Psychophysiological Properties Research Articles

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PUPPIES AS SELECTION MARKERS FOR THEIR FURTHER USE

When selecting puppies suitable for further breeding, training and coaching, it is necessary to pay attention to both the state of health and the expressiveness of the necessary psychophysiological qualities. Psychophysiological qualities (properties) of puppies are realized in their behavior, so to determine their condition, various tests are conducted, which simulate some life situations that help determine the necessary behavior of animals. Psychophysiological properties of puppies act as inclinations or abilities, the development of which in the process of further training (training) ensures the implementation of the tasks set before the cytological units. This material provides a comparative analysis and repeatability of test results for puppies at different stages of their individual development, according to the methods of Stanley Koren and William Campbell. The findings suggest a discrepancy in the results of testing the behavioural qualities of puppies by the methods of Stanley Koren and William Campbell. The behavioural traits reported in the Stanley Roots tests have a fairly high positive correlation in ontogenesis (r ꞊ +0.59 - +0.87), and therefore, with age, are undoubtedly inherited, in contrast to the traits reported in the William Campbell tests (r ꞊ -0.09 - +0.28). The highest correlation, in Stanley Koren's tests, was observed between the indicators of testing puppies in the II and III periods of socialization (r ꞊ + 0.78 - + 0.87). The study of correlations of behavioral characteristics of puppies at different stages of ontogenesis, allowed us to identify the most informative features for selection (markers), and hence the ability to increase the likelihood of selection of puppies for behavioral characteristics at an early age. As a practical application, the recommended age is approximately 14 - 17 weeks, as an ideal period for testing puppies, using the most informative selection markers (psychophysiological properties) specified in the Stanley Root tests.

ОЦЕНКА СФОРМИРОВАННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ У СТУДЕНТОВ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ВУЗА

The article contains the results of scientific research on solving modern problems of teaching students in a transport University by developing their creative abilities. Through the use of a personal-oriented approach in the educational process, the future specialist has the opportunity to make the right choice and develop abilities in different types of engineering activities: design, research, production and technological, and organizational and managerial. It is shown by practical consideration how to upgrade a certain set of competencies that are necessary for future professional activity, develop those personal qualities that will contribute to further self-improvement in accordance with the chosen type of engineering activity in the process of mastering academic disciplines with the use of personality-oriented technologies. Using a personalityoriented approach, the psychophysiological properties of the person are taken into account: the type of thinking, the type of memory, the level of memorization; emotional and volitional qualities: temperament, emotionality, will, stress resistance; characterological properties of the person: leadership, self-esteem, level of claims, adaptive mobility. The importance of professional inclinations is shown: in project work – reproducing memory, spatial imagination; in research activities–abstract thinking, facilitating memory; in production and technological activities, and in organizational and administrative activities – communication, leadership, adaptive mobility, strong will, tolerance. In order to determine the levels of students 'professional competencies, the authors developed a set of control tests that allow to identify and evaluate students' knowledge that are necessary for the successful implementation of all four types of engineering activities, as well as the student's acquired skills to perform professional functions in the corresponding types of engineering activities. The effectiveness of the personal-oriented approach is proved by comparing the levels of formation of mandatory and personal-oriented professional competencies.

ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В ВУЗЕ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ГЕОМЕТРО-ГРАФИЧЕСКИМ ДИСЦИПЛИНАМ БАКАЛАВРОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ

The education system at the university at the present stage is being created in the context of reforming education and other areas of activity that are closely related to the development processes of civil society. In todays’ Russia, the educational system that developed during the Soviet period has essentially lost its influence, and in accordance with the new challenges of the time, a different system for organizing the educational process is being formed. When teaching bachelors of technical sciences, it is possible and necessary to take into account the educational potential of technical disciplines in the complex process of a future engineering and technical worker personality forming. The methodological basis of the study is the psychological and pedagogical theory and practice of creating a system of educational activity when teaching engineering disciplines at a university with the aim of forming the personality of a competitive specialist in engineering and technology and reflecting the requirements of educational and professional standards for the training of experts in engineering profiles. The purpose of this article is to determine professionally important qualities and professionally significant psycho-physiological properties, based on theoretical analysis and study practical experience in teaching geometric graphic disciplines at a university, which students can form in the learning process for personal development and successful mastering of the profession in accordance with professional standards and the realities of industrial and technical sphere. Graphic culture has an impact on the worldview and moral values of the individual, forms aesthetic tastes, contributes to the formation of a civic position and responsibility. Educational activities at the university should be implemented not only in sports, leisure and entertainment events, but the most important aspects of personal education in learning technical disciplines are the formation of cognitive independence, strong-willed personality, emotional, behavioral, intellectual flexibility, which are the key qualifications of the future engineer. The results can be used in the teaching of graphic disciplines in technical universities.

