Psychotherapeutic Assistance Research Articles

Socio-psychological characteristics of psychoemotional states of Ukrainians during the first week of the Russian-Ukrainian war

Introduction: Analysing the current conditions associated with the influence of the Russian invasion, one can observe the spread of dramatic changes in the mental and emotional manifestations of the Ukrainian population. In this context, the study of social and psychological factors that directly provoke the spread of so-called psychoemotional deviations becomes particularly relevant. The purpose is to investigate and analyse Ukrainians' socio-psychological behaviour in the early days of a full-scale invasion and identify factors that explain the population's high psychoemotional variability during the war's most critical stage.Methods: Among the research methods used were the method of generalised and comparative system analysis and synthesis, a hidden survey of the population of Ukraine, and the methods of mathematical statistics and modelling.Results: Based on scientific sources and empirical material analysis, the authors investigated the psychoemotional states of the Ukrainian population during the first week of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The problem is the excessive detection of crisis psychoemotional states and the inability to provide timely psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance, which can lead to chronic psychosomatic manifestations and somatic and mental illnesses. To this purpose, it is vital to understand what psychoemotional difficulties Ukrainians most commonly face, especially in the early days of the conflict, when panic attacks, escapes, anger, a lack of empathy, and emotions are common.Conclusions: This implies the practical significance of the conducted research, which includes the use of various psychological techniques for both self-help and mutual assistance in some cases of psychoemotional disorders

Psychoanalytic perspectives on traumatised children: The Armenian experience

In this very original and pioneering chapter, the noted British-based forensic psychoanalytical practitioner, the late Mrs Sira Dermen, has written a very detailed and rather moving encapsulation of her work in Armenia, providing emergency support for survivors of the devastating earthquake which erupted in 1988. This essay serves as an inspiring role model for the ways in which contemporary forensic mental health practitioners can offer not only traditional psychotherapeutic assistance, but also treat the survivors of what we might consider as environmental forensic patients, namely, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and other climate change-related bombings.

Methodological bases of integration of Positive Psychotherapy with modern directions of psychotherapeutic assistance

Methodological bases of integration of Positive Psychotherapy with modern directions of psychotherapeutic assistance

A comprehensive approach to overcoming the consequences of severe psychological traumatization of adults

This article presents the experience of the art-psychotherapeutic rehabilitation project of ATO veterans, former prisoners who were held captive in the territory of the so-called “Donetsk People's Republic” (DPR) and “Luhansk People's Republic” (LPR), as well as their family members. The theoretical and methodological foundations of psychotherapy of mental trauma in the dimensions of various psychotherapeutic directions are highlighted. On the basis of this, the authors developed a conceptual and organizational structure of a holistic project built on the methodology of the psychodynamic paradigm in its combination with art therapy. The task of studying the regularities of the psychotherapeutic process in the created and researched space was realized, the difficulties of the psychotherapeutic process and strategies for overcoming them were analyzed. The experience of the implementation of the project shows that the psychological regularities of individual and group unconscious functioning steadily trigger the process, as a result of which the entire project, together with all its participants, eventually begins to function as a single large psychotherapeutic group. Therefore, ensuring the quality of psychotherapeutic assistance in this format is impossible without regular supervision, which allows psychotherapists to make sense of their experience, ecologically live its traumatic components, stay within the limits of a professional position, namely patient, benevolent and empathic support of the healing process. The authors showed that in such projects, a conscious, planned, controlled departure of psychotherapists from a strict psychoanalytic setting, which is characterized by benevolent neutrality, calm emotional involvement and strict adherence to the framework, towards greater support, emotional transparency, and flexibility of psychotherapists in maintaining the framework conditions is appropriate. The obtained results require further understanding, but are already a serious empirical basis for the development of psychodynamic psychotherapy of trauma and the understanding of group social processes of a society involved in war and forced to restore its balance.

