Psychopharmacological Drugs Research Articles

New Compounds: 4-Substituted 5,6-Dihydro-2-o-Hydroxyphenyl-4h-1,3,4-Oxadiazine-5-Ones, Potential Psychopharmacological Drugs

The synthesis of 16 derivatives of a 1,3,4-oxadiazine, each of which may be envisioned as forming a tricyclic structure, was carried out by 4-alkylation and further reaction with a secondary amine. The compounds are proposed as potential psychopharmacological drugs.

Preliminary studies on the activity of enzymes causing the catabolism of foreign substances during continued therapy with psychopharmacological drugs

Es werden die Ergebnisse erster orientierender Untersuchungen uber die Aktivitat Fremdstoffe abbauender Enzyme — gemessen an der Umsatzrate von Novalgin zu Aminoantipyrin — mitgeteilt, die durch fortgesetzte Therapie mit Psychopharmaka um im Mittel etwa 100% vermehrt wird. Einige Ausnahmen von der Regel werden kurz erortert.

Die wirkung von psychopharmaka auf visuell evozierte potentiale der katze

Были зapeгиcтpиpoвaны вызвaнныe cвeтoм пoтeнциaлы зpитeльнoй кopы y 25 кoшeк, a зaтeм иccлeдoвaны измeнeния этих пoтeнциaлoв пoд влияниeм хлopпpoмaзинa, бyтиpилпиpaзинa, хлopпpoтикceнa, хaлoпepидoлa, дeзипpaминa, aмитpиптилинa и диaзeпaмa. Лaтeнтныe пepиoды peaкций yдлинялиcь пo мepe yвeлихeния дoз этих aгeнтoв, on-peaкции в вызвaнных пoтeнциaлaх y бoльшинcтвa зивoтных были yвeлихeны. B нeкoтopых экcпepимeнтaх off-peaкции мoзнo былo видeть тoлькo пoд дeйcтвиeм фapмaкoлoгихecких вeщecтв; y бoльшинcтвa зивoтных off-peaкции yвeлихивaлиcь пo мepe yвeлихeния дoзы. зpитeльныe вызвaнныe пoтeнциaлы пoд влияниeм этих ядoв cтaнoвилиcь бoлee выpaзeнными. Эти эффeкты мoгyт быть интepпpeтиpoвaны кaк cлeдcтвиe yмeньшeния aктивиpyющeгo влияния дpyгих хacтeй мoзгa нa зpитeльнyю кopy и кaк cлeдcтвиe пoнизeния cпoнтaннoй aктивнocти в пepвихных aффepeнтных cиcтeмaх.

Emotional problems of aging patients.

Functional and organic emotional disorders will continue to increase among the elderly as this segment of the population grows. The family physician can play an important role in minimizing these emotional problems through his strategic relationship with the patient. He can encourage his elderly patients to remain active and provide supportive therapy as well as prescribe psycho-pharmacologic drugs and treat organic illness. He can also help the patients' families and the community to understand the special needs of their aged.