Formalization of the «standard» mechanic-driver in the system of assessment of the basic preparation level on driving combat vehicle on the simulator

The scientific task of the article is devoted to the formalization actions of the reference mechanic-driver of a combat vehicle for its implementation in a system that evaluates the level of basic training from driving on the simulator based on an analysis of existing models of the human operator of vehicles. The essence of the study is to describe the operating conditions of the mechanic-driver of a combat vehicle, to determine and analyze the factors that affect them, to analyze existing approaches to building a model of a vehicle operator and to select a base model based on it to model the reaction of the model on a single signal. To solve this problem, methods of the theory of automatic control and simulation were used. As a result of the study, the structure of the mathematical model of the mechanic-driver of the combat vehicle was refined based on the analysis of existing models of the vehicle operator using typical links of the theory of automatic control, its basic parameters were determined based on the study of the response to a single impulse that simulates the vehicle entering a turn (test maneuver) A group of models has been specified for their further use in the system for evaluating the actions of the mechanic-driver of a wheeled and tracked combat vehicle. The conceptual structure of the system is determined, which evaluates the level of training of the mechanic-driver for the driving simulator. The direction of further research is to determine the values of the model parameters in accordance with the type of the combat vehicle, the level of psychophysiological properties of the mechanic-driver and the influence of functioning conditions on them. The approach proposed in the article to the formation of a system that evaluates the level of basic training from driving on a simulator based on the model of the mechanic-driver of the combat vehicle can be used to increase the objectivity of certification of the level of training, justify a rational set of practical exercises, the sequence and frequency of performing control techniques in different situations, determination of the volume of training, forecasting the result of training.

Особливості формування нейродинамічних та психофізіологічних властивостей у спортсменів різного віку

Особливості формування нейродинамічних та психофізіологічних властивостей у спортсменів різного віку

Труды Е. П. Ильина как энциклопедия современной психологии

The paper is devoted to the scientific heritage left by E. P. Ilyin, whose works are characterised by fundamentality, descriptive accuracy and expertise, and thus can be defined as an encyclopaedia of modern psychology. Within the framework of his scientific perspective, E. P. Ilyin created detailed systemic descriptions of properties located at all hierarchical levels of an individual’s structure and the psychological structure of personality: somatic and psychophysiological properties, mental states and processes, and psychological and socio-psychological properties of an individual. Somatic properties were described by E. P. Ilyin in the beginning of his scientific work, shortly after he had received medical education. Later, in two volumes of historical essays and numerous articles, he focused on solving the problem of interrelations between the physiological and the mental. A number of books and papers by E. P. Ilyin are devoted to psychophysiological properties. His made an innovative contribution to the development of psychophysiology by discovering two new properties of the nervous system — the “external” and “internal” balance of the nervous system, by inventing of a number of instrumental methods for diagnosing the typological properties of the nervous system and motor memory, and by describing typological symptom complexes of the properties of the nervous system. In his research devoted to mental states, E. P. Ilyin offered detailed and reliable descriptions of motivational-volitional and emotional states, and the states of monotony, mental satiation, emotional burnout, and emotional stress. Mental processes, according to E. P. Ilyin, are manifested in the abilities of the individual. He formulated an original theory of abilities, where abilities are defined as a composition of psychic functions and innate inclinations. Another series of books by E. P. Ilyin are devoted to the psychological properties of the personality. One of his latest works, “Psychology of Conscience: Guilt, Shame, Remorse”, describes some the most important moral psychological properties of a person: conscience, honesty and others. Ilyin suggested that in the modern world, conscience and honesty come to the fore in the sphere of professional selection. The monograph “Psychology of Communication and Interpersonal Relations” is devoted to sociopsychological properties. It offers detailed and accurate descriptions of the forms of partner influence, various types of manipulation, and emotional states in the process of communication, as well as age- and gender-specific features of communication. The author concludes that the content of E. P. Ilyin’s works covers the main branches and areas of modern psychology. Each of the books written by him is encyclopaedic in the area declared in the title.

ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ БАСКЕТБОЛЬНИХ АРБІТРІВ

ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ БАСКЕТБОЛЬНИХ АРБІТРІВ

Взаємозв’язок нейротизму з посттравматичними стресовими розладами в учасників бойових дій

На основі комплексного аналізу психофізіологічних властивостей була зроблена спроба знайти предикатори посттравматичного стресового розладу. Виявлені особливості взаємозв'язку генетично визначених властивостей темпераменту з посттравматичним стресовим розладом у осіб, що перебували в зоні бойових дій, а саме між рівнем нейротизму та показниками клініко-діагностичних критеріїв CAPS. Отже, особи з високим рівнем нейротизму мають значно більшу ймовірність страждати від ПТСР в екстремальних умовах.

Somatotype and Psychophysiological Properties of Sportsmen

Somatotype and Psychophysiological Properties of Sportsmen

Влияние психоэмоционального напряжения на функциональное состояние нервно-мышечного аппарата и эффективность сенсомоторной деятельности высококвалифицированных спортсменов

Purpose: assessment of the influence of the level of psychoemotional stress and the effectiveness of mental self-regulation on the functional state of the neuromuscular system and the effectiveness of the sensorimotor activity of highly skilled athletes specializing in complex co-ordination sports (on the example of diving) . Material & Methods: study involved 14 high-class athletes (master of sport, international master of sport, honored master of sports) at the age of 15–30 years. To determine the psychophysiological properties of the nervous system of athletes, the diagnostic complex Diagnost-1 are used. Electroneuromyography was performed on the neurodiagnostic complex Nicolet Viking Select . For a differentiated assessment of the level of stress, the emotional state of the respondents and also for assessing the effectiveness of mental self-regulation, a technique to select colors was used . Result: interrelation between the effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability, the intensity of existing stress, emotional stability and vegetative balance with electroneuromyographic characteristics , strength and functional mobility of nervous processes, the accuracy of reaction to a moving object and the ratio of the reactions of lead and lag, the efficiency of sensorimotor activity are identified . Conclusion: revealed interrelation of the effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability , intensity of existing stress, emotional stability and vegetative balance with typological properties of the higher parts of the central nervous system and electroneuromyographic characteristics of athletes can have prognostic value and be used to optimize the sports development of promising young people.

Toward the Physical-Information Fundamentals of Three-Dimensional Displays

The well-known groups of information three-dimensional displays (further—3D displays) with habitual names “stereoscopic,” “holographic,” “volumetric,” “integral imaging,” “light field,” etc., were historically formed without any common classification criteria. However, 3D displays as physical (optical) information systems should have the fundamental classification criteria. Such criteria are introduced in this paper in the form of physical-information modalities (further – modalities) identifying the physical-information formats of 3D image recordings in the working media of 3D displays. The modalities are based on four physical-information categories defined as four possible combinations of two kinds of 3D scene data representation (the object O representation and the representation by angular spectrum S of spherical waves) and two physical forms of each representation implementation (the ray optics R and diffraction optics D concepts). The modality of 3D display defines the primary physical-information properties of 3D image recording in the working medium. The true 3D image properties follow from the primary ones taking into account the relevant psychophysiological properties of the human visual system. The human visual system directly perceives 3D image light distribution that have passed through the optical scheme of 3D display after exiting the working medium. The limits of the proposed theory are discussed.

Initial Data Forming for Process Simulation in System “Intruder – Physical Protection System”

The article describes basic approaches to conducting an efficiency assessment of a nuclear object physical protection system as well as the possibility of creation of the intruder analytical model to determine time indicators of overcoming nuclear object protection boundaries by an intruder with defined characteristics. An intruder uses different tactics and methods to overcome boundaries of protection. A multivariate analysis lays in a basis of research that taking into account psycho-physiological and physical properties of the human organism, intruder equipment level for overcoming of physical barriers.

