Psychosocial Impact Of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire Scores Research Articles

Translation and Validation of the Albanian Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Kosovo

Abstract Objective Modern orthodontics is shifting from being doctor centric to patient centric, and understanding the impact of malocclusion from patient's perspective is very important. To accomplish this, questionnaires that assess the psychosocial effects of malocclusion must be validated in the original language of the respondents. The purpose of this study is translation, validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) into the Albanian language. Materials and Methods The PIDAQ questionnaire was translated into Albanian, back translated, pretested, cross-culturally adapted, and finally delivered to 130 subjects (38% males) aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 24.3 ± 3.7). A dentist, previously calibrated, evaluated the orthodontic treatment needs of each subject by using the dental health and aesthetics component of the Orthodontic Treatment Need Index (IOTN). In this study, the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and responsiveness were assessed. Results Albanian version of PIDAQ shows satisfactory internal consistency (α ranging from 0.90 to 0.96) with high test–retest reliability (r > 0.98). The discriminant validity revealed that subjects with minor and severe malocclusion according to IOTN categorization had different PIDAQ scores (p < 0.001). Among the domains of PIDAQ, the subscale of dental self-confidence detected differences in psychosocial impact related to orthodontic treatment during the testing of responsiveness (p < 0.001). Conclusion The PIDAQ in Albania showed strong psychometric characteristics. It is suitable for use in the Albanian cultural context.

Body Image and Psychological Impact of Dental Appearance in Adolescents with Malocclusion: A Preliminary Exploratory Study.

Body image and psychosocial functioning represent central challenges during adolescence and early adulthood. Malocclusion, defined as an irregularity in the alignment of the teeth, is known to negatively influence psychological outcomes. The current study aimed to elucidate the role of malocclusion, together with age, gender, and dental class, in body image and psychological functioning. A total of 126 participants aged from 12 to 19 years old (mean: 15.87, SD: 2.35, female participants: 52.4%, male participants: 47.6%) were recruited. Participants were visited at the University Hospital of Messina, Italy, and completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Body Image Concern Inventory (I-BICI), and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Significant correlations were found between age, dental class, the BICI, and the PIDAQ. In particular, age showed a positive and significant correlation with PIDAQ-total score. The correlations between occlusal status and the BICI variables were all significant and positive. All correlations between occlusal status and the PIDAQ variables were all significant and positive, except for dental self-confidence. The correlations between the variables of the PIDAQ and BICI instruments were all significant and positive, except for dental self-confidence, where the directions were significant and negative. Moreover, age, gender, and occlusal status predicted BICI and PIDAQ scores. Age was a positive predictor for PIDAQ self-confidence, gender for BICI and PIDAQ total scores, along with dysmorphic symptoms, social impact, psychological impact, and aesthetic concerns. Several significant gender differences were highlighted by the analyses, with higher scores in the female group on all the BICI variables, except symptom interference, and all the PIDAQ variables, except dental self-confidence. Malocclusion appeared to play a central role in the psychological, representational, and psychosocial life of the participants. This research suggests that malocclusion and dental issues influence the psychological, representational, and psychosocial life of adolescents. Further research is required to examine the psychological impact of dental problems.

What impact do personality traits have on self-perception of dental aesthetics?

BackgroundMalocclusion has significant social, psychological and physical impacts on the quality of life. This study aimed to study psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics among students, and how it was modified by personality traits.MethodsChinese version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale of (EPQ-RSC) and Chinese version of Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) were used to investigate 555 undergraduate students, aged 18 to 24 years. The participants and investigators self-rated their own dental aesthetics using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The malocclusion was assessed by two independent investigators using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of IOTN.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found for gender (p = 0.829) nor for majors (p = 0.598) in the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. Total and subscale PIDAQ scores differed significantly among the 3 IOTN grades. PIDAQ scores strongly correlated with Eysenck personality. The dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism, and dental health component grades had significant impact on participants' psychosocial well-being of dental aesthetics.ConclusionsNeurotic people with high self-concerns perceived greater psychosocial impact. Outgoing people appear to be less affected psychosocially by dental aesthetics.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Condition-Specific Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire for the Malayalam-speaking Population—A Psychometric Scale Validation Study

