Psychometric Research Articles

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC-Q).

The intermittent self-catheterization questionnaire (ISC-Q) is a valid and reliable tool to assess the quality of life (QOL) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) who engage in ISC. The aim of this research is to culturally adapt the ISC-Q and evaluate its psychometric properties within the Chinese patient population. The cross-sectional research was meticulously conducted in two pivotal stages: initially, the focus was on cross-cultural adaptation, followed by an extensive phase of psychometric testing. This comprehensive analysis involved 405 Chinese patients with NLUTD who use ISC. Various analyses, including evaluations of the floor and ceiling effects, item analysis, content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA), assessments of convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha was utilized to determine internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). No floor and ceiling effects were observed. The content validity index was 0.967. The EFA identified four factors, accounting for 64.953% of the total variance, and this four-factor structure was confirmed by the CFA. The fit indices in CFA were favorable, with χ2/df = 1.999, root mean square error of approximation = 0.070, comparative fit index = 0.916, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.900, goodness-of-fit index = 0.863, and incremental fit index = 0.917. The average variance extracted for the four factors ranged from 0.466 to 0.565, with composite reliability values ranging from 0.776 to 0.859. The ISC-Q showed a positive correlation with the intermittent self-catheterization acceptance questionnaire (r = 0.557, P < 0.001). The ICC overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.821, and the for test-retest reliability was 0.951 (95% CI [0.900-0.976] P < 0.001). The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the ISC-Q have been verified, making it suitable for measuring the QOL in NLUTD patients who practice ISC.

Relationship between sexist parenting, parental self-efficacy and life satisfaction in Colombian mothers: the moderating effect of gender-role-based parenting

ABSTRACT The relationship between parenthood, parental self-efficacy, and life satisfaction depends on several factors, such as financial burden, time investment and children’s challenging behaviour. Parental self-efficacy may play a mediating role in the relationship between life satisfaction and mental health. Hence, this research seeks (1) to examine the relationship between gendered parenting and childcare self-efficacy and life satisfaction in Colombian mothers of children aged 0–5 years, and (2) to establish the possible moderating effect of gender role-based parenting on the relationship between parental self-efficacy and life satisfaction. We used life satisfaction as an indicator of mental health. Psychometric analyses of the scales were performed using structural equation modelling and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, and gamma regression models were used to evaluate the study hypotheses. The findings indicate that parental sexism and maternal self-efficacy significantly influence women’s life satisfaction, with differences based on urban versus rural residence and education level, highlighting the complex relationship between gender norms, parental self-efficacy, and life satisfaction.

Assessing the Reliability, Dimensions, and Variance of Young's Internet Addiction Test by Applying it to Adolescents at the National Psychiatric Hospital in Costa Rica.

The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was the first instrument created specifically to assess Internet addiction (IA). Although it was not validated during its creation, its validity has since been confirmed thanks to subsequent studies. The IAT is the first global psychometric measure tested worldwide that has been used in several studies as a research tool. Regarding the dimensions of the IAT, they were not reported by the creator of the test, during the performed factor analysis. Nonetheless, different studies have defined the test as being one-dimensional and others as having three, four, five, and six dimensions. In the present study, seven dimensions were identified; however, there is still a lack of consensus about the number of dimensions that accurately define this test. Hence, Young's Internet Addiction Test presents a shortcoming that may be explained by the influence of several factors such as how it was applied, the place where it was applied, and the population to which it was applied. All of these are factors that could be linked to the sociocultural aspects of the adaptations that have been made to the test. Moreover, the first dimension of the IAT found, the loss of self-control, is extremely important because it explains 34% of the variance of the data. However, 74% of the variance is explained by applying the 7 dimensions identified in this research. Also, the reliability analysis showed that the IAT is 89% reliable, which indicates that the elements comprising the test used in this research are suitable for measuring the construct of Internet addiction.

Assessing the Reliability, Dimensions, and Variance of Young's Internet Addiction Test by Applying it to Adolescents at the National Psychiatric Hospital in Costa Rica

Background: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was the first instrument created specifically to assess Internet addiction (IA). Although it was not validated during its creation, its validity has since been confirmed thanks to subsequent studies. The IAT is the first global psychometric measure tested worldwide that has been used in several studies as a research tool. Regarding the dimensions of the IAT, they were not reported by the creator of the test, during the performed factor analysis. Nonetheless, different studies have defined the test as being one-dimensional and others as having three, four, five, and six dimensions. Methods: In the present study, seven dimensions were identified; however, there is still a lack of consensus about the number of dimensions that accurately define this test. Results: Hence, Young's Internet Addiction Test presents a shortcoming that may be explained by the influence of several factors such as how it was applied, the place where it was applied, and the population to which it was applied. All of these are factors that could be linked to the sociocultural aspects of the adaptations that have been made to the test. Conclusions: Moreover, the first dimension of the IAT found, the loss of self-control, is extremely important because it explains 34% of the variance of the data. However, 74% of the variance is explained by applying the 7 dimensions identified in this research. Also, the reliability analysis showed that the IAT is 89% reliable, which indicates that the elements comprising the test used in this research are suitable for measuring the construct of Internet addiction.

