Public Administration Offices Research Articles

Socio-economic analysis of AED use

Abstract Background In the Pomorskie Voivodeship (Poland), there are statistically 1,379 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases. Not all affected people receive help. Despite the continued installation of AEDs in public spaces, the public is reluctant to use them. Sudden cardiac arrest has a high mortality rate. Methods The following aims were assumed in the study: Estimation of the level of risk of cardiac arrest in outpatient conditions among the population of the Pomorskie Voivodeship according to national and global data, CBA and CUA for three options - current, zero and 100% AED use. During the research, an original questionnaire was used. The answers were collected during direct interviews with the respondents and by making the form available via the Internet. 20,971 responses were included in the analysis. Data collected in registers and inventories of major public administration offices (ie 123 municipalities) regarding the location of devices in public space were used to assess the degree of AED prevalence. Cost data was taken from information databases and directly from medical entities. The economic analysis was based on the use of the CBA and CUA pharmacoeconomic analysis. Results Pharmacoeconomic analysis showed a level of investment unprofitability. There is a significant difference between the profitability results made for the levels of current, zero and 100% AED use. Statistical analysis showed relationships between gender, place of residence, education level and knowledge about AED among the inhabitants of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Conclusions The low level of AED equipment operation and the unsatisfactory level of knowledge among the inhabitants of the Pomeranian Voivodeship contribute to a very low level of investment profitability. Key messages Education is the key to optimizing public spending. The level of profitability of public investment depends on various social factors.

The Impact of Public Administration Digitalization on the Decarbonization of the Economy

According to wikinomics, the decarbonization of the economy it is not possible without the involvement of people’s creativity and ingenuity under the form of prosumption channeled into the public administration. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to transform the existing websites of municipal offices into participation platforms that would become the local growth poles concentrating the economic forces operating in a given area. As Adam Smith, the father of economics, noted, synchronization between the economic goals of people and the preferences of local authorities are the main factors of development and the lack of them can create the highest degree of chaos in the economy. Consequently, the research began with defining prosumption and determining the degree of cooperation between society and the public administration sector in the digital sphere. Correspondence analysis was used to analyze the data collected from a survey. The issue of the quality of websites of municipal public administration offices, which in the digital economy function as growth poles and development axes, was also discussed. It was observed that society is prepared to perform the role of prosumers in the public administration sector; however, the low quality of websites constrains full disclosure of society’s prosumer potential. Under these conditions, the best ways to decarbonize the local economy are: (1) acceleration of the digitization of municipal public administration; and (2) use of the already existing infrastructural growth poles and development axes. The first postulate is related to the improvement of the existing, and the construction of new, computer networks. The second point mainly concerns the achievements of molinology, which studies the existing and partially functional infrastructure of former watermills and the location of former windmills. It is a valuable clue that facilitates the location and construction of modern renewable energy sources. The subject of the research is the Warmia and Mazury Province, which includes 116 municipalities and is the fourth largest province in Poland.

Trends and prospects of agricultural entrepreneurship development in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main performance indicators of the agricultural entrepreneurship functioning and development and to assess the prospects for its development. The following methods are used in the research: analysis and synthesis, analytical generalizations, graphic – in the analysis of the agricultural entrepreneurship development; statistical, extrapolation, constructive-computational, mathematical modelling, time series decomposition – for forecasting the development of agricultural entrepreneurship. The main tendencies and peculiarities of the agrarian entrepreneurship functioning and development are determined, the forecast for its development is carried out. The method of exponential smoothing with a damped trend for forecasting is used. The results testify that during the forecast period both quantitative and qualitative indicators will increase, in particular the gross agricultural output from 596,8 UAH million to 739,7 UAH million, which makes it possible to state about the positive dynamics of both the agricultural entrepreneurship development and the appropriate level of agricultural products supply. It is concluded that the state should strengthen the agricultural policy to promote the development of small-scale production in agriculture, the status of a producer of agricultural products in the form of a family farm in particular. Methodological approaches to forecasting trends and prospects for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship have been further developed, which makes it possible to provide the formation of strategic directions for their support and stimulation in the future. The results of the study can be used by specialists to assess the level of the agricultural entrepreneurship development, public administration officials in choosing areas of regional and state policy development and support of entrepreneurship, researchers to expand the scope of research.