ObjectivesThe study aimed to develop a regional version of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ-Malayalam) for the Malayalam-speaking Indian population.MethodsThe English version of MIQ was translated into Malayalam through a rigorous translation process, followed by cross-cultural adaptation. Young people aged below 18 years who were just about to start orthodontic treatment were invited to complete the Malayalam version of MIQ along with the available native version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The MIQ-Malayalam was readministered after 14 days to assess test-retest reliability. Treatment need was assessed normatively using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC) and subjectively using Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC).ResultsA total of 210 subjects completed the questionnaires (males = 47.2%; females = 52.8%; age = 12-17 years, mean = 15 years and 3 months; standard deviation = 1.9) and 50 completed repeat questionnaires. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.952; Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.93). Exploratory factor analysis derived 4 factors with exclusion of 1 item. There were significant differences ( P < .05) in MIQ scores between IOTN-DHC subgroups, ensuring discriminant validity. There was a high correlation between total MIQ and total PIDAQ scores (rho = 0.884), while low between total MIQ and IOTN-AC scores (rho = 0.203).ConclusionThe Malayalam version of MIQ was found to be valid and reliable and can serve as a useful condition-specific measure of oral health-related quality of life.

Does Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) reflect the impact of malocclusion on facial aesthetics?

Malocclusion is presumed to have adverse effects on dental and facial attractiveness, leading to deleterious psychosocial impact and Quality of life(QoL) of the individual. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) has proved to be effective for assessment of psychosocial impact of malocclusion on dental aesthetics, but it's effectiveness for assessing facial aesthetics is unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of PIDAQ on its ability to reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on facial attractiveness, using the Facial Aesthetic index (FAI) after its translation and validation in the regional language. The 23-item PIDAQ, after translation process, cross-cultural adaptation and pilot testing, was administered to 330 subjects (62.5 % females and 37.5 % males; age range 18-30 years) with varying degrees of severity of malocclusion, assessed by the two components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (Dental Health Component, IOTN-DHC, for normative need; and self-administered Aesthetic Component, IOTN-AC, for subjective need) and FAI. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.859 - 0.958; Intraclass correlation coefficient =0.984). FAI, IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC scores showed highly significant correlation with PIDAQ scores, depicting strong convergent validity (p< 0.001). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test showed highly significant correlations (p-value < 0.001) for all comparisons. There were no significant differences between responses of males and females. The regional version of PIDAQ had excellent reliability. PIDAQ showed good psychometric properties and was able to effectively reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on altered facial aesthetics.

Assessment of the psychological impact of dental aesthetics among undergraduate university students in Iraq.

This study aimed to assess Iraqi university students' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to sociodemographic variables and compare dental and non-dental students. A cross-sectional study was carried out for students in multiple Iraqi universities from June 15, 2022, to July 15, 2022. A total of 771 individuals participated in the study using an online questionnaire. A pre-tested and validated Arabic version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was adopted as an evaluation tool. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach's alpha. Cronbach's alpha score for the overall scales was 0.942, indicating excellent internal consistency. There were 69.8% (n = 538) dental students in the total sample. A significant difference was found between dental and non-dental students in the total PIDAQ scores and other subscale domains (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences in means were also noted in the residency (P = 0.005) and household income of students (P = 0.000). This study shows the reliability of the PIDAQ scale for assessing the psychological impact of dental aesthetics on undergraduate Iraqis. It was found that the perception of OHRQoL varies between dental and non-dental university students, and according to socioeconomic status and residency.

Psychosocial Influence of Malocclusion Among Nepalese Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION Traditionally, orthodontic treatment focuses on normative criteria, though psychosocial dimension has equal importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion among patient seeking orthodontic treatment using psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, UCMS during the period of July 2021 to Dec 2021. The study was approved by Institutional Review Committee of UCMS (IRC/081/21). Sixty patients seeking orthodontic treatment of age group 18-30 years answered questions concerning self perceived psychosocial impacts of malocclusion using Nepali version of PIDAQ, desire of orthodontic treatment based on scale ranging from 0 to 4. Clinical examination was performed to assess the severity of malocclusion based on the basis of Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC). RESULTS Results showed no significant differences in total PIDAQ scores and its subscale (p&gt;0.05) among genders. There was signifi- cant difference in total PIDAQ scores and its subscale (p&lt;0.05) among patients with different desire of orthodontic treatment. Patient with very strong desire have the highest scores of total PIDAQ (42.27±11.40).Significant difference in total PIDAQ score and its subscale (p&lt;0.05) was seen among patients with difference grades of IOTN-DHC. CONCLUSION Equal self-perceived impacts of malocclusion were seen in both male and female. There was greater desire of Orthodontic treatment in patients with increased self-perceived psychosocial impact of malocclusion. Significant increase in PIDAQ score was also seen with increasing severity of malocclusion.