6523 Kisspeptin Administration Does Not Induce Anxiety in Humans

Abstract Disclosure: E.G. Mills: None. L. Thurston: None. L. Yang: None. S. Suladze: None. T. Hunjan: None. M. Phylactou: None. B. Patel: None. S.A. Clarke: None. A.J. Shah: None. C. Izzi-Engbeaya: None. J. Tsoutsouki: None. P. Bech: None. N. Ertl: None. L. Demetriou: None. M.B. Wall: None. D. Goldmeier: None. A. Abbara: None. A.N. Comninos: None. W.S. Dhillo: None. Background: The neuropeptide kisspeptin is a critical endogenous activator of the reproductive system. Due to its key role in regulating reproductive and behavioural processes, there has been escalating interest in targeting kisspeptin-pathways to treat reproductive and psychosexual disorders. However, conflicting evidence from pre-clinical animal models proposes that kisspeptin can have an anxiolytic, anxiogenic or have no effects on anxiety. Given the rapid development of kisspeptin-based therapeutics, it is important to clarify kisspeptin’s effects on anxiety in humans. Herein, we report the largest study examining the effects of kisspeptin on psychometric measures of anxiety and circulating cortisol levels in humans. Methods: Ninety-three eugonadal participants (n=29 healthy men, n=32 men with low sexual desire, n=32 women with low sexual desire) completed a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants attended twice: once for intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 (1nmol/kg/h) over 75mins and for a rate-matched placebo. Blood sampling took place at 15-minute intervals from -30 to 75mins to measure circulating kisspeptin, LH, testosterone and cortisol [in men] and oestradiol [in women]. The validated ‘State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Y2-Trait’ was completed prior to the infusions to exclude abnormal anxiety traits, with all scores within normal limits. Participants also completed the ‘STAI Y1-State’ before and prior to the end of the infusions to assess for any dynamic effects of the infusions on anxiety. Results: Ninety-three participants (mean age ±SD 30.9±8.7yrs, BMI 24.0±3.7kg/m2) completed the study. Intravenous kisspeptin significantly increased serum LH to similar levels previously described using this administration protocol, confirming that the dose was biologically active (P&amp;lt;0.001). Importantly, state anxiety was unaltered by kisspeptin, compared to placebo (mean difference in ‘STAI Y1-State’ scores during the infusions: kisspeptin -0.03±8.11, placebo 0.77±8.08, P=0.43). Moreover, kisspeptin had no effect on circulating cortisol compared to placebo during the 75minute study period (P=0.92). As expected, kisspeptin had no significant effects on downstream sex-steroid levels during the 75minute study period, thereby excluding these as confounders. Discussion: This is the largest study demonstrating that a biologically active dose of kisspeptin to healthy volunteers and patients with psychosexual disorders does not affect psychometric measures of anxiety and associated circulating cortisol levels. Given that animal studies have yielded conflicting results, this provides important clinical data and reassurance that kisspeptin administration in humans does not induce anxiety and so informs the rapid development of kisspeptin-based therapeutics for reproductive and psychosexual disorders. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Assessing Workplace Bullying: Psychometric Analysis of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) among Brazilian Teachers

Assessing Workplace Bullying: Psychometric Analysis of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) among Brazilian Teachers

Development of a breastfeeding support scale in the workplace and psychometric properties of Turkish version: a validity and reliability

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop a workplace breastfeeding support scale for working mothers and examine their psychometric properties. This methodological research was conducted between February and April 2022. This study included 325 mothers who continued breastfeeding while working. The tool development stages included item generation, expert review for content validity testing, and psychometric testing. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews between February and April 2022. In data analysis, for explanatory factor analysis, the direct oblimin technique and scree plot test were performed. Structural equation modeling was performed for confirmatory factor analysis. Two sub-dimensions (manager support, environmental support) and a nine-item workplace breastfeeding support scale showed good validity and reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the total scale and sub-dimensions of the scale were greater than 0.70. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit indices were acceptable (χ2 = 68.658, χ2/df = 2.64, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.07). The total variance explained by the scale was 54.32 percent. This newly developed 9-item and 2-dimensional version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the working mothers’ perception of workplace breastfeeding support. This tool is recommended to be verified in other low, middle, and high-income countries.