New Measure of Economic Development Based on the Four-Colour Theorem

The location quotient is one of the basic quantitative tools for identifying the regional poles and the turnpikes of economic growth in spatial economy. The disadvantage of this traditional measure is the limited scope of economic information contained in it. The new measure of economic development proposed in the article encompasses a complex spectrum of phenomena in one number, as it takes into account the influence of the public administration sector, as well as top technology in the form of ICT and its practical business models. It also takes into account the digital prosumption and the platforms for participation. The participation platforms in the public administration sector are the websites of municipal public administration offices. A cluster analysis was used to distinguish four quality classes of these websites. These classes were assigned four different colours, which were then used to draw up a map of the selected province. Each municipality is marked with a colour that corresponds to the quality class of the website of the state administration office operating on its territory. The colour system resulting from the four-colour theorem and the corresponding dual graph play the role of a reference system in relation to each empirical colour distribution and another dual graph related to it. The measure of the economic development of a region is the degree of reduction of the dual graph corresponding to the empirical distribution of colours, which identifies the actual growth poles and determines the routes of growth. The presented indicator better and more precisely identifies poles and routes of economic growth than the traditional location quotient.

A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy

The reduction of buildings energy demand represents one of the main goals in developed countries in order to achieve a sustainable future. In Italy a significant number of public administration offices are located in historical buildings, especially in small provincial towns. In this paper the analysis of the energy and environmental effects deriving from the plant renovation of the Palazzo San Giorgio, the building offices of the municipality of Campobasso (Southern Italy), is carried out. The simulation model of the building-plant system has been implemented with the TRNSYS software using data collected in the survey campaign. It has been calibrated on the basis of the billed electricity and gas consumption and then, further used to evaluate the reduction of the building primary energy demands and CO2 emissions deriving from some non-invasive energy refurbishment measures: led lighting, thermostatic valves, cogeneration system and photovoltaic plant. The latter was considered in two variants: the first one provides a system completely integrated into the roof, the second one high efficiency non-integrated panels. The interventions have been evaluated both individually and combined. A primary energy saving of about 47% and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 73% are obtained with the best combined renovation action.

Tick‐borne viruses: Current trends in large‐scale viral surveillance

AbstractTicks are ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, such as tick‐borne viruses, to their hosts. Tick‐borne viruses are diverse: they can be categorized into two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Almost 25% of these viruses are infectious to humans and some are a serious threat to public health. The global rise in tick‐borne virus diseases has been linked to climate change which has reduced tick mortality in the winter and extended their active period. The spread of tick‐borne viral diseases to humans has received significant interest due to the increased threat to human life; epidemiological monitoring of tick‐borne viruses using molecular, immunological, and environmental methods is now a priority. Nevertheless, many tick‐borne diseases remain undiagnosed, which poses a challenge to public administration and health care officials. This review discusses three major tick‐borne RNA viruses that cause serious infection in humans: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. Specifically, we discuss the epidemiological monitoring, vector control measures, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and environmental determinants related to these viruses. Furthermore, we review the current surveillance of these tick‐borne viruses with a specific focus on diagnostic approaches that employ molecular interventions such as viral nucleic acid isolation, PCR‐based diagnostics, and high‐throughput sequencing technologies.

Systemowe metody monitorowania jakości pracy w urzędach administracji publicznej

Implementing modern methods of quality management improves the services provided by public administration. Quality management systems are tools for changing the structure, methods of operation, and consequently, the image of Polish administration. These systems are a modern method aimed at improving the management and quality of the public services provided. Implementing the system of solutions based on the ISO 9001 standard that ensures quality requires customers’ needs to continually be improved, defined and fulfilled effectively and economically. Such activities in public administration offices make it possible to develop transparent, ordered, self-improving organisations that are open to customers’ and employees’ needs. The system of quality management ensures the functioning of offices in accordance with the rules of law, objectivity, and professional ethics. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of systems methods of quality management in the public sector on the effectiveness and efficiency of the services provided, including the principles of professional ethics.