Личностные факторы профессионального выгорания у школьных учителей

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance. There is a lack of information in the scientific literature about predictors of professional burnout among schoolteachers. This complicates psychological work to prevent and overcome professional burnout syndrome, which is a consequence of significant physical and psychological overload among modern teachers. The aim. To identify the most significant personal factors of professional burnout among schoolteachers. Study design. The article analyzes the relationship between the professional burnout of schoolteachers and such personal factors as the professional motivation of teachers, their meaningful life orientations, strategies for coping behavior, satisfaction with various aspects of pedagogical activity. Materials and methods. The study involved 409 teachers of secondary schools in Moscow and the Moscow region aged 23 to 65 years. The following questionnaires were used: «Professional Burnout» questionnaire, «Life Orientations Test», «Job Satisfaction Components Questionnaire», «Coping Methods Questionnaire», «Professional Motivation Questionnaire». Data analysis was carried out using correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results. It is shown that the socio-psychological qualities of the individual, necessary for building the pedagogical interaction of the teacher with other participants in educational relations, primarily with the parents of students, are of high importance for reducing the risk of professional burnout. The most significant personal factors that are predictors of professional burnout among schoolteachers with different indicators of burnout have been identified (dissatisfaction with interaction with students’ parents, the predominance of controlled motivation for work, preference for unconstructive strategies for coping with problematic situations, a feeling of unfulfillment and inability to fully manage one’s life). Conclusions. Psychological, advisory and psychotherapeutic assistance to schoolteachers can be expanded by correcting work motivation, using positive reappraisal and non-confrontation to cope with difficult situations, and teaching effective means of communication with other participants in educational relations.</p>

Initial psychological assistance for military servants with symptoms of acute stress disorder

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological features of providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance to victims, in particular to military servants. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical analysis of scientific works; observation of servicemen in hospital conditions; conversations with servicemen and doctors; and interviews with foreign colleagues. Findings As a result of theoretical and empirical research, it was found that initial psychological assistance is more effective if it is provided in a timely and comprehensive manner in cooperation with medical assistance, if the recommended exercises are performed systematically by the victim and if a certain algorithm for providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance is used. Originality/value The authors present their own algorithm for providing initial psychological assistance to military servants: psychophysiological stabilization; adjustment of emotional balance; restoration of cognitive processes and acquisition of constructive coping strategies; and formation of life meanings that provide an opportunity to survive the crisis period of life. In this paper, the authors also note the importance of providing psychological first aid to victims of extreme situations in a timely manner, which helps reduce the intensity of symptoms of acute stress disorder and reduces the likelihood of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Neurocognitive Targets for Psychological Assistance in Patients with the Anhedonia Phenomenon within the Framework of Affective Pathology

IntroductionAnhedonia is a transdiagnostic psychopathological phenomenon that is considered a key feature for several disorders, primarily affective spectrum disorders. It exhibits a significant association with social and occupational maladjustment, reduced quality of life, and increased suicidal risk among psychiatric patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify recommendations for psychotherapeutic assistance for patients with affective spectrum disorders.MethodsA total of 26 patients with affective spectrum disorders (ICD-10 code - F33, F31) and the phenomenon of anhedonia were examined. We utilized neuropsychological methods aimed at investigating a wide range of cognitive functions (Dynamic praxis; Color interference test; Arithmetic Tasks; Number of skips and impulsive errors; Reverse and straight rows; Verbal fluency; Design fluency; Rey-Osterritz figure) and psychometric methods designed to diagnose various types of anhedonia (consummatory (TEPS), anticipatory (TEPS), social (RSAS), and physical (PAS)).Results Among patients with depression, the consummatory type of anhedonia was the most pronounced. A relationship was found between anticipatory anhedonia and phonetic verbal fluency (r = 0.487; p < 0.01). Additionally, there were correlations between immediate (consummatory) pleasure experience and Rey figure errors (r = -0.349; p < 0.05). Social anhedonia was associated with phonetic verbal fluency productivity (r = -0.509; p < 0.01) and performance in visual fluency productivity (r = -0.473; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe obtained results allow us to hypothesize that anhedonia is associated with difficulties both in evaluating and imagining possible positive stimuli, which leads to a lack of emotional response to the current stimulus. Thus, the availability of current pleasure may be linked to memory accessibility and regulatory function. When these domains are weakened, the respondent loses the ability to associate the current stimulus with positive past experiences, making it challenging to generate an emotional response in the current stimulus situation and disrupting the anticipation of pleasure. Based on the results, we propose the effective use of behavioral activation and work on the actualization of past experiences. Behavioral activation can be implemented by gradually introducing behaviors associated with past pleasures into the patient’s life, followed by cognitive restructuring aimed at focusing the emotional response on past and current stimuli. In addition to this, from a neurocognitive perspective, an additional element of therapy could involve training various types of cognitive functions, with an emphasis on the auditory modality.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Розвиток самосвідомості педагогів музичного спрямування

