Psychosocial Development Research Articles

Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and treatment initiation in African American, pediatric patients with vitiligo: A retrospective, single-center, case-control study

BackgroundVitiligo may impact psychosocial development, especially among African American pediatric patients, given heightened visibility and increasing rates of anxiety and depression in this subpopulation. ObjectiveEvaluate psychiatric comorbidities and treatment initiation in African American pediatric patients. Methods327 African American pediatric patients with vitiligo were each matched to three patients without vitiligo by age, race, and sex in this case-control study. Prevalence of psychiatric conditions and subsequent initiation of pharmaco- and/or psycho-therapy were analyzed. ResultsCompared to controls, pediatric African American patients with vitiligo were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with depression (p<0.001) disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) (p<0.001), eating disorders (EDs) (p=0.013), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (p<0.001), substance abuse (SA) (p=0.011), and suicidal ideation (SI) (p=0.005). Patients with depression, DBDs, and EDs had higher initiation rates (76.5%, 82.1%, and 100%, respectively) for psychiatric treatment compared to those with GAD and SA (55.3% and 61.5%). Nearly 15% of patients did not initiate treatment for SI. LimitationsThis retrospective study has a limited sample size in a single institution and does not explore psychiatric treatment efficacy. ConclusionsBetter understanding of associated psychological comorbidities and impacts on African American children of vitiligo may improve quality of life and dermatologic outcomes for these individuals.

Intergenerational Storytelling and Positive Psychosocial Development: Stories as Developmental Resources for Marginalized Groups

Academic We articulate an intergenerational model of positive psychosocial development that centers storytelling in an ecological framework and is motivated by an orientation toward social justice. We bring together diverse literature (e.g., racial-ethnic socialization, family storytelling, narrative psychology) to argue that the intergenerational transmission of stories about one’s group is equally important for elders and youth, and especially important for groups who are marginalized, because stories provide a developmental resource for resistance and resilience in the face of injustice. We describe how storytelling activities can support positive psychosocial development in culturally dynamic contexts and illustrate our model with a case study involving LGBTQ+ communities, arguing that intergenerational storytelling is uniquely important for this group given issues of access to stories. We argue that harnessing the power of intergenerational storytelling could provide a culturally safe and sustaining practice for fostering psychosocial development among LGBTQ+ people and other equity-seeking populations. Public Understanding one’s identity as part of a group with shared history and culture that has existed through time is important for positive psychological functioning. This is especially true for marginalized communities for whom identity-relevant knowledge is often erased, silenced, or distorted in mainstream public discourses (e.g., school curricula, news media, television, and film). To compensate for these limitations around access, one channel for the transmission of this knowledge is through oral storytelling between generations of elders and youth. Contemporary psychological science has often assumed that such storytelling occurs within families, but when families cannot or would not share such knowledge, youth suffer. We present a model of intergenerational storytelling that expands our ideas around who counts as “family” and how knowledge can be transmitted through alternative channels, using LGBTQ+ communities as a case example.

Sosialisasi Sadari Pada Remaja Putri di Desa Pulo Peding Kecamatan Babussalam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

Adolescence is a transition period from children to adults. Adolescence lasts from the age of 15-20 years. Developmental changes that occur during adolescence include physical, psychological and psychosocial development (Gainau, 2021). Adolescent girls experience secondary sexual signs in the form of widening of the hips, breast growth, hair growth around the genitals and armpits, as well as growth of the uterus and vagina (Sarwono, 2016). Breast self-examination or what is known as BSE, is a form of early detection prevention effort whose implementation procedure can be carried out by each individual woman more easily in order to find symptoms or signs related to breast cancer, for example; lump in the breast (Sari P, Sayuti S, Ridwan M, Rekiaddin LO, 2020). This community service activity takes the form of outreach about breast self-examination (BSE) to young women in Pulo Peding village, Babussalam District, Southeast Aceh Regency. This activity was attended by 30 participants with the aim of increasing teenagers' knowledge about BSE. The results of this activity were an increase in teenagers' knowledge before and after being given socialization, namely from an average knowledge score of 50 to 80. It is hoped that this activity can be useful for young women and doing BSE regularly to detect breast cancer early.