The Correlation between Orthodontic Treatment Need and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment

Background: The influence of orthodontic treatment on self-confidence and quality of life is a major reason for patients to seek treatment. This study was designed to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 165 patients referred to orthodontic clinics in Kerman to start treatment. Patients were selected by census method to reach the specified sample size. The data collection tools included 3 forms: demographic information form, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a form for recording information obtained from clinical examination to determine orthodontic treatment need based on Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and using t test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The educational level of subjects and their parents and economic status showed no significant relationship with total PIDAQ score and any of its domains (P&gt;0.05). In psychological impact domain, women’s score was significantly higher (P=0.016) and there was a significant relationship between the treatment need based on aesthetic component (AC) and the domains of dental self-confidence (P=0.003), social impact (P=0.049) and psychological impact (P=0.066), as well as the total score of questionnaire (P=0.012). Treatment need based on dental health component had no statistically significant relationship with PIDAQ score (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: AC of IOTN had significant relationship with dental self-confidence, social impact and psychological impact as well as the total score of PIDAQ. In orthodontic treatments, in addition to malocclusion, the psychological aspects should also be considered.

Minimal Important Difference of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire Following Orthodontic Treatment: A Cohort Study.

(1) This study aimed to do a longitudinal validation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) and determine its minimal important difference (MID) following orthodontic treatment; (2) 42 adolescents (11 to 18 years old) were recruited for treatment with fixed appliances and the participants answered the Malaysian PIDAQ prior to treatment (T0), mid-treatment (T1), and post-treatment (T2), plus a global health transition scale at T1 and T2. Data analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests. Test–retest was administered 2 to 6 weeks from T0; (3) The final sample comprised 37 subjects (response rate = 88.1%). The 95% limits of agreement were −10.3 to 8.5 points. In the anchor-based approach, those who experienced the smallest changes by reporting their dental aesthetics as “a little improved” had an insignificant PIDAQ score change of −5.3 at T1. At T2, the PIDAQ scores of those in this category were reduced significantly (mean change = −26.2; effect size (ES) = 1.0; p = 0.34). In the distribution-based approach, standardized PIDAQ scores were significantly reduced, with medium (0.7) to large (1.5) ES at T1 and T2, respectively; (4) The PIDAQ can detect orthodontic-related changes in patients’ psychosocial well-being. The post-treatment MID is 26 scale points with large ES.

Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire for Yemeni Adolescents.

(1) Objectives: This paper aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) into an Arabic language version (PIDAQ(A)) for measuring the oral health related quality of life related to dental aesthetics among 12–17-year-old Yemeni adolescents. (2) Material and methods: The study comprised three parts, which were linguistic validation and qualitative interview, comprehensibility assessment, and psychometric validations. Psychometric properties were examined for validity (exploratory factor analysis (EFA), partial confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA), construct, criterion, and discriminant validity) and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility). (3) Results: The PIDAQ(A) contained a new item. EFA extracted three factors (item factor loading 0.375 to 0.918) comprising dental self-confidence, aesthetic concern, and psychosocial impact subscales. PCFA showed good fit statistics (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.928, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.071). In addition, invariance across age groups was tested. Cronbach’s α values ranged from 0.90 to 0.93 (intraclass correlations = 0.89–0.96). A criterion validity test showed that the PIDAQ(A) had a significant association with oral impacts on daily performance scores. A construct validity test showed significant associations between PIDAQ(A) subscales and self-perceived dental appearance and self-perceived need for orthodontic braces (p < 0.05). Discriminant validity presented significant differences in the mean PIDAQ(A) scores between subjects having severe malocclusion and those with slight malocclusion. No floor or ceiling effects were detected.

Patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life 10\xa0years after implant placement

BackgroundImplant survival and implant success (freedom of biologic complications) are important factors in assessing the success of implant therapy. However, these factors are not the only determinants. Patients’ satisfaction also plays a very important role in daily practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patients’ satisfaction regarding function (phonetics, chewing comfort, stability, cleanability) and aesthetics in patients treated with XiVE and Frialite implants in a private periodontal practice ten years after implant placement. Furthermore, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated.MethodsPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) regarding overall satisfaction, phonetics, chewing comfort, stability, cleanability, and aesthetics were examined on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 10 years ± 6 months after implant placement in a cross-sectional survey. OHRQoL and psychological impact were assessed via the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Potential influence of patient-related factors (age, gender, smoking, peri-implantitis, implant position, type of restoration) on VAS, OHRQoL and PIDAQ were investigated using regression analyses.ResultsHigh satisfaction with implant-supported restorations was seen in all 95 patients ten years after implant placement. Mean VAS-score for general satisfaction with implant-supported restoration was 93.0% (SD ± 9.4, median: 96.3%, range 50.0–100%). Mean OHIP score was 11.3 (SD ± 10.8, median: 9.0, range 0–45), mean PIDAQ score 20.5 (SD ± 11.37, median: 17.0, range 0–52). A slight tendency that presence of a moderate/severe peri-implantitis lowers satisfaction could be detected (overall satisfaction: ordinal, p = 0.012, VAS, p = 0.026). Also, the factors age, implant position and type of restoration might have an impact on patient’s satisfaction.ConclusionsPatients restored with mostly fixed implant-supported restorations showed a very high patient satisfaction regarding function and aesthetics 10-year after implant placement. The presence of a moderate/severe peri-implantitis showed a slight tendency for influencing patient satisfaction. Due to the cross-sectional design results have to be interpreted with care.

Analytical study of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and maxillofacial deformity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Patients whose with facial appearance involves dental anomalies and malocclusion face an increased prevalence of various psychosocial problems such as a high level of social anxiety, social avoidance, and low quality of life. This study investigates the patients with craniofacial anomalies and their psychological adjustment concerning the facial and dental appearance. It also evaluates the expectations of this patient group from the orthodontic treatment. Two steps were done in this study. In the first step, translation and validation of the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS59), The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and Patient Expectation from the Orthodontic Treatment (PEOTQ) questionnaires into Maithili were done, and then the main study was conducted using these valid questionnaires. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on the patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies visiting the orthodontics department of Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna (Bihar). All the patients received the Maithili DAS, Maithili PIDAQ and Patients' Expectation from the orthodontic treatment questionnaires. The Maithili version of DAS59, PIDAQ and PEOTQ were developed with outstanding reliability and validity. A significant difference between PIDAQ (p<0.001) and DAS59 scores (p<0.001) was found. In females, the total PIDAQ score was significantly higher as compared to males, but there was no association of DAS scores with gender. Place of residence showed no association with PIDAQ and DAS59 scores in patients. Patients and controls had significant differences between various items, and a comparison was made in terms of expectation from the orthodontic treatment. Altered facial and dental appearance in patients with craniofacial anomalies showed a significant psychological impact.

Effect of fixed mechanotherapy on psychosocial impact of malocclusion using PIDAQ in the Indian population – A follow up study

BackgroundThe presence of malocclusion in an individual not only distresses the oral form and function but also has a significant impact on the psychological and social well-being of an individual. Adoption of a patient centered approach during the correction of malocclusion serves to benefit both the individual and the orthodontic fraternity, as it aims to improve the function, aesthetics and subsequently, the overall quality of life. Materials and methodsIn this study, the psychosocial impact of malocclusion was evaluated on 93 patients using the IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs) and the PIDAQ (Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire) indices. The questionnaires were paired accordingly and statistically analysed. Association of the age and gender with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion was also assessed. ResultsMean total and the individual component scores of the PIDAQ were assessed pre and post treatment and a significant reduction in the scores was observed. The IOTN-AC (IOTN – Aesthetic Component) scores also improved drastically with treatment. However, no statistically significant association of age, education level or socioeconomic class with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion was observed. ConclusionThe significant improvement in the mean PIDAQ and IOTN-AC scores obtained after completion of fixed orthodontic treatment, indicate the high initial psychosocial impact of malocclusion which significantly reduced with treatment, accenting the role of orthodontics in improving the overall psychological and social well-being of an individual.

Modelling risk factors for high/low Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) in the Australian adults.

Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is an instrument to assess the subjective perception needed for orthodontic treatment (OT). The study aimed to (1) evaluate the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and the potential role of OT and (2) determine associations between PIDAQ with self-rated general and oral health, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), and receipt of OT among Australian adults. Data were obtained from the 2013 Australian National Dental Telephone Interview Survey (NDTIS). The PIDAQ was utilized as main outcome, comprising items from four conceptual domains: self-confidence, social impact, psychological impact, and aesthetic concern. Participants reported their socio-demographic, behavioural, self-rated general and oral health as well as the poor OHRQOL using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) instrument and OT. The mean of PIDAQ and four subscales score and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Generalized liner regression was used to estimate association between PIDAQ and covariates by calculating the mean ratio (MR) and their 95% CI. There were 2936 Australian adults who completed the PIDAQ items. The mean PIDAQ score was 28.8 (95% CI: 28.0-29.6). Higher PIDAQ scores were identified among those who reported non-Australian birth, lower incomes, infrequent dental visits, less than 21 teeth and brushing teeth less than twice a day, fair/poor self-rated general and oral health, and poor OHRQOL. In multivariable modelling, the mean PIDAQ score was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.82-2.00) times higher among those with OIDP score >3 and 1.06 (95% CI:1.01-1.10) times higher in those who had OT, comparing with their counterparts. Also, higher PIDAQ scores were identified among females, last visiting a dentist more than 2 years ago, fair or poor self-rated oral and general health. Higher PIDAQ scores that have a greater impact on OHRQOL were associated with poorer self-rated general and oral health. This may be explained by unfavourable dental attendance and oral health habits. The positive correlation with OIDP scores verifies the validity of the PIDAQ. Those who had received OT had lower PIDAQ and OIDP scores.

Psycho-social impact of malocclusion in adolescents in Kosovo.

To assess the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, establish its association with the severity of malocclusion and determine the effects of gender and age in such association. Cross-sectional study. 400 adolescents aged between 12-15 years were randomly selected. Each participant was examined for malocclusion and categorized according to Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was used to assess the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. Significant differences were noted between PIDAQ subscales, and grades of malocclusion assessed by IOTN and DAI (p⟨0.05). Gender differences were noted in Dental Self Confidence (DSC), Social Impact (SI) and Psychological Impact (PI) for the same severity of malocclusion (p⟨0.05). IOTN-DHC predicted the total and subscales of PIDAQ scores. Gender and age were the independent predictive variables of the relationship between the PIDAQ scores and the IOTN-DHC grades for the DSC and AC subscales. Gender independently predicted psychological impact. Severity of malocclusion, gender and age were related to impacts on the psychosocial wellbeing of participants. Overall, females and older participants experienced worse psychosocial impact.

Translation and validation of the Swedish version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for adolescents

Objective The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is an instrument developed for assessment of orthodontic aspects of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to translate and validate the Swedish version of PIDAQ for use in Swedish adolescents 12–19 years of age. Material and methods The translation was made according to the process described in ‘Guidelines for Establishing Cultural Equivalency of Instruments’ by Ohrbach et al. Field testing was performed in a group of consecutive patients who were about to start orthodontic treatment (untreated group) and a group of consecutive patients who had recently finished orthodontic treatment (treated group). Results During the translation procedure, a Swedish version of PIDAQ was formed. In the field testing, a total of 144 questionnaires, 72 from untreated patients (mean age 14.6 years) and 72 from treated patients (mean age 17.3 years) were collected. The exploratory factor analysis detected two factors, which differs from the factor structure in the original questionnaire. The mean total PIDAQ score was significantly higher (p < .001) in the untreated group, 40.6 (20.3), than in the treated group, 9.4 (10.5), implying a high discriminant validity. Reliability was excellent, with internal consistency Cronbach’s alpha values varying from 0.94 to 0.97. Conclusion The Swedish version of PIDAQ demonstrates good validity and excellent reliability and is suitable for future research on the effect of malocclusion on OHRQoL in Swedish 12- to 19-year-olds.

Factors related to the psychological impact of malocclusion in adolescents

To study the association between orthodontic treatment need and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in a sample of adolescents, as well as other associated factors. A transversal study was conducted on 1,158 adolescents (12–16 years old) examined at the schools selected for the 2018 epidemiological study on oral health in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). The need for orthodontic treatment was determined by DAI and IOTN. The psychosocial impact was established by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Other variables considered were sex, social class, DMFT index and Body-Mass Index, and having previously worn or presently wearing an orthodontic device. A lineal regression statistical technique was applied to study the significant associations with the scoring obtained in PIDAQ. The PIDAQ scores revealed a significant and positive lineal relationship with regard to need for orthodontic treatment: DAI (ẞ = 0.20) and IOTN-DHC (ẞ = 4.87), in women (ẞ = 2.66) and a negative one for having previously worn an orthodontic device (ẞ = − 5.74). The rest of the variables had no statistical significance (p > 0.05). The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in adolescents is associated with the presence of malocclusion and the female sex, while the condition of having previously worn an orthodontic device reduces the psychosocial impact.