The article presents the results of theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific achievements of foreign and domestic scientists in their study of the problem of psychological readiness of specialists who investigate it in terms of special education, remedial and rehabilitation effects on children with intellectual, autistic, speech and kinesthetic dysontogenesis disorders. Analysis of literature sources shows that the psychological readiness of a specialist in special education is an integral part of teacner education consisting of the motivational, emotional and activity-related attitude of an adult to changes in behavioural, regulatory, developmental, intellectual, sensory perception of cooperation with a child, aimed at the correction and compensation for central nuclear disorders and their consequences. The psychological readiness of a music therapist is presented as the following components: praxeological, assertive, and internal. Each component is represented by parameters of intellectual, motivational, volitional, self-regulatory, evaluative, creative, communicative, corrective and compensatory psychological mechanisms. It is determined that the personal traits of a musician-teacher are manifested in a situation of their awareness of the need for special professional training to perceive the psychological characteristics of children with special educational needs. It is noted that without the formed psychological readiness of a specialist in the field of music, their supervision of training, psychological support, a negative attitude towards ‘special’ children and cooperation with them are established. Music therapy requires special training of specialists who are not only competent in the field of music, the influence of music, and the use of musical instruments, but also what ensures the phenomenon of its effectiveness and reliability of scientific and practical results. Music therapy has recently begun to be used in special education, and this work involved specialists in the field of music. Scientists studying the pedagogical and psychological qualities of a music teacher point out the criteria such as high-quality musical abilities, the ability to encourage children to cooperate, reveal musical abilities in these children, develop musical taste in them and understanding of the material, make efforts while learning to play instruments, by creatively approaching the use of musical material and systematically supporting motivation and contributing to the creative development of children. The article presents levels of music therapists’ professional awareness of the problems of cooperation with children with special educational needs, and their acceptance, assimilation, processing, and implementation of musical content. The article presents the criteria developed by the author and levels of psychological readiness of a specialist in musical development regarding adequate interaction with children differentiated according to a specific nosology. It is determined that such cooperation should take place in the context of not only musical but also special work within the framework of music psychotherapy. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop and test a structural and functional model of professional special psychological training of music specialists with a significant emphasis on psychotherapeutic assistance. Keywords: music therapy, special education, psychological readiness, music therapist, children with special educational needs.

Characteristics of value orientations and attitudes to communication in codependent women of different ages as predictors of the development of sustainable behavior

This article is devoted to the study of the relationship of value orientations and attitudes to communication in codependent women of different ages. In accordance with the idea of the study, we studied 225 women aged 20 to 55 years, who were divided into three groups depending on the identified level of codependency (high, medium and low). Research hypotheses: 1. It is possible that co-dependent women from different age groups have different value orientations; 2. In women, in accordance with the level of co-dependent behavior, there may be differences in the structure of the hierarchy of value orientations; 3. There may be a relationship between communicative attitudes and value orientations in codependent women. In the course of the empirical research, the following methods of psychological testing were used: the scale of codependency by B. Weinhold, J. Weinhold; the Method of “Value orientations” by M. Rokich; the Method of diagnosing the need to search for sensations by M. Zuckerman and the Method of diagnosing the communicative attitude by V. V. Boyko. The results obtained during the study can be used in the further work of consultants providing psychotherapeutic assistance to addicts and their family members.