Update on antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis in children.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is often organ- or life-threatening in children and impacts them during important periods of psychosocial and physical development. This review covers recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAV in children and highlights the ongoing need for funding and increased research collaboration. Recent work has improved our understanding of AAV disease pathogenesis, potentially identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Collaborative clinical studies have also highlighted the variable manifestations in children and identified potential factors associated with poorer outcomes. Consensus-based treatment guidelines are also appearing, but clinical trials are still essential to better understanding treatment efficacy and safety in children affected by AAV. New, validated outcome measures, including those that are patient-reported, will facilitate these much-needed clinical trials in pediatric AAV. There is a continued need for more rigorous study in pediatric AAV, however, there is certainly excitement with the increase in recent research relevant to the pediatric population.

Growing Up With Temporarily Absent Parents: The Case of Southeast Asian Young Adults

This research aimed to gain insights into the growing-up experience of Southeast Asian young adults with temporarily absent parents, a phenomenon prevalent due to economic migration and employment opportunities abroad. Utilizing a case study approach and employing thematic analysis, the study is framed by five pivotal theoretical lenses on Attachment Theory; Psychosocial Development Theory (Erikson, 1950) ;Cognitive Stress Theory (Lazarus &amp; Folkman, 1984); Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) that explores the interaction between cultural norms and family dynamics; and Self- Determination Theory (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2009). The study reveals key themes as Understanding Growing Up with Temporarily Absent-Parents, Understanding Independence, Shared Identity (Pakikipagkapwa), Relational Dynamics, Personal Responsibility, Self-Managing Emotions, Self-Management, and Support Networks. These themes collectively paint a comprehensive picture of the journey towards self- reliance, emotional resilience, and the vital role of support systems. The findings enrich developmental psychology and family studies, offering significant insights for the development of supportive policies and programs for families with temporarily absent parents in this culturally rich region.

Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Yetişkinlerde Psikolojik Esneklik ve Alkol Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişkide Aracı Rolü

Childhood trauma (CST) is a type of trauma that is often inflicted on children by people they know, has long-term effects, and is difficult to identify and treat. According to the World Health Organization, CST is any intentional or unintentional behavior by adults that negatively affects the health, physical and psychosocial development of children. The impact of VAC transcends cultural, social and economic boundaries and is a widespread problem. The effects of VAC on children's physical and mental development can lead to various psychosocial problems in childhood and adulthood. For this reason, it is of great importance to prevent child maltreatment, to address it with a multidisciplinary approach when it occurs, and to follow it up for a long period of time. This review aims to examine all aspects of CSA in the light of the studies conducted and to provide guidance to professionals working in the field of mental health and other disciplines. It also focuses on the mediating role of MTT in the relationship between psychological resilience and alcohol use in adults. In this context, the effects of MTT on psychological resilience and its relationship with alcohol use in adults are discussed in detail, and the potential links and interactions between these two factors are examined. Keywords: Childhood Traumas, Psychological Resilience, Alcohol Use

Promiscuity as a Way of Avoiding Understanding/ Solving Existential Issues

This article examines the historical significance of the concept of promiscuity and the importance of its influence on the life of modern man. It is shown that the institution of family and marriage, monogamous relationships does not have an “impeccable” historical reputation, which can be contrasted with the modern “decline” of morals, that the ongoing changes in the system of sexual and marital relations, the growth of tolerance to sexual culture is one of the stages of evolution that lasts the entire history of mankind. An analysis of the causes of this phenomenon at different stages of psychosocial development according to E. Erikson was carried out from the point of view of the existential approach. The relationship with the stages of development of relationships, normative and non-normative crises of relations, classifications of the causes of betrayal has been revealed. The article shows that changing sexual partners at different stages of relationships and at different ages can both contribute to understanding and solving existential issues, and serve to avoid their awareness. An algorithm for therapeutic analysis of client cases with promiscuous behavior is proposed.

Conceptual and Theoretical Review of Self-Worth

This study examined the significance of self-worth as a crucial factor in human mental health and psychosocial development. The study explores self-worth interventions, mental disorders, and available resources. A comprehensive analysis of the conceptual and theoretical aspects of self-worth is undertaken. To begin with, the study offers conceptual justifications drawn from the self-worth literature, elucidating theoretical perspectives on the formation of self-worth in individuals. It elaborates on related concepts and their interconnections with self-worth. Furthermore, the examination extends to the influence of culture on self-worth development and emotions. Theoretical discussions on self-worth are approached through Psychoanalytic theory, Psychosocial development theory, Transactional analysis theory, and Attachment theory. The research scrutinizes the association between various mental disorders and self-worth, investigating how a lack of self-worth may exacerbate or precipitate certain psychopathologies. Previous interventions aimed at enhancing self-worth are outlined, accompanied by an exploration of methods for measuring self-worth. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of self-worth in individuals' mental health, considering the implications of concepts like unconditional self-worth and contingencies of self-worth. Recommendations are provided for individuals, parents, and mental health professionals based on the findings.

