key questions on how Indonesian society responds to interfaith marriage and what role does the Qur'an play in the interfaith marriage controversy in Semarang. Through this study, we seek to gain an in-depth understanding of the interaction between religious teachings and social responses, with the broader aim of enhancing insights into the influence of Qur'anic exegesis on interfaith marriage dynamics. Th study adopts a qualitative approach, utilising document analysis and in-depth interviews. Primary participants include interfaith couples and Indonesian netizens. Data collection is conducted through interviews, field observations, and document analysis, including Qur'anic exegesis, religious decrees, fatwas, and public commentary. Thematic analysis is applied to identify evolving patterns in Islamic legal understanding and its impact on social harmony. In Semarang, interfaith marriage has proved to be a contentious affair for both social and legal researchers owing to some of the intricate issues it entails. Interfaith couples often experience disapproval not only from their families but society as a whole. A considerable part of society shows contempt, as per the religious views such marriages can endanger the family’s spirituality. Nevertheless, there are some who advocate for Indonesian multiculturalism and the values of respect and social harmony thus viewing interfaith marriages as legitimate. This dispute includes discussions of Qur’anic interpretation and Islamic law as they assert different viewpoints regarding the legitimacy of marriage of Muslims with Ahl al-Kitab. What aggravates the situation along with the ambiguous national legislation is the fatwa that was promulgated by Majelis Ulama Indonesia about interfaith marriages. This paper responds to the identified problems by offering some recommendations for communication, better understanding around the differences as well as the maqasid al-shari’ah objectives of protecting religion and nashab.

PEBSA: Predicting Economic Behavior via Sentiment Analysis

PEBSA is a machine learning (ML) model that aims to analyze public sentiment towards America's economic performance and predict its future behavior. By collecting public comments and posts from several social media platforms, sentiment analysis techniques will be applied to classify comments based on positive or negative outlooks. The ML model will then incorporate macroeconomic reasoning to forecast future economic behavior. The project will focus on fair and unbiased testing by employing scientific sampling techniques during data collection processes. The outcomes of this research will provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and investors, facilitating informed decision-making in the realm of economic performance analysis.

Evidence‐based Clinical Practice Guideline on the Use of Blood‐based Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Presentation of Preliminary Evidence, and Opportunity for Public Comment

Evidence‐based Clinical Practice Guideline on the Use of Blood‐based Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Presentation of Preliminary Evidence, and Opportunity for Public Comment

A cross-sectional study of policies from American medical organizations about public communications from physicians in the digital age

As a professional duty, physicians are often required to publicly comment on health-related topics. However, ethical complexities can arise during discussions about high-profile individuals or events, especially in an era of rapid news cycles and digital media. The American Medical Association (AMA) has policies concerning physician commentary and media interactions, as does the American Psychiatric Association (i.e., the Goldwater Rule). Nevertheless, the extent to which other United States medical associations have adopted similar protocols remains underexplored. Focusing on non-psychiatric members of the AMA’s policymaking body, the Federation of Medicine (FMMs), this study sought to analyze cross-speciality perspectives. Between January-March 2024, online resources for N = 122 FMMs were reviewed (e.g., professional codes and position statements), followed by email outreach to verify positions and garner further insights. n = 47 FMMs provided sufficient information for inclusion, cumulatively representing approximately 950,000 members. n = 16 FMMs (34%) had guidelines or policies regarding public commentary, generally emphasizing accuracy, consent, and confidentiality. Yet, for the majority of FMMs (n = 31/66%), no specific regulations were identified; these organizations did not cite any proprietary statutes or deferred to AMA materials. Moreover, existing FMM policies largely overlooked the impact of Artificial Intelligence and digital misinformation, warranting cross-specialty exchanges to uphold credible discourse amid societal and technological shifts.