Внутренняя картина болезни и модели отношения к лечению у женщин с соматизированными расстройствами

<p><strong>Relevance.</strong> The category of patients with somatization disorders (SD) poses a serious problem for primary health care, where their prevalence reaches 40%. There is an opinion that in modern society there is a phenomenon of stigma, and a stigmatizing attitude towards the mentally ill persists. Currently, the phenomenon of self–stigmatization is being studied to a greater extent in severe mental disorders: the connection of self–stigmatization with social identity, a sense of self–worth, internal stability, and the ability to cope with stressful situations. The issue of developing destigmatized forms of care for patients with non–psychotic disorders, primarily psychotherapeutic offices in the primary health care network, remains relevant. <strong>The purpose</strong> of the study is to study differences in the severity of self–stigmatization and indicators of attitude towards the disease and treatment in patients with SD who sought help from a psychiatrist or psychotherapist and in women who avoided contacting specialized specialists. <strong>Methods.</strong> Questionnaire for assessing self–stigma I.I. Mikhailova, V.S. Yastrebova, a questionnaire to study attitudes towards the disease and treatment of B.D. Karvasarsky, correlation and regression analysis. The article presents <strong>the results</strong> of an empirical study of the relationships and parameters of motivation for treatment and the level of self–stigmatization in women suffering from somatization disorders with manifestations of «psychiatrist–avoiding behavior», on the basis of which the authors describe models of attitude towards treatment. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Based on the identified relationships between the parameters of patients’ motivation to seek help from a psychiatrist and the level of self–stigmatization, it was possible to describe models of attitude towards treatment in patients with somatization disorders who have not sought specialized psychiatric help for a long time: «model of denial», «model of fixation», «model of ignoring» , confirmed by the presence of regressive connections and the «dubious benefit» model, justified by the presence of a positive linear correlation. The data obtained will form the basis for the development of a program of psychotherapeutic assistance and clinical and psychological support for patients with CP not only at the inpatient, but also at the outpatient stages of treatment.</p>

Study protocol: a personalized approach to the rehabilitation of outpatient medical workers with burnout syndrome.

A scientific study is devoted to the problem of burnout of medical workers providing primary health care. The presented protocol is aimed at creating promising personalized rehabilitation programs, the development of which will be based on the data of laboratory and instrumental examinations of a particular medical worker and will include not only psychotherapeutic assistance, but also comprehensive counseling by specialized specialists, as well as a variety of physiotherapeutic treatment. With the help of quality of life and burnout questionnaires, a comparison will be made between employees of the inpatient and outpatient departments of medical institutions, as well as a comparison of the effectiveness of the developed personalized rehabilitation programs. It is planned that as a result of the study, the created rehabilitation programs will reduce the level of professional burnout and will be aimed at overcoming professional adaptation, which will improve the climate of the professional environment and maintain mental and physical health, as well as increase the professional prestige of medical specialties and ensure a decrease in the outflow of personnel from medical institutions.

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TOOLS IN DEALING WITH NEGATIVE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATES BY EXAMPLE OF ONLINE GAMES "TETRIS" AND "FARM"

Introduction: The war has exacerbated the negative psycho-emotional states of people living in Ukraine and abroad. Right now, there is an urgent need for quality mental health care. The search for new effective and at the same time simple methods of providing relevant psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance determines the relevance of this research.
 The aim: To investigate and prove the effectiveness of the dosed daily use of an online game as a psychotherapeutic tool in dealing with the negative psychoemotional states of people living abroad during the war in Ukraine.
 Materials and Methods: 500 people took part in the experimental research - Ukrainian immigrants in China, the USA, Portugal and Germany – 267 women and 233 men aged 18-35, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups of 250 each. The research continued for 13 months. Methods: psychological counselling, psychoeducation, dosed daily using online games «Tetris» and «Farm» in the control and experimental groups, respectively. Diagnostic methods: Questionnaire for the detection of psychosomatic disorders, Depression Self-Assessment Scale and Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale.
 Results: In the primary diagnosis, the following results were obtained: high rates of psychosomatic disorders in 70,8% of the control and 66,7% of the experimental groups; depression in 63,3% of the control and 66,7% of the experimental groups; high rates of anxiety in 66,7% of the control and 70% of the experimental groups. After using the online games «Tetris» and «Farm» in the control and experimental groups, respectively, the following results were obtained: high rates of psychosomatic disorders decreased to 37,5% of people in the control group and 33,3% in the experimental group; 33,3% of people in the control group and 30% in the experimental group have depression; high rates of anxiety were found in 33,3% of people in the control group and 26,7% in the experimental group, which is half as much as the previous indicators.
 Conclusions: the results of the experimental research suggest that the dosed daily use of the online game «Farm» is an effective psychotherapeutic tool in dealing with negative psycho-emotional states, proven by the authors.

