Pteropod Mollusk Clione Limacina Research Articles

Swimming In The Pteropod Mollusc, Clione Limacina: I. Behaviour and Morphology*

ABSTRACT In the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina (Phipps), swimming is accomplished through alternate dorsal and ventral flexions of a pair of strongly muscularized wing-like parapodia (wings). Wing musculature is arranged in seven muscle groups. The two outermost dorsal and ventral groups produce the bending movements of swimming. The three inner muscle groups include longitudinal and transverse wing retractors and dorso-ventral muscles. The overall muscle arrangement is similar to that of the generalized mollusc foot. During hovering locomotion the wings pronate on downstroke and supinate on upstroke to produce a maximal angle of attack of 42° for both phases. Wing tips nearly touch or overlap in the saggital plane at the extreme of each half-cycle. High speed movie analysis of hovering swimming indicates that upstroke and downstroke are nearly symmetrical. It is suggested that wings produce lift in both wing phases. We estimate from wing dimensions and velocity measurements that the Reynolds number of the wings is approximately 200. A novel lift-generating mechanism, similar to the ‘clap-and-fling’ of insects, may be utilized by the Clione wing to generate lift throughout the wing cycle despite the reversal of wing movement in each half-stroke.

Neural mechanism underlying behavioral choice in Pleurobranchaea.

ArticlesNeural mechanism underlying behavioral choice in PleurobranchaeaM. P. Kovac, and W. J. DavisM. P. Kovac, and W. J. DavisPublished Online:01 Feb 1980https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1980.43.2.469MoreSectionsPDF (4 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByPhysiology and Morphology of Shared and Specialized Spinal Interneurons for Locomotion and ScratchingAri Berkowitz1 June 2008 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 99, No. 6Forced Moves or Good Tricks in Design Space? Landmarks in the Evolution of Neural Mechanisms for Action Selection26 July 2016 | Adaptive Behavior, Vol. 15, No. 1Neural Mechanisms Underlying Co-Activation of Functionally Antagonistic Motoneurons During a Clione Feeding BehaviorTigran P. Norekian, and Aleksey Y. Malyshev1 April 2006 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 95, No. 4Interneuronal and Peptidergic Control of Motor Pattern Switching in AplysiaPeter T. Morgan, Jian Jing, Ferdinand S. Vilim, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss1 January 2002 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 87, No. 1Broadly Tuned Spinal Neurons for Each Form of Fictive Scratching in Spinal TurtlesAri Berkowitz1 August 2001 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 86, No. 2Escape Swim Network Interneurons Have Diverse Roles in Behavioral Switching and Putative Arousal in PleurobranchaeaJian Jing, and Rhanor Gillette1 March 2000 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 83, No. 3Control of Cricket Stridulation by a Command Neuron: Efficacy Depends on the Behavioral StateBerthold Hedwig1 February 2000 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 83, No. 2Coordination of Startle and Swimming Neural Systems in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina: Role of the Cerebral Cholinergic InterneuronTigran P. Norekian1 July 1997 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 78, No. 1Startle Phase of Escape Swimming Is Controlled by Pedal Motoneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacinaRichard A. Satterlie, Tigran P. Norekian, and Kirk J. Robertson1 January 1997 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 77, No. 1Egg laying hormone inhibits a neuron (C-PR) involved in multiple manifestations of food-induced arousal in AplysiaBrain Research, Vol. 552, No. 2The neuronal organisation of the paired pedal ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 69, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 43Issue 2February 1980Pages 469-487 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1980 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1980.43.2.469PubMed7381529History Published online 1 February 1980 Published in print 1 February 1980 Metrics

Intercellular potentials of CNS neurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.

Intracellular potentials were studied in giant central nervous system (CNS) neurons of the pteropod molluskClione limacina which lives in the White Sea. The mean amplitude of the action potential (AP) and the resting potential (RP) of 30 neurons from different ganglia was 56. 9±3. 3 mv (35–94 mv) and 46. 6±1. 3 mv (33–60 mv) respectively. The maximal rate of rise of the AP was 20–50 v/sec. Many APs had well-marked after-hyperpolarization (mean amplitude 9.8±1. 2 mv, duration 134. 7±20. 4 msec). In some neurons spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) were recorded constantly. Mainly IPSPs were recorded from giant neurons of the cerebral ganglia. The mean amplitude of single IPSPs was 4. 9±0. 6 mv and their duration varied from 100 to 500 msec. The reversal potential was about 60 mv. EPSPs recorded from other CNS neurons were of similar amplitude and duration.