Analysis of Studentss Nervous System's Typological Properties, in Aspect of Response to Extreme Situation, with the Help of Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Purpose: determination of objective and subjective characteristics of students’ with different properties of nervous system fear of heights. Material: In the research 10 students of 18-19 years old age, who did not practice sports, participated. The students fulfilled one exercises: passing suspended ferriage in hiking. This exercise gives subjective perception of height and creates artificial conditions for appearing of fear. He exercise was fulfilled under all required safety measures and supervised by experienced instructor. Cluster and discriminant analysis were used. Results: we have shown that is possible to divide people into groups by indicators of functional changes in extreme situation in combination with indicators of psycho-physiological potentials and properties of nervous system. We have found that the most significant indicators for distribution of students into groups by individual typological properties are speed and accuracy of passing of psycho-physiological tests with different modes of signals’ supply as well as functional changes before exercise of extreme character. Conclusions: It was determined that students with strong type of nervous system had confidently less heart beats rate before fulfillment of extreme exercise than the students with weak type of nervous system. Subjective feeling of fear before fulfillment of extreme exercise was also confidently less in representatives of strong type of nervous system.

Measurement of Air Traffic Control Students Proportion Depending on their Attitude to Risk at 10-km. Flight Norms Violation

According to ICAO SHELL [1] model air traffic control (ATC) process may be described as complex structure. This structure involves human operator work that brings in the human factor problems. Those problems are caused by the psycho-physiological properties of human and require special treatment. Many efforts are applied to increase human stress resistance, improve working procedures and others. However one of the topics that are paid less attention is ATC operators personal attitude to risks. To determine ATC risk attitude it is important to work both with experienced operators and with ATC students to compare results and analyze them in dynamics.

Relationship between psychophysiological properties and boxing styles of skilled boxers

Relationship between psychophysiological properties and boxing styles of skilled boxers

The 5Ps Model to Optimize Compression Athletic Wear Comfort in Sports

Engineered design of compression athletic wear has been selectively applied in various recognized Olympic sports and popular recreational activities. This recent development is, as one type of additional body-behavioural support, protection and adjustment, plays a crucial role, in improving the athletes' performances. Typically, this is accomplished by providing engineered design support, pressure, and form-fit on targeted areas of athletes' body. In the present paper, a contextual model including 5Ps (i.e. Physical, Psychological, Physiological, Psychophysical, and Psychophysiological properties) related to user comfort and performance, has been developed to analyze multiple relationships between the athlete, athletic wear, immediate body space and sports environment, which would help us understand the effects of athletic wear on sports performance. The 5Ps reference model explores the mechanisms of action of body-clothing-environment system from a comprehensive view, thus effectively optimizing functional design of compression athletic wear in practice to enhance sports achievement and comfort.

Spatial perception and knowledge

The enthusiasm elicited by the Third International Conference on Spatial Cognition, which was held in Rome in September 2006 (see the ‘‘Laboratory Note’’ in this issue), convinced the Editorial Board of Cognitive Processing to publish an extended and revised version of the most valuable papers presented at the Conference. The Scientific Committee was asked to judge the several presentations (oral speeches and posters), on many dimensions consisting in originality, relevance and methodology, and those highly scored have been selected and subsequently contacted. Twelve authors answered the call and have been invited to prepare a full manuscript to be published in forthcoming special issues of Cognitive Processing. From the arguments covered, I tried to categorize the papers into two groups. The two resulting issues of Cognitive Processing are not intended to focus on a particular view, nor on a central theme, but acknowledge that studies on spatial cognition must be as diverse as the human experience. The title of the present issue, ‘‘Spatial Perception and Knowledge’’, and that of a following issue, ‘‘Spatial Navigation’’, may therefore seem a compulsory attempt to hold sand in a fist, but the central aim has been pursued by every paper presented: no one research may be conclusive if considered alone, but several researches can depict human–environment interaction. The present issue begins with a significant paper of Cees van Leeuven on dynamics and interaction: in his review, he depicts the background of the development of connectionism, as well as the criticisms against connectionist models on autonomy, and proposes a way to avoid the ‘‘baby-sitting dilemma’’. Autonomy in connectionist models relies on adaptive learning skills: thus, they need well-designed training schedules (baby-sitting). However, autonomy should emerge without external design and scheduling. Van Leeuven proposes that spontaneous selforganized activity in nonlinear dynamical systems may solve the dilemma: the ongoing dynamics of connectionist models, based on a small-world network structure, may proficiently simulate the psycho-physiological properties of the brain, through an adaptive rewiring process within a network of chaotic units. From these considerations, attractors and chaotic itineracy emerge as thoughtful methods that are able to describe the neural activity aiming to bridge the distance from brain to cognitive processing. The approach is complex, but who can truly endorse that a linear model can trap the complex relationship between cognition and neuroanatomy? In the second review of the issue, Marios N. Avraamides and Jonathan W. Kelly report empirical and theoretical literature on spatial updating and memory retrieval about real-world environment. Their work is noteworthy, since many multiple-system models on spatial representation are presented and summarized from a neutral point of view, leading to a fruitful starting point for a multiple comparison. Moreover, based on May’s (2004) sensorimotor interference model and theories of stimulus–response compatibility, the authors propose an inspiring integrative model aiming at describing how people reason and memorize surroundings in a real-world human–environment interaction. The core concept states that online and offline processing differ in their sensorimotor reference frame: in the former case an egocentric frame can define the spatial code for locations and responses, while in the latter case such a frame cannot be used, and the agent may rely on imagery processes to place the reference frame anywhere D. Basso (&) Department of Psychology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta, 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy e-mail: demis.basso@unipv.it