The Effect of Providing Creative Dance Education on Early Childhood Self-Confidence at TK/Mother's Daycare Center

This qualitative study investigates how teaching creative dance impacts children's self-confidence at Ibunda Kindergarten. The phenomenological method was used in this study to understand children's perceptions and experiences during the creative dance program. Participatory observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis were the methods used to collect data. The study involved 15 early childhood children from Ibunda Kindergarten. The results showed that teaching children creative dance increased their own self-confidence. Creation dance teaches social skills, working together in a group, and self-expression. They also showed increased initiative and independence. The findings confirm that arts education is an important component of the early childhood education curriculum as it can help with psychosocial development.

The Child-Parent Relationship in Anna Quinn’s The Night Child: An Eriksonian Approach

This article utilizes Eric Erikson’s psychosocial theory, specifically his eight stages of mental and emotional development, to tackle the parent-child relationship in Anna Quinn's The Night Child (2018). Accordingly, this article explores Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development and the various crises that Nora, the protagonist in the novel, endures. During each stage, the character either has a positive outcome that will lead to a healthy personality or a negative outcome that will make the character acquire unhealthy personality traits. Nora must go through each stage before moving on to the next stages whether she has a positive or negative outcome. The life-span developmental issues are the most significant problems in the character’s life because these issues will determine how she will live her life, and how successful her relationship with others will be. Through such an analysis of Nora’s psychosocial development and interpersonal interactions, it becomes evident that her relationship with her parents is the most consequential one in her life.

Sosialisasi Penguatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Terhadap Dampak Negatif Pernikahan Dini Dalam Perspektif Agama Hindu

Early marriage is a social phenomenon that is still prevalent in many parts of the world, including Indonesia, with significant negative impacts on the health, education, and psychosocial well-being of individuals and communities. From a Hindu perspective, early marriage is not considered ideal as it contradicts the teachings on the importance of studying at a young age (brahmancari) before entering the household stage (grhasta). The practice of early marriage is often influenced by tradition, social pressure, and economic conditions, and has adverse effects on physical and mental health, as well as inhibiting the moral and psychosocial development of adolescents. This research uses communication methods through socialization and interactive discussions in Oman Nyambu Hamlet to raise community awareness about the dangers of early marriage. The results showed that socialization and legal and religious counseling are essential to increase community knowledge about the negative impacts of early marriage. These activities involve education and interactive discussions that help the community, especially teenagers and parents, understand the importance of delaying marriage until they reach emotional and mental maturity. Efforts to strengthen this awareness are expected to reduce the number of early marriages and improve the quality of life of the community. Thus, strengthening public awareness of the negative impact of early marriage in the Hindu perspective must continue to be promoted through various education and counseling programs. Only with high awareness and a good understanding of the importance of the brahmancari period, people can prepare themselves properly for life.

A Review of Developmental Scales in Pediatric Practice: Recent Guidelines.

Imitation, fine motor abilities, eye-to-hand coordination, perception, gross motor abilities, mental abilities, and verbal cognitive abilities are assessed on the developmental scale. The behavioral scale also assesses social interaction, emotional expression, activity, curiosity, sensory reactivity, and language. The current developmental scales in pediatrics are discussed in this paper. These scales have evolved. International scales for Indian children are difficult to administer due to cultural differences in self-care and gender roles. If parental awareness and demand are raised, postnatal growth interventions for psychosocial development will benefit infants in developing nations. Routine screening involves identifying an appropriate opportunity, acquisition, tool selection, administration, interpreting data, scoring, counseling, and training.

Predicting Smartphone Addiction Trajectories in Korean Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Based on a National Survey from 2018 to 2020.