Classification of subjects of the system of prevention of administrative offenses of public administration officials

The article analyzes the theoretical approaches to the classification of subjects of administrative offenses prevention. This leads us to believe that both the subjects of administrative offenses, as well as the subjects of offenses committed by public administration officials, who constitute the system of prevention of offenses, are rather multilevel and complex.
 The author proposes his own classification of subjects of prevention of administrative offenses committed by public administration officials. It is stated that the system of subjects of prevention of administrative offenses of officials of public administration bodies consists of state bodies, local self-government bodies, public associations and citizens. Their legislator has mandated to prevent and eliminate the causes, conditions that create a favorable environment for public officials to commit administrative offenses. They should also prevent such offenses from being performed by officials in the performance of their duties or actions that may induce them to commit an administrative offense.The most important criterias for the classification of subjects of prevention of administrative offenses of public administration officials are distinguished: 1) by structure; 2) subject to such competence for the prevention of administrative offenses by officials of public administration bodies; 3) by the levels of implementation of prevention of administrative offenses of public administration officials.
 It is concluded that the subjects of prevention of administrative offenses of public administration officials are a rather complex element in the system of prevention of offenses. The proposed classification of these subjects accumulates the implementation of prevention administrative offenses of officials of public administration at different levels. At the same time, the proposal for legislative consolidation of the list of entities authorized to prevent administrative offenses by public administration officials remains open for discussion.

Scientific basis for the study of the prevention of administrative offenses by public administration officials

Scientific basis for the study of the prevention of administrative offenses by public administration officials

Needs assessment of the public health curriculum based on the first-level health services package in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

INTRODUCTION:After graduation, public health students should be able to work as health care givers providing first-level health care services. Therefore, the educational objectives of public health bachelor's programs should ensure that they acquire the capabilities necessary for this purpose. This study identified the educational objectives that are essential for these students and compared them with the current curriculum in Isfahan, Iran.METHODS:This needs assessment study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the essential educational objectives were identified using a qualitative approach, which involved eight focus group discussions held by a group consisting of experts of the public health headquarters and public health network administration offices of Isfahan province and the public health graduates working in the province's comprehensive health service centers, who were chosen using the purposive sampling method (n = 59). In the second phase, a comparative study was performed by turning the list of essential educational objectives into a checklist and using it to compare these objectives with the objectives in the current course plan in the examined curriculum. In the end, a list of educational objectives not included in the current curriculum of the public health bachelor's program was created.RESULTS:The focus group discussions produced 433 educational objectives in the cognitive domain, 79 objectives in the affective domain, and 179 objectives in the psychomotor domain, which were arranged in eight competency categories. Comparison of the essential educational objectives with the current curriculum showed that the current curriculum does not cover any of the essential objectives regarding care for the age groups of 18–29 and 30–59 and the first aid and only partially covers essential objectives in other competency categories.CONCLUSION:This study found that considering the requirements of first-level health services and the tasks expected from public health graduates to be providing these services, the current curriculum does not cover all essential learning objectives and should be revised to meet additional essential educational objectives.

IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OFFENSES AGAINST OFFICIALS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES

The article is devoted to the identification of ways of increasing the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses by officials of public administration bodies. Ways to increase the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration bodies are differentiated into organizational, methodological, information, technical and legal. The article substantiates that organizational factors of increasing the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration are aimed at neutralizing and reducing the impact of the negative consequences of violation of the performance of official duties by these officials. Among the organizational ways of improving the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration, bodies are the improvement of the system of subjects of such activity, forms and methods of preventive work, coordination of their efforts in counteracting offenses in the system of public administration. It is determined that the key to improving the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration is the systematic development of methodological recommendations for subdivisions (officials) of public administration on the prevention of offenses of official nature, the implementation of special training for the purpose of training which may lead to the commission of offenses by an official. The article is devoted to the analysis of technical measures of prevention of offenses of officials of public administration bodies, covering special technologies, rules, means that prevent the occurrence of negative consequences in the process of social activity of people, committing offenses. The article substantiates that improving the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration requires the development of a clear regulatory framework for the neutralization of conditions that facilitate the commission of administrative offenses. Keywords: offenses, public administration bodies, officials, prevention of offenses, administrative and legal measures of prevention of offenses of public administration officials, counteraction to offenses.

Administrative Procedure: European Standards and Conclusions for Ukraine

The relevance of the scientific article is due to the necessity to search for models of legal regulation of public relations that arise in public administration with a private person, which would meet the European standards of administrative procedure. The purpose of the article is to study the European experience of administrative and procedural ordering of public relations in order to form ideas of implementation in the legal field of Ukraine. The leading methods of research were the analysis of European practices of administrative procedure, modelling of legal structures acceptable to Ukraine. As a result of the research, proposals for legislative initiatives on the procedure for adopting administrative acts were formed. Research can be helpful to law-abiding lawyers and law enforcement officials, law school educators, and public administration officials and officials seeking to apply good administration standards and practices to individual management matters.