Ecoproducts in the Dynamic Era of Digital Communication: A Neuromarketing Study of Users’ Emotional Reactions on Social Media

In the present era, where social media have become a primary tool for interaction between brands and consumers, the importance of emotional reactions triggered by observing public comments is increasingly emphasised. This study analyses how these reactions shape the decision-making process when purchasing eco-friendly products. The aim of this study is to bridge the gap in the analysis of emotional reactions from social media users who are exposed to various unofficial information published on social media while gathering information about eco-products, which can significantly influence their purchasing decisions. The objective is to examine, compare, and evaluate how positive and negative sentiment in user comments affects the perception and value of eco-products amongst other social media users. The findings indicate that posts with positive comments foster increased engagement and a favourable perception of products, while negative comments lead to doubt and frustration. In the neuromarketing experiment, we found that 81.8% of respondents considered the visual design of the eco-product and the ecological brand message attractive, with 63.6% reporting that negative social media comments had a significant impact on their perception of the brand. These results support the hypothesis that emotional reactions to comments are a strong factor in consumer decision-making, suggesting that positive reviews may serve as social proof, while negative comments can cause cognitive dissonance. Through this study, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between emotional reactions and the perception of eco-products in the digital communication era, which has significant implications for the marketing strategies of ecological brands.

Indian Muslims: (Self-)Perceptions and Voting Trends in 2024

There are two dominant explanations of contemporary Muslim voting behaviour. A section of public commentators reiterates an old argument that Muslims always participate in politics to defeat the BJP. This argument is not entirely incorrect. The BJP did not deviate from its Modi-centric Hindutva-driven campaign. The party relied heavily on an apparent anti-Muslim rhetoric to reach out to its core voters. The failure of the BJP to secure an absolute majority in Lok Sabha, in this sense, is also seen as an obvious outcome of this strategy. It is claimed that the BJP’s attempt to polarize voters on religious grounds encouraged Muslims to vote for non-BJP candidates throughout the country. The second explanation is more speculative. The INDIA alliance has so far tried to avoid any discussion on the overwhelming Muslim support they have received this time. The non-BJP parties, except a few, do not want to publicly acknowledge the fact that their success was almost impossible without active Muslim support. This kind of political reluctance is justified as a strategic silence. There is an assumption that the pro-Muslim gestures of these parties will make the Hindu voters unhappy. Findings of National Election Studies (NES) 2024 take us beyond these popular descriptions of Muslim voting. This survey introduces us to the complexities of contemporary Muslim politics and its electoral manifestations. This article tries to establish a link between Muslim self-perceptions as a religious minority in India and their political behaviour. We ask three basic questions: First, did Muslim communities vote more actively this time than Hindu communities? Second, did they vote as a homogeneous community or as a vote bank? And finally, did they vote basically to defeat BJP?

Can ChatGPT help patients understand radiopharmaceutical extravasations?

A previously published paper in the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) concluded that the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT may offer an adequate substitute for nuclear medicine staff informational counseling to patients in an investigated setting of 18F-FDG PET/CT. To ensure consistency with the previous paper, the author and a team of experts followed a similar methodology and evaluated whether ChatGPT could adequately offer a substitute for nuclear medicine staff informational counseling to patients regarding radiopharmaceutical extravasations. We asked ChatGPT fifteen questions regarding radiopharmaceutical extravasations. Each question or prompt was queried three times. Using the same evaluation criteria as the previously published paper, the ChatGPT responses were evaluated by two nuclear medicine trained physicians and one nuclear medicine physicist for appropriateness and helpfulness. These evaluators found ChatGPT responses to be either highly appropriate or quite appropriate in 100% of questions and very helpful or quite helpful in 93% of questions. The interobserver agreement among the evaluators, assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), was found to be 0.72, indicating good overall agreement. The evaluators also rated the inconsistency across the three ChatGPT responses for each question and found irrelevant or minor inconsistencies in 87% of questions and some differences relevant to main content in the other 13% of the questions. One physician evaluated the quality of the references listed by ChatGPT as the source material it used in generating its responses. The reference check revealed no AI hallucinations. The evaluator concluded that ChatGPT used fully validated references (appropriate, identifiable, and accessible) to generate responses for eleven of the fifteen questions and used generally available medical and ethical guidelines to generate responses for four questions. Based on these results we concluded that ChatGPT may be a reliable resource for patients interested in radiopharmaceutical extravasations. However, these validated and verified ChatGPT responses differed significantly from official positions and public comments regarding radiopharmaceutical extravasations made by the SNMMI and nuclear medicine staff. Since patients are increasingly relying on the internet for information about their medical procedures, the differences need to be addressed.