Bidirectional genetic and environmental influences on mother and child behavior: The family system as the unit of analyses

Family systems theory proposes that an individual's functioning depends on interactive processes within the self and within the context of dyadic family subsystems. Previous research on these processes has focused largely on behavioral, cognitive, and psychophysiological properties of the individual and the dyad. The goals of this study were to explore genetic and environmental interactions within the family system by examining how the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) A1+ polymorphism in mothers and children relates to maternal sensitivity, how maternal and child characteristics might mediate those effects, and whether maternal sensitivity moderates the association between DRD2 A1+ and child affective problems. Evidence is found for an evocative effect of child polymorphism on parenting behavior, and for a moderating effect of child polymorphism on the association between maternal sensitivity and later child affective problems. Findings are discussed from a family systems perspective, highlighting the role of the family as a context for gene expression in both mothers and children.

Role of Adolescent Female Volleyball Players' Psychophysiological Properties and Body Build in Performance of Different Elements of the Game

Body-build peculiarities (49 body measurements) and psychophysiological properties (21 computerized tests) of 32 adolescent female volleyballers were studied to assess their significance in performance at competitions. Games were recorded by the original computer program Game, and an index of proficiency representative elements of the game was calculated for each player. Regression analysis was applied to predict the best psychophysiological and anthropometric models for serve, reception, block, feint, and attack. Seven tests of psychophysiological indices and 14 anthropometric variables explained 38-98% and 32-83% of skill performance, respectively. Consequently, to improve young volleyball players' performance, everyday coaching should be complemented by detailed assessment of their body build and psychophysiological characteristics.

Changes in EEG and autonomic nervous activity during meditation and their association with personality traits

Meditation is the attainment of a restful yet fully alert physical and mental state practiced by many as a self-regulatory approach to emotion management, but the psychophysiological properties and personality traits that characterize this meditative state have not been adequately studied. We quantitatively analyzed changes in psychophysiological parameters during Zen meditation in 20 normal adults, and evaluated the results in association with personality traits assessed by Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). During meditation, increases were observed in fast theta power and slow alpha power on EEG predominantly in the frontal area, whereas an increase in the normalized unit of high-frequency (nuHF) power (as a parasympathetic index) and decreases in the normalized unit of low-frequency (nuLF) power and LF/HF (as sympathetic indices) were observed through analyses of heart rate variability. We analyzed the possible correlations among these changes in terms of the percent change during meditation using the control condition as the baseline. The percent change in slow alpha EEG power in the frontal area, reflecting enhanced internalized attention, was negatively correlated with that in nuLF as well as in LF/HF and was positively correlated with the novelty seeking score (which has been suggested to be associated with dopaminergic activity). The percent change in fast theta power in the frontal area, reflecting enhanced mindfulness, was positively correlated with that in nuHF and also with the harm avoidance score (which has been suggested to be associated with serotonergic activity). These results suggest that internalized attention and mindfulness as two major core factors of behaviors of mind during meditation are characterized by different combinations of psychophysiological properties and personality traits.