This longitudinal study aimed to identify the role of psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction (SA) among Korean adolescents and predict the trajectory of SA based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable was SA score as measured by the Korean Smartphone Addiction Propensity Scale (SAPS), and the independent variables were psychosocial factors (attention, grit, life satisfaction, self-esteem, aggression, depression, social withdrawal and physical symptom). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis (adjusted for covariates) results indicated that attention (B = -0.346, P < .001), grit (B = -0.402, P < .001), life satisfaction (B = -0.150, P < .001), and self-esteem (B = -0.099, P < .001) were protective factors for reducing SA score. Conversely, aggression (B = 0.222, P < .001) and depression (B = 0.067, P = .005) were predicted to be risk factors for increasing SA score. A better understanding of the relationship between behavioral addiction and psychosocial development factors in adolescence will assist in the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

General Support at School – a Prerequisite for Inclusion of First Graders in Multicultural Classroom

General support for first graders to integrate into the school learning environment is a natural process, determined on one hand by the crisis in the psychosocial development of 7 – 8-year-old children in the transition from play to learning activities, and on the other hand by the new type of responsibilities and lifestyle in the school community. Collaborative support is an important factor in helping young learners overcome communication and learning challenges, especially in a multicultural classroom. Recognition and analysis of these challenges, the possibilities for overcoming them, is the main objective of this study. The data from the inquiry cards for pedagogical who studied the multicultural class they worked with outline the parameters of the socio-pedagogical atmosphere in the class. The applied projective methodologies, a survey and a questionnaire for first graders, clarify their social attitudes towards school and their attitude towards family. The data refer the need to track and individualize formal and informal relationships within the multicultural educational space.

Sex Hormone Treatment for Female Children and Young Adults with Disorders Affecting Hypothalamic, Pituitary, and Ovarian Function.

Normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) endocrine function is essential for female pubertal and psychosocial development and for ongoing adult physical, sexual, and psychosocial health. Girls with hypogonadism, any endocrine disorder causing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) or with contraception needs may require sex hormone treatment. Challenges include evolving needs of a young girl through the course of sexual maturation, potential health risks related to the use of sex hormones for pubertal induction, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), menstrual management, and/or contraception. To ensure optimal sex hormone treatment, both a comprehensive understanding of the underlying disorder affecting HPO endocrine function and a professional communication with the patient and physicians involved are warranted. In this narrative mini-review, we discuss pubertal induction and HRT for girls with hypogonadism and the management of AUB and contraception for young women up to age 30 years. Additionally, we provide advice on management of AUB and contraception in young women with common conditions including polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and others. A PubMed-literature search including articles published over the last 20 years, together with clinical experience of the authors was integrated to provide treatment recommendations. Sex hormone treatment, where needed, requires comprehensive understanding of a range of available options. When tailored to individual needs, with flexibility to accommodate changing circumstance in young women it is safe, well tolerated and provides both physical and psychosocial health.

Haematological parameters of iron deficiency anaemia among infants and their correlation with the psychosocial developments

Background and objectives: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies in the world. Our goal was to investigate how Iron deficiency anaemia affects the haematological parameters and the psychosocial development of affected infants. Methods: A follow–up study was conducted from January, 2022 to September, 2022 at Heevi Paediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok. A total of 58 children with Iron deficiency anaemia were involved in this study. Also, 58 children with normal iron status were recruited and served as control. The Ages &amp; Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition were used to evaluate the five areas of developmental progress of enrolled infants including gross motor skills, fine motor skills, adaptability, language skills, and social skills. Results: Study has found that Serum iron for patients with iron deficiency anaemia was (g/dL) 20.82± 1.1 vs 77.8 ± 5 for control. Generally, patients scored lower blood count compared to control.Hence,All haematological parameters including haemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin returned to normal after 2month treatment. Both groups scores in the communication and gross motor domains were not statistically significant communication: 40±0.6 for patients vs. 42± 0.5 for controls, and gross motor: 48± 1.7 for patients vs. 50± 1.5 for controls. Whereas, fine motor, problem solving, and social behaviour are other categories that were shown to have statistically significant low scores (p-value ? 0.05): fine motor for patients was 36±1.2 vs. 48±1.5 for controls, problem solving was 33±1.1 vs. 45±2.0 and social behaviour was 31.5% vs. 47.5% for the control group. Conclusion: These findings show that children with Iron deficiency anaemia have negative impact on fine motor, problem solving, Social-behaviour.

Multidisciplinary Care for Moebius Syndrome and Related Disorders: Building a Management Protocol.