Examining Family Testimonials for the Reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act

In the last reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), families of individuals with disabilities provided less than 4% of the public comments. Given that families are equal partners in the decision-making process for students with disabilities, it is critical to understand their suggestions for IDEA. To this end, we analyzed the testimonials of 65 families of individuals with disabilities. Specifically, after completing a civic engagement program, participants provided video, audio, and/or written testimonials focused on their suggestions for the next IDEA reauthorization. Participants suggested strengthening existing IDEA provisions, increasing federal funding of special education, addressing personnel issues in special education, improving accountability, and increasing family knowledge and empowerment. Participants’ suggestions were further analyzed by examining patterns within the data; families of children with (vs. without) autism were significantly more likely to request that the next IDEA reauthorization increases knowledge and empowerment. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

Sentiment Analysis on Social Media Instagram of Depression Issues Using Naïve Bayes Method

The rapid expansion of the digital era has turned social media, especially Instagram, into a crucial source for examining public sentiment on mental health issues such as depression. Depression, a condition that adversely affects thoughts, behaviours, emotions, and overall mental well-being, is often less apparent than physical health problems, leading to delays in treatment. Low public awareness and societal stigma further aggravate these delays, making sufferers hesitant to seek professional help and more inclined to share their experiences online. This study aims to analyze public sentiment on Instagram concerning depression through the Naïve Bayes (NB) method. It involves developing an application that visualizes analysis reports via bar and pie charts, categorizing public comments on depression as neutral, positive, or negative. Data is sourced from Instagram using keywords related to depression and mental health, with lexicon-based methods for labelling and NB for sentiment classification. The findings show the effectiveness of this method, with the accuracy rate reaching 79%. The dataset consists of 1300 comments collected through web crawling. This evaluation displays the performance results of NB achieving an accuracy of 82.55%. The study aims to offer insights into public opinions on depression, provide datasets for future sentiment analysis research, and assess the NB method's effectiveness in managing complex sentiments on social media, ultimately aiming to improve public understanding and strategies for mental health intervention.

The 2023 revised diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis.

For the diagnosis of IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, either revised comprehensive diagnostic criteria or organ-specific diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis in 2008 were applied; however, the collected knowledge for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis required us to revise the criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. The board member of Japanese Study Group for IgG4-related Dacryoadenitis and Sialadenitis revised the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. We collected the clinical questions to be revised and performed a review of the literature. When the data were insufficient, additional data collection was performed. After the revision, public comments were collected. The three major points were revised. 1. Asymmetric or under two pairs of dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis were included as IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. 2. The thresholds of IgG4-positive cell infiltration were adjusted to an IgG4+/IgG+ ratio >0.4 and IgG4+ cells >10 per high power field. 3. The labial salivary gland biopsy was allowed to diagnose IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. The revised diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis solved several issues with the previous criteria. It will improve the early diagnosis of IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, especially in situations without enough resources for a biopsy.

Tracking the Spread of Pollen on Social Media Using Pollen-Related Messages From Twitter: Retrospective Analysis.