Need for a More Objective, Inclusive, and Equitable Selection Process for Gastroenterology Fellowships.

Diseases related to the digestive system account for a significant proportion of the diseases burden in the United States and result in 36.8 million ambulatory visits, 3.8 million hospital admissions, and 22.2 million gastrointestinal endoscopies. To meet the challenge that this quantum of gastroenterological disorders poses, we are obligated to select and train competent gastroenterologists. Admission into a Gastroenterology (GI) fellowship program is highly selective. In 2023, only 62.7% of candidates who applied were successful in matching into a fellowship program, making it even more competitive than a cardiology fellowship (match rate of 68.4%). Therefore, it is imperative that we ensure that the selection process is fair and transparent. Additionally, we need to be socially more responsible by emphasizing diversity and inclusivity to produce gastroenterologists who reflect the changing society we live in. An analysis of current practices indicates that the process of selection is not standardized and is more subjective than objective. This review is an attempt to identify deficiencies that can be rectified by the introduction of a standardized system that includes structured interviews, Standard Letters of Recommendation (SLOR), and objective scoring protocols-all of which would make the process of selection more equitable, diverse, and inclusive. Newer methods like Casper exam, Psychometric testing, and Preference Signaling can also be explored to this end.

Patient feasibility as a novel approach for integrating IRT and LCA statistical models into patient-centric qualitative data-a pilot study.

Clinical research increasingly recognizes the role and value of patient-centric data incorporation in trial design, aiming for more relevant, feasible, and engaging studies for participating patients. Despite recognition, research on analytical models regarding qualitative patient data analysis has been insufficient. This pilot study aims to explore and demonstrate the analytical framework of the "patient feasibility" concept-a novel approach for integrating patient-centric data into clinical trial design using psychometric latent class analysis (LCA) and interval response theory (IRT) models. A qualitative survey was designed to capture the diverse experiences and attitudes of patients in an oncological indication. Results were subjected to content analysis and categorization as a preparatory phase of the study. The analytical phase further employed LCA and hybrid IRT models to discern distinct patient subgroups and characteristics related to patient feasibility. LCA identified three latent classes each with distinct characteristics pertaining to a latent trait defined as patient feasibility. Covariate analyses further highlighted subgroup behaviors. In addition, IRT analyses using the two-parameter logistic model, generalized partial credit model, and nominal response model highlighted further distinct characteristics of the studied group. The results provided insights into perceived treatment challenges, logistic challenges, and limiting factors regarding the standard of care therapy and clinical trial attitudes.

Testing the validity and reliability of the Korean nursing surveillance scale: a methodological study

BackgroundBecause of the importance of nursing surveillance, there is a need to develop a scale to measure nursing surveillance that reflects the roles of nurses in South Korea. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure surveillance by Korean nurses and to test its reliability and validity.MethodsIn the development phase, a literature review was conducted to verify the attributes of nursing surveillance, and preliminary items were developed based on the surveillance activities in the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and the interviews of Korean nurses and modified through content validation and a pilot study. In the psychometric testing phase, two surveys were conducted with Korean nurses working in acute hospitals, using the preliminary scale in exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 220) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 219). Data were analyzed through EFA, CFA, correlation, and reliability analyses to verify convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability. To verify the validity of the preliminary scale, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability were performed.ResultsIn the EFA, 16 items were grouped into four factors, accounting for 70.1% of the cumulative variance. In the CFA, the model exceeded the criteria for all fit indices (χ2 = 155.62 [df = 94, p < .001], CMIN = 1.65, SRMR = .048, RMSEA = .055, GFI = .921, NFI = .916, TLI = .955, CFI = .964) and was acceptable. The convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability were verified. The final Korean nursing surveillance scale consists of four factors: ‘anticipation of problems and decision-making’ with six items; ‘systematic assessment’ with five items; ‘recognition of patterns’ with three items; and ‘identification of the patient’s self-care and coping strategies’ with two items.ConclusionThe Korean nursing surveillance scale developed in this study comprised questions that included NIC’s surveillance activities and empirical data from Korean nurses; based on the attributes of nursing monitoring derived from concept analysis, its validity and reliability were verified. This study can provide precedent to motivate the development of nursing surveillance scales in other countries, and ultimately stimulate studies on nursing surveillance, which is essential for patient safety.