Mental personality disorders: Current state of the problem statement

The stages of personality formation are regulated by qualitative and quantitative changes in a person's physiological development and the consequences of his interaction with the surrounding world. These processes are controlled by the nervous system and subordinate to the mental functions of the individual. Taking this into account, the problem of mental disorders becomes relevant at the current state of the development of society, where external circumstances, in particular, rapid transformational processes in the economic and social spheres of society, as well as the exacerbation of political conflicts, influence the formation and deepening of negative mental properties in the population. In this regard, the purpose of the research work was to determine the characteristics of external driving factors that lead to the development of destructive neoplasm in the mental activity of an individual, as well as to identify internal determinants that provoke violations in the behavioural and cognitive-emotional spheres of a person. At the same time, it became important to determine modern ways of supporting the mental health of an individual to ensure the process of restoring his/her social and psychological ties in society. The basis of the theoretical-methodological approach was the qualitative analytical research methods of studying the problem of mental disorders of the personality and the substantive analysis of psychotherapeutic assistance in the treatment of mental disorders. The research paper presents data that reflect the current state of the problem of mental disorders of the personality in the global space, highlight their aetiology and describe effective approaches to combating them. The obtained results of the scientific research are significant for workers in the psychological field, who implement their professional activities in psychotherapeutic practice, as well as for teachers and social organizations for a comprehensive understanding of the symptoms and course of mental disorders of the personality and directions of therapy.

Separate approaches to the provision of emergency psychological, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic assistance in emergency situations

The paper considers individual approaches to the provision of emergency psychiatric care in emergency situations. The authors believe that emergency psychological, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care is an important component of the healthcare system and plays an important role in providing timely assistance to people facing crisis situations, including mental disorders, suicidal thoughts, traumatic events and other problems. The main task of emergency psychological, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care is to provide quick and effective assistance in an emergency situation when every minute matters and can save a life. In addition, emergency psychological, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care can also help prevent the development of mental health-related diseases and provide patients with access to the necessary resources and treatment. It is important to note that urgent psychological, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care should be available to everyone who needs it, regardless of age, gender, social status and other factors. At the same time, it is important to take into account the cultural and ethical characteristics of each patient and provide them with an individual approach and high-quality care.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОДОЛАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ У СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ

The article deals with the issue of professional burnout among servicemen who are in the area of combat operations. The peculiarities of psychological counseling of military professional activity of servicemen are described. Psychological support of military personnel includes: psychological counseling, psychotherapeutic assistance, personal factors of professional burnout (introversion, sensitivity, low level of self-esteem and self-respect, desire for dominance); status-role (role conflict, negative stereotypes, dissatisfaction with professional promotion, lower social status, isolation from the reference group); professional-organizational (organizational conflicts, lack of autonomy, excessive control); existential (dissatisfaction with the results achieved, feelings of frustration, dissatisfaction with the results of activities, loss of meaning, loneliness). Professional burnout leads to impaired functioning of the unit, causes a negative psychological climate, and contributes to a decrease in performance. If a serviceman develops symptoms of professional burnout, his psychological state tends to become negative and extends beyond the individual's well-being. The effective performance of combat missions is represented not only by the professional training and physical capabilities of the individual, but also by his or her ability to express responsibility, independence, self-control, flexibility, ability to make independent decisions and constructively interact with other members of the military team under the influence of stress factors and the performance of professional tasks.