Moebius syndrome is a collection of orofacial anomalies with highly variable features affecting many different systems but characterised by bilateral facial palsy and absent eye abduction. We largely regard Moebius syndrome as a diagnosis of exclusion. Lack of awareness and knowledge means that children often fall between services, leading to treatment delays and difficulty interfacing with social care and schools, with long-term impact on physical health and psychosocial development. We developed a multidisciplinary team comprising core clinicians (lead physician, geneticist, speech and language therapist, psychologist and specialist nurse) and an expanded group to encompass the other affected systems. The interactions between our specialties lead to the development of a treatment protocol, which we present. The protocol harnesses the aspects of care of children with a range of other rare diseases at a specialised paediatric centre and synthesises them into a holistic approach for MBS and related conditions. Management is sequenced on an "ABC-style" basis, with airway, feeding, vision and speech taking priority in the early years. We define management priorities as airway stabilisation with swallow assessment, ocular surface protection and maintenance of nutritional support. Management principles for issues such as speech, reflux, drooling and sleep issues are outlined. In later years, psychological support has a prominent role geared towards monitoring and interventions for low mood, self-esteem and bullying.

Reduction cranioplasty for hydrocephalic macrocephaly: a systematic review of surgical outcomes.

Hydrocephalic macrocephaly can result in poor psychosocial development, positioning difficulties, skin breakdown, and poor cosmesis. Although reduction cranioplasty can address these sequelae, the postoperative outcomes, complications, and mortality risk of reduction cranioplasty are not well understood given the rarity of hydrocephalic macrocephaly. Therefore, the primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of reduction cranioplasty for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly. A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases while following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened 350 studies; 27 studies reporting surgical outcomes on reduction cranioplasty for hydrocephalic macrocephaly met inclusion criteria. Data on study design, patient demographics, operative details, and surgical outcomes were collected. There were 65 reduction cranioplasties among the 27 included studies. Eighteen (66.7%) studies presented level V evidence, 7 (25.9%) presented level IV evidence, and 2 (7.4%) presented level III evidence. Following reduction cranioplasty, there was improvement in postoperative head positioning in 23 (85.2%) studies, improvement in postoperative cosmesis in 22 (81.5%) studies, and improvement in global postoperative neurological functioning in 20 (74.1%) studies. The median estimated blood loss was 633 mL (range 20-2600 mL). Shunt revisions were the most common complication, reported in 9 (47.4%) of the 19 studies assessing complications. Of the 65 patients, there was a mortality rate of 6.2% (n = 4). The majority of the included studies reported improvement in head size, head positioning, cranial cosmesis, and global neurological functioning following reduction cranioplasty for hydrocephalic macrocephaly. However, the prevalence of lower-level evidence, risk of blood loss, complications, and mortality indicates the need for a serious discussion of surgical indication, an experienced team, and thorough perioperative planning to perform these complex surgeries.

The Influence of Family Nurturing Environment on Children's Emotions and Behaviors

This paper explores the impact of family upbringing environment on children's emotions and behaviors, and analyzes its theoretical framework and research findings. Firstly, we delve into the concept of family upbringing environment, including factors such as family atmosphere, parenting styles, and family support systems. Subsequently, we systematically review relevant literature, discussing the mechanisms through which different family upbringing environments influence children's emotions and behaviors. We find that warm and supportive family environments typically promote healthy emotional development in children and contribute to the formation of positive behavioral patterns; conversely, hostile and indifferent family environments may lead to emotional problems and behavioral abnormalities in children. Further analysis indicates that the influence of family upbringing environment on children extends beyond emotions and behaviors, profoundly impacting their psychosocial development. Finally, this paper proposes suggestions for future research, aiming to deepen understanding of the comprehensive impact of family upbringing environment on children and provide more effective intervention strategies for promoting children's healthy development.

Barriers to Mental Health Support in Cyberbullying: A Thematic Analysis of What Mental Health Professionals and Cyber Experts Think

Background: Cyberbullying can be a traumatic experience for adolescents. It can affect their psychosocial functioning, development, and mental well-being in the long term. Though mental health support is needed to help adolescents, parents, and schools, they do not seek appropriate support. Aim: This article describes the viewpoint of mental health and cyber experts on the barriers to seeking mental health support among adolescents, parents, and school administrators and identifies approaches to intervention. Methods: The qualitative research study was conducted in Bengaluru Urban, India. Ten specialists were interviewed, including mental health professionals and cyber experts who work with children and adolescents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Seven major themes emerged from the study as follows: (a) knowledge of cyberbullying, (b) negative impact of cyberbullying, (c) attributed factors for cyberbullying, (d) barriers for help-seeking, (e) child-centric intervention, (f) parental intervention, and (g) whole-school approach to cyberbullying. Conclusion: Several factors would affect help-seeking by adolescents, parents, and schools in the context of cyberbullying. These factors need to be considered in developing a comprehensive, school-based intervention on cyberbullying for adolescents.