Allergy disorders caused by biological particles, such as the proteins in some airborne pollen grains, are currently considered one of the most common chronic diseases, and European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology forecasts indicate that within 15 years 50% of Europeans will have some kind of allergy as a consequence of urbanization, industrialization, pollution, and climate change. The aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the dissemination of information about pollen symptoms from December 2006 to January 2022. By conducting a comprehensive evaluation of public comments and trends on Twitter, the research sought to provide valuable insights into the impact of pollen on sensitive individuals, ultimately enhancing our understanding of how pollen-related information spreads and its implications for public health awareness. Using a blend of large language models, dimensionality reduction, unsupervised clustering, and term frequency-inverse document frequency, alongside visual representations such as word clouds and semantic interaction graphs, our study analyzed Twitter data to uncover insights on respiratory allergies. This concise methodology enabled the extraction of significant themes and patterns, offering a deep dive into public knowledge and discussions surrounding respiratory allergies on Twitter. The months between March and August had the highest volume of messages. The percentage of patient tweets appeared to increase notably during the later years, and there was also a potential increase in the prevalence of symptoms, mainly in the morning hours, indicating a potential rise in pollen allergies and related discussions on social media. While pollen allergy is a global issue, specific sociocultural, political, and economic contexts mean that patients experience symptomatology at a localized level, needing appropriate localized responses. The interpretation of tweet information represents a valuable tool to take preventive measures to mitigate the impact of pollen allergy on sensitive patients to achieve equity in living conditions and enhance access to health information and services.

Opportunities and Challenges for the Education of Students with Special Educational Needs in the Digital Environment: The New Normal

The publication comments on the use of information and communication technologies for students with special educational needs. The educational process also includes the digital environment, which is new for this age period, but extremely interesting and easily digestible. In this regard, the homelands in the 21st century cannot and should not be educated and brought up with the means of their parents or ancestors. Educational institutions, from the very beginning of the introduction of digital technologies until now, have been and are keeping up with the new. The teaching staff, in addition to being rejuvenated in terms of age with young teachers, recently graduated from the universities, where specific training is carried out for methodology and work with ICT, but also constantly upgrade their knowledge, skills and competences in this aspect. The students of the new century have new sensations, needs, motivation, which all of us working in this sector need to comply with and implement effectively, for their sake – the future of the Bulgarian nation.

Social Media Response to the Introduction of the Swallowable Gastric Balloon Treatment for Severe Obesity in the NHS: A Snapshot of Public Opinion.

Swallowable gastric balloons are available in the UK to treat severe obesity. Our hospital introduced this treatment in 2023, the first to do so in the National Health Service (NHS). The event was featured by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) on regional television, in multiple radio interviews, and online by numerous news outlets in February 2024. Obesity and the treatment of obesity are often subject to stigma, prejudice and bias. The event gave an opportunity to observe public opinion in response to a new publicly available obesity treatment. Qualitative review of public comments in articles responding to the BBC story about the introduction of swallowable gastric balloon therapy in the NHS. Comments were categorized as positive, neutral, or negative. Out of 2364 comments reviewed from all sources, 16.6% were positive, 48.9% were neutral and 34.8% were negative. Obesity stigma was highly prevalent in the responses and included many derogatory and abusive comments, including towards the patients featured in the BBC articles. Obesity stigma is highly prevalent in those responding by social media and on news websites to a new treatment within the NHS. Negative stereotypes may be a barrier to obesity treatment within the NHS and need to be addressed.

Notice the comment? Chinese government responsiveness to public participation in the policymaking process

AbstractWe investigate government responsiveness in the notice and comment process, a prominent instrument of consultative authoritarianism through which policy is made in contemporary China. We conduct an extensive data collection effort, assembling draft policies, public comments, and government responses for more than one thousand instances of notice and comment policymaking over a 17‐year period. Our statistical analysis demonstrates both the promise and limitations of consultative authoritarianism in the context of the notice and comment process. Government responsiveness in salient policy areas and to lengthy and critical comments demonstrates that public scrutiny matters to policymakers. These patterns are consistent with the notion that autocrats seek to remain in power not only through repression but also by bolstering exchanges of information between state and society. Central government ministries, however, are relatively unresponsive, indicating that significant aspects of policymaking are not characterized by robust attention to public sentiment and information.