THE SYSTEM OF SPEECH THERAPY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND STABILIZATION OF EMOTIONAL STATES IN CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS: A FOCUS ON MIGRANT FAMILIES

This article addresses the importance of implementing a comprehensive system of speech therapy interventions to support the development and stabilization of emotional states in children with speech disorders, particularly in the context of migrant families. The unique psychological needs of children from immigrant backgrounds with speech disorders are discussed, emphasizing the significance of psychological support provided to both the children and their families. This support encompasses psychological counseling, psychotherapeutic assistance, and speech therapy interventions. Within the framework of military psychological services, the implementation of various psychological techniques aimed at addressing speech therapy challenges in children holds significant importance, alongside organizational and legal aspects. Modern practical psychotherapy encompasses diverse directions and profiles, among which family psychotherapy, specifically systemic family psychotherapy, occupies a prominent position. In the context of children with speech disorders, this type of psychotherapy becomes particularly relevant, focusing on the whole family system. Professionals working with children aim to prevent and overcome speech disorders through various approaches. These include the development of visual-spatial concepts, attention stability, self-control, phonetic and lexical-grammatical exercises, promoting coherent speech, and addressing therapy of emotional states. Resources, encompassing internal and external variables, play a crucial role in maintaining psychological stability during stressful situations. These resources involve emotional, motivational-volitional, cognitive, and behavioral constructs that aid in adaptation. Psychotherapeutic techniques employed include psychoeducation, autogenic training (breathing exercises), trauma therapy elements (emotion processing, returning to the present moment), and concept-integrative methods (identifying strengths, focusing on resources, utilizing visualization techniques). Additional exercises such as grounding exercises, emotion exploration (utilizing emotion images), identifying sources of strength and support, relaxation exercises (such as psychogymnastics), and elements of music therapy are incorporated into psychological training.

ПЕРВИННА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА ДОПОМОГА ПОТЕРПІЛИМ ІЗ СИМПТОМАМИ ГОСТРОГО СТРЕСОВОГО РОЗЛАДУ

Considering the high level of stressogenicity in the conditions of the existing war threat in Ukraine, the ability of psychologists to differentiate post-stress symptoms and to provide initial psychotherapeutic help to the victims in a timely manner is important and relevant. Analyzing the psychotherapeutic experience of Israeli, German, Czech, American, and Lithuanian colleagues, the article highlights the features of initial psychotherapeutic help that is in demand in Ukraine today. The author presents and compares the symptoms that arise as a result of psychological trauma, which are identified in the unified Ukrainian clinical protocol of primary, secondary and tertiary medical care and in IKH-10. The purpose of the article is to determine the psychological features of providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance to victims, in particular to military personnel. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources, observation of servicemen in hospital conditions, conversations with servicemen and doctors, interviews with foreign colleagues. As a result of theoretical and empirical research, it was found that initial psychological assistance is more effective if it is provided in a timely and comprehensive manner in cooperation with medical assistance; if the recommended exercises are performed systematically by the victim; if a certain algorithm for providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance is used. Conclusions. The author presents his own algorithm for providing initial psychological assistance to military personnel: psychophysiological stabilization – adjustment of emotional balance – restoration of cognitive processes and acquisition of constructive coping strategies – formation of life meanings that provide an opportunity to survive the crisis period of life. In the article, the author also notes the importance of providing psychological first aid to victims of extreme situations in a timely manner, which helps reduce the intensity of symptoms of acute stress disorder and reduces the likelihood of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Comparative analysis of psychotherapy services and reimbursement mechanisms across European countries

Introduction. Mental health services and access to psychotherapeutic assistance are vital components of comprehensive healthcare systems. However, the implementation and reimbursement of psychotherapy vary significantly across European countries. Understanding these variations is essential for policymakers, healthcare providers, and mental health advocates to ensure equitable and effective mental healthcare services throughout the continent. Methods. This article presents an in-depth analysis of psychotherapy landscapes in several European countries, focusing on eligibility criteria, coverage models, and reimbursement mechanisms. The countries under consideration include Switzerland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Poland, and Italy. Results. Each country has developed a unique system for delivering mental health services, resulting in diverse approaches to psychotherapy provision. The common trend across many nations is the requirement for psychotherapy to be prescribed or recommended by a qualified medical practitioner, often involving initial free or subsidized sessions with the possibility of extension contingent on evaluation. Eligibility criteria for free or subsidized psychotherapy often depend on factors such as the severity of the condition and specific diagnosis. Challenges related to access, including long waiting lists, are evident in some countries, leading individuals to seek private sessions to overcome delays. The division between public and private practice creates potential fragmentation in mental health care delivery. Conclusion. Access to psychotherapy in Europe is a complex landscape with each country adopting a unique approach. Ongoing challenges include availability, cost, and recognition of diverse therapeutic approaches. Standardizing mental health services across Europe is crucial for addressing these challenges and ensuring individuals receive the necessary support. Efforts are needed to improve accessibility, affordability, and recognition of various psychotherapeutic modalities to enhance mental healthcare services continent-wide.