REPORTS OF CLINICAL STUDIES OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and The Journal of New DrugsVolume 7, Issue 4 p. 237-244 Free Access REPORTS OF CLINICAL STUDIES OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS Carl C. Pfeiffer Ph.D., M.D., Carl C. Pfeiffer Ph.D., M.D. The Journal of Clinical PharmacologySearch for more papers by this authorLeo E. Hollister M.D., Leo E. Hollister M.D. Veterans Administration Hospital Palo Alto, Calif.Search for more papers by this author Carl C. Pfeiffer Ph.D., M.D., Carl C. Pfeiffer Ph.D., M.D. The Journal of Clinical PharmacologySearch for more papers by this authorLeo E. Hollister M.D., Leo E. Hollister M.D. Veterans Administration Hospital Palo Alto, Calif.Search for more papers by this author First published: July‐August 1967 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1967.tb00055.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Lind, James: A Treatise Upon Scurvy. Edinburgh, (1753). 2 Hill, A. B.: Clinical Trial. New Eng. J. of Med. 247: 113 (1952). 3 Bishop, M. P., and Gallant, D. M.: Observations of placebo response in chronic schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 14: 497 (1966). 4 Casey, J. F., Bennett, I. F., Lindley, C., Hollister, L. E., Gordon, M. H., and Springer, N. N. Drug therapy in schizophrenia: A controlled study of the relative effectiveness of chlorpromazine, promazine, phenobarbital and placebo. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 2: 210 (1960). 5 Sugerman, A. A., and Herrmann, J.: A pilot study of Dominal in chronic schizophrenics. Curr. Therap. Res. 8: 487 (1966). 6 Simpson, G. M. and Angus, J. W. S.: A preliminary study of prothipendyl in chronic schizophrenia. Curr. Therap. Res. 9: 265 (1967). 7 Gallant, D. M., Bishop, M. P., and Shelton, W.: P-5227: A 6-7-6 antipsychotic compound. Curr. Therap. Res. 8: 241 (1966). 8 Sugerman, A. A., and Lichtigfeld, F. J.: P-5227: An active dibenzoxepine antipsychotic. Curr. Therap. Res. 8: 224 (1966). 9 Simpson, G. M., Iqbal, J., Iqbal, F., and Angus, J. W. S.: A preliminary study of P-5227, a new active antipsychotic compound. Curr. Therap. Res. 8: 465 (1966). 10 Casey, J. F., Lasky, J. J., Klett, C. J., and Hollister, L. E.: Treatment of schizophrenic reactions with phenothiazine derivatives: A comparative study of chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, mepazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine and phenobarbital. Amer. J. Psychiat. 117: 97 (1960). 11 Hollister, L. E., Overall, J. E., Bennett, J. L., Kimball, I., and Shelton, J.: Specific therapeutic actions of acetophenazine, perphenazine and benzquinamide in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Clin. Pharmacol. and Therap. 8: 249 (1967). 12 Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Honigfeld, G., Kimbell, I. H., Jr., Meyer, F., Bennett, J. L., and Caffey, E., Jr.: Comparison of acetophenazine and perphenazine in schizophrenics: demonstration of differential effects based on computer derived diagnostic models. Clin. Pharmacol. and Therap. 4: 200 (1963). 13 Lehmann, H. E., and Ban, T. A.: Notes from the log-book of a psychopharmacological research unit. I. Canad. Psychiat. Assoc. J. 9: 28 (1964). II. Ibid. 9:111 (1964). 14 Ban, T. A.: Methodology and pitfalls in clinical testing of psychopharmacological drugs. Chemotherapia 9:223 (1964). The quotation is paraphrased from Wiener, A. S.: Blood-groups and disease: a critical review, Lancet 1: 813 (1962). Volume7, Issue4July‐August 1967Pages 237-244 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Problem of Evaluation of Psychopharmacological Drugs.

Excerpt A large proportion of all chemical agents currently being submitted for clinical trial are those with potential psychopharmacological activity. Problems of evaluating comparative efficacy a...

CLINICAL TRIAL OF A POTENTIATED DIKETOPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE AS A PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL AGENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS.

A clinical study was made of potentiated diketopiperazine, the main ingredient of which is a new psychopharmocological agent; 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-2,6-piperazinedione, potentiated by a new sedative-hypnotic, 2-methyl-3-orthotolyl-4-quinazinolone. Combined molecules were used to treat 58 patients with non-organic psychoses at the Philadelphia State Hospital, classified with respect to behavioral patterns as agitated, paranoid, depressed or catatonic. A control group consisted of 43 psychotic patients, treated with various psychopharmacological drugs according to their specific clinical needs. The percentage of patients showing improvement was about the same in both groups (83% to 86% respectively) even though the potentiated diketopiperazine was given indiscriminantly without respect to type of cases. The diketopiperazine was most beneficial in the nonagitated cases, the best results obtained in cases classified as depressed or catatonic. This drug seemed to be completely free of untoward side effects. The results with diketopiperazine are highly encouraging, and further study may establish it as a useful drug in the treatment of various psychoses, particularly those which can be benefited by an antidepressant.

A FATAL CASE OF POISONING WITH AMITRIPTYLINE.