Screening for Psychiatric Disorders in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Waiting for Surgery: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who were waiting for surgery and to predict these psychiatric disorders using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). A prospective cross-sectional study. The rhinology ward at our institution, a tertiary hospital. Adult patients (> 18 years) diagnosed with CRS who were admitted to the rhinology ward for endoscopic sinus surgery and were able to understand and complete the study questionnaires. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and SNOT-22. Of the 159 participants recruited, 58 were at risk of depression (defined by PHQ-9 > 4, while 25 with PHQ-9 > 9), 49 were at risk of anxiety (defined by GAD-7 > 4, while 25 with GAD-7 > 9), 81 were at risk of insomnia (defined by ISI > 7, while 51 with ISI > 14) and 69 were at risk of SSD (defined by PHQ-15 > 4, while 24 with PHQ-15 > 9). The SNOT-22 score was closely correlated with the scores of psychometric tests and was an independent predictor of these psychiatric disorders. Patients with a high SNOT-22 score (> 30) are likely to be affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders and should be further evaluated by otolaryngologists. Depression, anxiety, insomnia and SSD are prevalent in CRS patients. Otolaryngologists should have a low threshold to ask the patient about psychiatric symptoms, especially for patients with an SNOT-22 score > 30.

A Psychometric Analysis of the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) in a Child Welfare Setting

ABSTRACT Purpose This study consisted of a psychometric analysis of the brief and expanded versions of the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) to assess the scale’s validity and reliability in a child welfare setting. Method Based on responses from a sample of 313 child welfare professionals, factorial structure was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was assessed through correlations with theoretically linked concepts, and internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha. Results Factor analysis yielded a unidimensional structure for the brief version and a two-factor structure for the expanded version. However, the models did not meet the standards for sufficient fit, as evidenced by the fit indices. Both the brief and expanded versions were significantly and positively correlated with theoretically linked concepts. Internal consistency of the brief (α = .96) and expanded versions (α = .96) was excellent. Discussion Though the measure holds promise with respect to construct validity and internal consistency, further testing of the factorial structure in a variety of child welfare samples is warranted. Conclusion This study supports the field of child welfare with information regarding one possible measure of organizational readiness, an important concept in implementation science.

What can I do for my low back pain? The Work In Progress questionnaire!

There is growing evidence on Commitment Therapy for people with low back pain (LBP). A self-reported questionnaire is lacking which evaluates commitment by relying on the most recommended actions, the most important core outcome domains, and the most evidenced treatment options. To describe the development and psychometric validation of the Work In Progress (WIP) questionnaire. Development and psychometric validation of the WIP questionnaire in the context of people with LBP, as a means to evaluate Commitment. Outpatient facilities. People with LBP. The new instrument was created by item generation and selection. Face validity, appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility were investigated. Psychometric testing was carried out in a cross-sectional study and included: 1) exploratory factor analysis; 2) reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest measurement (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient, ICC<inf>2.1</inf>); and 3) construct validity by hypothesis testing the correlation of the WIP questionnaire with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and a pain intensity Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (Pearson's r correlations). The WIP questionnaire was successfully developed based on international guidelines and the testing of face validity, appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility were satisfactory. The instrument was administered to 102 people with LBP (39 females, mean age of 49.7±14.6 years [range 20-80], pain median duration of 42.1 weeks [range 3-360]). Factor analysis revealed a two-factor 10-item solution (57% of explained variance). The internal consistency was good (α=0.70-85) and test-retest assessment was excellent (ICC<inf>2.1</inf>=0.91-94). Construct validity was good, as ≥75% of hypotheses were confirmed. The WIP questionnaire is a self-reported tool to evaluate commitment in persons with LBP showing satisfactory psychometric properties. It can be recommended for clinical and research purposes. This study adds original new data to the existing knowledge in the field of Commitment within the bio-psychosocial paradigm for disabled people. It is expected to contribute to the evaluative, clinical and rehabilitative approach of individuals with low back pain.

Sexual dysfunction among female patients with rheumatic diseases.