Information security assessment in public administration

The aim of the article is to characterise and assess information security management in units of public administration and to define recommended solutions facilitating an increase in the level of information security. The article is considered a theoretical-empirical research paper. The aim of theoretical research is to explain the basic terms related to information security management and to define conditions for the implementation of Information Security Management System (ISMS). Within the scope of theoretical considerations, source literature, legislation and reports are being referred to. In the years 2016-2019, empirical research has been conducted, which aim was to assess the efficiency of information security management in public administration offices. The evaluation of results of surveys was accompanied by an analysis of statistical relations between the researched variables, which enabled to define effects of European Union regulations on the delivery of information security in public administration. Results of the empirical data show that in the years 2016-2017, in public administration offices, certain problem areas in the aspect of information security management were present, which include, among others: lack of ISMS organisation, incomplete or outdated ISMS documentation, lack of regular risk analysis, lack of reviews, audits or controls, limited use of physical and technological protection measures, lack of training or professional development. In the years 2018-2019, European Union solutions, i.e. the GDPR Regulation and the NIS Directive, have affected the increase in the security level of information in public administration and have a significantly limited occurrence of identified irregularities. Results of the research enable to assume that the delivery of information security in public administration requires a systemic approach arising from the need for permanent improvement.

Stan kadr administracji publicznej z perspektywy ogólnokrajowej i regionalnej

This paper tackles staff problems of contemporary public administration. It starts with an analysis of the dependence between the efficiency of administration and the effi ciency of public servants in administration, whose efficiency depends on the level and quality of their qualifications. The analysis was carried out in three perspectives (i) with regard to the whole public administration of the State, (ii) with regard to the State and government central administration and (iii) with regard to regional public administration, on the example of the Lower Silesia region. It was assumed that the quality of the staff in administration is related to and depends on the legislation regulating the recruitment for public administration offices. The relevant provisions determine the choices made in the recruitment process and the subsequent creation of career paths. However, unstable and poor legal provisions have a negative impact on the quality of public administration personnel, which is manifested in poor performance, high employment fl uctuations and a diminishing interest among the younger generation in a career in public administration. This, in turn, may distort the natural generation exchange of administration staff in the future. As can be seen from the statistical analysis conducted in respect of the numbers of public administration employees and the fluctuation among them, as well as the demographic structure examined with regard the gender, age and length of employment, the initially assumed hypothesis of the negative consequences of the inconsistent legislative policy governing the regulations of the public administration staff. The sociological picture illustrating the attitudes among the members of the society to public administration confirms the hypothesis of the poor condition of public administration and a loss in confi dence in its activities or actions. The main reason for the current situation is that the constitutional principle of the neutrality of civil servants is realised only by orders that prohibit combining civil service with political activity, but do not limit or reduce the strong and direct influence exercised by political parties on the legal regulations within public civil service or the policies of appointing candidates to key administrative positions in (not only government) offices.

Legal Principles of Organization and Implementation of Administrative and Legal Measures for the Prevention of Offenses Committed by Public Administration Officials

Legal Principles of Organization and Implementation of Administrative and Legal Measures for the Prevention of Offenses Committed by Public Administration Officials

Syndrom wypalenia zawodowego w administracji publicznej

Burnout syndrome in public administrationOccupational burnout is a state experienced by an employee in the domain of their psyche, somatics and social interactions. This phenomenon has a huge impact on the functioning of the structure in which this person is employed. In the case of employment in public administration institutions, the occurrence of the burnout syndrome is conditioned by specific factors having to do with the organizational and workplace culture-related conditions within a given institution, as well as systemic and organizational foundations of the administrative structure itself. The burnout syndrome in public administration officials and employees occurs at a similar frequency as in the entire working population; however, for those employed in aid-providing institutions, the risk is notably higher. As for the remedies, a major role is played by supervision and appropriate organizational climate that provides support and respect for other-than-professional areas of social functioning of an employee or a public administration official.