NEW psychopharmacological drugs bring relief to many patients. However, their misuse can result in misadventures which may even be fatal. Several reports1 already document this fact, despite the wide margin of safety these drugs have. This note reports a fatal episode involving amitriptyline, another new drug in the fast growing list.

Modified technique used in human bioassay of four butyrophenone derivatives in psychoneurotic patients.

Too often, following animal and acute human pharmacologic studies, insufficient information is available for the efficient and safe design of an adequately controlled double blind study in man. The single blind human bioassay of psychopharmacologic drugs, utilizing a spectrum of clinical conditions, may provide a rough estimate of the dose‐response relationship for clinical improvement, the dose‐response relationship for toxic effects, and an estimate of diagnostic categories in which potential usefulness may be established by double blind evaluation. This procedure avoids the expense of large numbers of toxicologic studies and provides the first screening for actual rejection of a drug from more complex and expensive thorough clinical investigation. The use of the modified technique is illustrated by studies with four butyrophenone derivatives (R‐1625, R‐1647, R‐1892, and R‐2167) in 151 patients. The dose‐response curves for these drugs, including the ED50 and the TD50 of each, were obtained in psychoneurotic outpatients and were found to correlate well with the ED50 for animal conditioned avoidance behavior block and with the LD50 in mice.

Comparison of Anticonvulsant and Psychopharmacologic Drugs

Four anticonvulsant drugs were compared with seven psychopharmacologic agents by a battery of tests designed to detect possible tranquilizing activity. The drugs tested were found to have only one property in common, the ability to prolong hexobarbital sleep time. Five psychopharmacologic agents, chlorpromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, reserpine, and hydroxyzine, blocked conditioned avoidance responses and reduced amphetamine toxicity in aggregated mice, whereas the two sedative anticonvulsants, phenobarbital and trimethadione, and two psychopharmacologic agents, meprobamate and phenaglycodol, were inactive by these tests. The two nonsedative anticonvulsants, diphenylhydantoin and phenacemide, markedly reduced amphetamine toxicity in aggregated mice, which suggests that these two anticonvulsant drugs may have mild tranquilizing properties.

Emotional Dysfunction and the Use of Psychopharmacological Drugs in a Military Theater

Emotional Dysfunction and the Use of Psychopharmacological Drugs in a Military Theater

Accidental ingestion and overdosage involving psychopharmacologic drugs.

AS new drugs are developed, their accidental over-ingestion will occur, and, although toxicity studies on laboratory animals precede general distribution of drugs, human data usually become available only after distribution. Knowledge concerning the potential toxicity of psychopharmacologic agents is accumulating as they continue to be used. The information on the acute toxicity of these drugs in human beings presented below is based on 280 cases of accidental ingestion and poisoning involving tranquilizer agents reported to the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers by 60 local poison control centers over a two-year period. Methods and Case Material Studied In the event . . .

Effects of Psychopharmacologic Agents on Experimentally-Induced Seizures in Mice

Of seven psychopharmacologic drugs screened by five assay procedures, only meprobamate ana phenaglycodol exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity. Chlorpromazine, promazine, reserpine, and hydroxyzine lowered the threshold for minimal seizures variously induced, whereas triflupromazine had no effect on seizure threshold. The data obtained correlate well with available clinical data and indicate the value of threshold seizure studies in animals for detecting agents which may cause convulsions in man.

The Effects of Certain Psychopharmacologic Drugs on Conditioning in the Rat I : Avoidance-Escape Conditioning

This study compares the effects on conditioning of well-known classes of tranquilizers both with themselves and with other centrally active drugs. On the basis of certain chemical structure relationships, 2-ethyl-2-(3-methyl)-butylmalondiamide, 2-ethyl-2-(3-methyl)-butylmalonic acid diethylester, and ethyl-2,4-toluene dicarbamate were included for study. The results which were analyzed statistically by means of an analysis of variance technique and t tests demonstrated significant differences between drugs and between drugs and controls from both dosage and trial aspects. Because of the nature of the test, these differences cannot be ascribed only to an interference with normal motor activity.

Drugs in emotional disorders: past and present.

Excerpt Widespread interest in drugs currently used for treating emotional disorders has created the erroneous impression that pharmacologic approaches to psychiatric treatment are something new. B...