Correlation between social psychology and personality characteristics and treatment options for adult patients with skeletal malocclusion

This study aims to explore factors affecting the dental aesthetic social psychology of patients with skeletal malocclusion and to measure the relationship between the objective orthodontic requirements and the subjective treatment requirements of patients. This work provides a reference for doctors to measure patients' orthodontic treatment needs. Adult patients with skeletal malocclusion were chosen as the research object. Questionnaire survey was used to analyze factors influencing the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ), index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN), and Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised short scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC). The relationship among PIDAQ, IOTN, EPQ-RSC, and treatment options was also evaluated. Seventy-two valid questionnaires were collected from adult patients with skeletal malocclusion. 1) The PIDAQ scores significantly differed among different occupations (P<0.05) but were not affected by other general conditions such as gender and age. 2) Patients of different dental health component (DHC) grade and ages had different AC self-assessment scores (P<0.01, P<0.05). The AC self-assessment score was positively correlated with the PIDAQ score (P< 0.05). 3) Males accounted for a higher proportion of patients who received treatment. Younger patients (18-28 years old) were more likely to receive treat-ment when their own dental aesthetics were poor. People with the higher monthly expenditure accounted for the larger proportion of surgical patients. 4) The PIDAQ score had no significant effects on the choice of opera-tion (P>0.05). People with low educational level were more likely to receive surgery if their psychosocial impacts of dental aes-thetics were serious. 5) The score of psychoticism scale of EPQ-RSC and the educa-tional level had a mutual influence on the PIDAQ score (P<0.01). Moreover, the neuroticism scale and AC self-assessment scores had a mutual influence on the PIDAQ score (P<0.05). However, this study did not find a correlation between personality traits and treatment options. Many factors, such as personal natural conditions, subjective aesthetic evaluation of teeth, and psychosocial impacts of dental aesthetics, affect patients' treatment options. Personality characteristics can play a certain role in dental aesthetics social psychology.

Validity and reliability of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Kosovar adolescents.

To test the validity and reliability of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ)-Albanian version in Kosovar adolescents and assess gender-based differences of malocclusion on PIDAQ subscales. A sample of 200 adolescents aged 12-15 years were evaluated for orthodontic treatment need by a previous calibrated dental examiner, using the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Aesthetic Concern (IOTN-AC) and the dental aesthetic index (DAI). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity and gender-based impact of malocclusion on psychosocial impact was assessed. The Albanian version of the PIDAQ shows satisfactory internal consistency (α ranging from 0.73 to 0.90) with high test-retest reliability (r > 0.83). The discriminant validity revealed that subjects with minor and severe malocclusion according to dichotomous DAI categorization had different PIDAQ scores. No significant gender-based differences were noted on the impact of malocclusion on psychological and social aspect or Dental Self-confidence (DSC); however, significant gender-based difference was noted on the impact of malocclusion on AC. The Albanian version of the PIDAQ demonstrated good psychometric properties and applicability to this age group in Kosova.

Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ).

OBJECTIVES:To develop and test the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ).MATERIALS AND METHODS:The original English version was translated into Arabic, back-translated, pre-tested, and cross-culturally adapted before being administered to 205 individuals aged between 18–30 years from Medina, Saudi Arabia. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test–retest reliability. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis, and convergent validity was tested by comparing PIDAQ scores to the aesthetic components of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC), while discriminant validity was assessed by comparing PIDAQ scores to participants' self-evaluation of orthodontic treatment need. Gender and age differences in the PIDAQ score were assessed.RESULTS:Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.940, corrected item-total correlation coefficients were between 0.509 and 0.719, and the ICC was 0.937. Principal component factor analysis extracted three domains, and factor loading ranged from 0.563 to 0.843. Total PIDAQ score and subscale scores had significant correlations with the DAI and IOTN-AC. The questionnaire discriminated well between participants who had a perceived need for orthodontic treatment and those with no perceived need. There were no significant age or gender differences in participants' PIDAQ scores.CONCLUSIONS:The Arabic version of the PIDAQ had excellent psychometric properties with sufficient reliability and validity to be used for the assessment of the orthodontic-related quality of life in young Arab adults.