Гендерный аспект психологических факторов риска суицидального поведения

In article the personal risk factors and internal protective factors of the suicide behavior on an example of psychological features of the women who have made attempted suicide (n=40, age 38,6±5,1 years), in comparison with control group are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to predict the commission of repeated suicide attempts, as well as the urgency of psychocorrective and psychotherapeutic assistance. Methods of research: R. Kettell’s 16-factor personality questionnaire (16-FLO, form C), S. Rosenzweig’s test of drawing association (frustration reactions). Rosenzweig, P. I. Junatzkevich’s test «SR-45» (detection of propensity to suicidal reactions). Using an anonymous questionnaire, socio-demographic indicators were recorded: age, marital status, number of children, level of education and professional employment. Statistical analysis of empirical data was carried out in the program «SPSS Statistics, ver. 19.0» using Mann-Whitney U-criterion (p≤0.05) and Pearson’s r-correlation coefficient (p=0.05; p=0.01). As a result of the study, it was found that psychological risk factors for suicidal behavior (in the context of the significance of the situation experienced), are socio-demographic and personal characteristics: loneliness, lack of work; reticence, secrecy, aloofness, non-sociability, emotional lability, impulsivity, weak willful self-control, pessimism, anxiety, social passivity, non-self-sufficiency, need for support from others, timidity, dependence, low self-esteem, willingness to take the blame for themselves, not In individual work, it is necessary to work through current and past traumatic experiences, using an integrative approach (methods of body-oriented, cognitive-behavioral, existential and Gestalt therapy, transactional analysis, techniques of neurolinguistic programming, etc.). After normalization of the somatic and emotional state, group psychotherapy is indicated, for example, in the form of training in communicative competence, self-esteem, stress-resistance, etc., in order to form constructive skills for resolving conflict situations and overcoming difficulties in life.

The Experience of the Crisis Clinic at the Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva.

Suicidal behavior by children and adolescents has been and remains one of the most intractable of our social ills. Despite the general downward trend in suicide rates, children and adolescents remain one of the most at-risk groups. Suicidal behavior in all its manifestations is a biopsychosocial problem in which the superiority of one approach or the other cannot be unambiguously justified. It flows from this that strategies that aim to prevent suicide should weave together not just the medical and psychological aspects of the issue, but the social, legal, pedagogical, and other dimensions as well. To develop an integrated approach that could provide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of suicidal behavior in children, provide the routing of patients, and coordinate actions both between the outpatient link and inpatient specialized care and between different departments, primarily between the Moscow Department of Healthcare and the Department of Education. We analyzed the dynamics of the number of admissions to the Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva of Moscow Health Department (Sukhareva Center) with suicidal manifestations in 2019-2022. Organization of the Crisis Care Clinic (Crisis Clinic), which specializes in helping children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 who find themselves in a situation of psychological crisis, have suicidal tendencies, display self-injurious behavior, experience grief, violence, or have suffered abuse. A comprehensive multi-disciplinary approach is identified as the most efficient way to treat and prevent suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Psychopharmacotherapy is used to influence severe depressive symptomatology, reduce anxiety, moderate sedation, correct behavioral disorders, etc. In addition to medication, comprehensive psychotherapeutic assistance is recommended. The leading therapeutic approaches are cognitive-behavioral, including DBT, and family therapy, with the efforts of therapists concentrated on alleviating post-traumatic stress, depression, and behavioral problems, as well as resolving intrafamily conflicts. The need to remedy severe crisis conditions and their associated psychopathological repercussions (including suicidal and self-harming behavior) calls for coordinated efforts on the part of specialists from different fields of knowledge related to childhood and adolescence. Our analysis of the experience of working with children and adolescents in the Crisis Clinic at the Sukhareva Center shows that there is high demand for such highly specialized institutions and that the basic principles laid down at its creation, urgency, stage, and continuity of care, poly-professionalism with a focus on non-drug treatment methods, orientation towards the patient's family are relevant.