Publicity Attached to Reputational Incentives: Anti-corruption Models in the Public Administration

This article aims at showing how reputational incentives can be used as a powerful mechanism to address corruption. The method derives from Tirole (2009) relating to the effect of rewards on individuals motivation. The article considers rewards as incentives proposed by the principal in a principal-agent model with information asymmetry related to the agent’s effort. The purpose of this article is to differentiate the types of incentives between monetary ones and reputational ones. We define an additive separable utility function for the agent by distinguishing between the utility related to the monetary incentive and that related to the reputational incentive. And, we determine the indifference curves of the respective utility function and calculate the marginal rates of substitution. The article provides two main results. First, the study indicates that the change in the attractiveness of monetary incentive from an increase in reputational incentive is negative. This result shows a prosocial effect of reputational incentive that reduces the attractiveness of monetary incentive. That shows the powerful impact of reputational mechanisms as incentive that leads to the probity effort of public administration officials. The other result indicates that the change in the attractiveness of reputational incentive from an increase in monetary incentive is negative. This result shows the harmful effect of the monetary incentive that reduces the attractiveness of the reputational incentive and shows that monetary incentives cannot be used to deal with the greed of individuals. These results are reinforced by the positive marginal substitution rates.The article concludes that reputational and publicity mechanisms are powerful motivators that must be taken into account in the design of costless public policies and administration reforms to address corruption of public officials. Furthermore, monetary incentives should not be used as a tool of addressing corruption. Keywords: Reputational Incentives, Principal-Agent, Corruption JEL Codes: A13, D73, D78, D82 DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-8-11 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

An Existence of State Administration Court in Establishing Good Governance

Administration officials have broad authority in carrying out the affair of government. With this broad authority tends to be misused to cause harm and injustice in the society, therefore there must be other institutions that control it. Based on the theory of Trigs Politico executive agencies are politically controlled by the legislative and juridical institutions controlled by the judiciary, because the officials running the state administration executive functions that control the judiciary is legally the state administrative court. Judicial control of administrative functions of the state administrative court in addition aims to provide legal protection for the public and state administration officials themselves, as well as state administrative law enforcement agencies who aspire to realize a good and authoritative government.
 
 Keywords: Good government, State administration court

Ethics in Public Administration in Kosovo

It is important for the state to maintain and increase public confidence in the Public Administration. This trust grows and is kept in public only when civil servants, officials, perform duties with integrity, impartiality and fairness. Ethics is being discussed very recently and it is becoming an extremely mention topic for the business, public administration and in social private environments. Unethical and corrupt behaviour can not only be prevented by punitive measures, from inside and outside analysis, it has a negative perception on corruption in state institutions. Every day in the media, we can encounter information about the bad behaviour of public administration officials regarding corruption, Kosovo is ranked in unsatisfactory positions regarding this phenomenon. It is important to prepare the self-public manual institution guide, which should rely on international standards and policy implementation in practice.The question is whether only legal and sublegal acts are enough to keep this problem under control ? In this paper we will study the legislation, covering the field of ethical behaviour and good practices of combating these negative phenomena.

Statistical Analysis of the Spread of Internet in Ukraine

Digital technologies have been rapidly spreading in the world, penetrating in the all the spheres of human life. Ukraine, although integrated in the global ICT markets, has featured slow rates of new technologies dissemination, not least because of the low penetration of Internet. In view of the above, the article’s objective is to analyze statistical data on the spread of Internet in Ukraine. 
 The analysis reveals that in spite of the significantly grown number Internet subscribers, рercentage of individuals using Internet in Ukraine is only 52% of the population. This level is too low if even compared with the neighboring countries. The gap in Internet use between city and rural areas was 30% in 2016. 
 By age group, the most active Internet users are youth aged 15–23. However, of the people elder than 55, the number of Internet users is far lower than in developed countries. It is stressed that the official statistical data do not reflect the actual situation with the spread of Internet in Ukraine. The analysis of statistical data on ICT use at enterprises by employment number shows that the most active Internet users are enterprises with 10–49 employees; Internet is used for performing work functions by 31% of the employees. Only 48.8% of respondents from enterprises have got in contact with public administration offices via Internet.
 The analysis demonstrates the wide gap between Ukraine and developed countries in the ICT field. This is due to the low spread of Internet resulting in the slow penetration of new technologies and standards in the telecommunication sector.