To demonstrate the burden of sexual dysfunction (SD) among females with rheumatic diseases, we conducted a cross-sectional comparative study in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Behçet's syndrome (BS) along with suitable healthy controls (HCs). Age-matched female patients with SSc (n = 50), SLE (n = 49), and BS (n = 54), along with 52 female HCs were included in this study between April and October, 2021. Sociodemographic features were recorded, and psychometric tests, i.e., female sexual function index (FSFI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), body cathexis scale, and marital adjustment test (MAT) were performed. Scale scores were compared, and binary logistic regressionwas usedto identify predictors for SD in the whole group. The total FSFI and body cathexis scores among the patient groups were significantly lower than those of the HCs (p < 0.001). Depression was significantly more frequent in the patient groups. MAT scores did not differ significantly between the study groups. Patients with SSc had the worst scores in each psychometric index, including MAT. Decreased body cathexis score [OR 0.974, 95% CI (0.957-0.991), p = 0.003] and low MAT score [OR 0.937, 95% CI (0.896-0.980), p = 0.005], and being diagnosed with SSc [OR 6.6, 95% CI (1.975-22.498), p = 0.002], SLE [OR 2.7, 95% CI (0.998-7.753), p = 0.050], and BS [OR 2.8, 95% CI (1.100-7.359), p = 0.031],were identifiedas independent predictors for SD. Body cathexis seems to be the most important independent predictor for SD, and the burden of SD appears heavier in patients with SSc, probably due to poor body image satisfaction.

Development and validation of the self-report symptom inventory of immune-related adverse events in patients with lung cancer

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop and validate the Self-Report Symptom Inventory of immune-related Adverse Events in Patients with Lung Cancer (SRSI-irAEs-LC) to allow for systematic assessment of symptomatic irAEs in lung cancer patients treated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). MethodsA sequential two-phase mixed-methods study was conducted. In phase Ⅰ, a draft version of the SRSI-irAEs-LC was constructed through item generation and draft inventory construction. Delphi expert consultation, cognitive interviews and a pilot study were conducted to evaluate the content validity and refine the scale. In phase Ⅱ, psychometric testing was performed on 512 lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity, discriminant validity, and reliability evaluations. ResultsThrough 5 sequential steps in phase Ⅰ, the preliminary version of the SRSI-irAEs-LC comprised 10 dimensions with 41 items. Through EFA, the final version of the SRSI-irAEs-LC included 8 dimensions and 26 items that explained 62.33% of the variance. The CFA model showed that the 8-factor model fitted the data well. Good criteria validity and known-groups discriminant validity were demonstrated. Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability of the scale were 0.824, 0.725, and 0.851, respectively. ConclusionsPreliminarily, the SRSI-irAEs-LC is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing symptomatic irAEs in lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. Further research is needed to confirm its generalizability to a broader population as well as its validity and reliability.

Listening to two-talker conversations in quiet settings: the role of listeners’ cognitive processing capabilities for memory and listening effort

Listening to conversing talkers in quiet environments and remembering the content is a common activity. However, research on the cognitive demands involved is limited. This study investigates the relevance of individuals’ cognitive functions for listeners’ memory of two-talker conversations and their listening effort in quiet listening settings. A dual-task paradigm was employed to explore memory of conversational content and listening effort while analyzing the role of participants’ (n = 29) working memory capacity (measured through the operation span task), attention (Frankfurt attention inventory 2), and information-processing speed (trail making test). In the primary task, participants listened to a conversation between a male and female talker and answered content-related questions. The two talkers’ audio signals were presented through headphones, either spatially separated (+ /– 60°) or co-located (0°). Participants concurrently performed a vibrotactile pattern recognition task as a secondary task to measure listening effort. Results indicated that attention and processing speed were related to memory of conversational content and that all three cognitive functions were related to listening effort. Memory performance and listening effort were similar for spatially separated and co-located talkers when considering the psychometric measures. This research offers valuable insights into cognitive processes during two-talker conversations in quiet settings.

TMS for the Prevention of Recurrence of Depression during Pregnancy and Post-Partum: A Case Series

Depression in pregnancy and the postpartum period is prevalent. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising alternative or adjunctive treatment in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, especially for individuals with treatment resistant depression. However, the use of TMS to prevent relapse and recurrence of depression throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy and post-partum has not been studied. Here we present three pregnancy cases: (2 pregnancies in one patient with unipolar depression and 1 pregnancy in a patient with bipolar depression) where TMS had been used prior to treat depression successfully before pregnancy. TMS was subsequently administered safely adjunctive to medications on a maintenance (preservation) basis through all the three trimesters of pregnancy and for a full year or more post-partum.Patient outcome was monitored clinically and with psychometric measures throughout, with the frequency of TMS sessions adjusted in light of course, but typically at a frequency of 1-2 sessions per month. In each case there was no recurrence of a major depressive episode in pregnancy or post-partum despite a prior history of treatment resistance and multiple failed medication trials. The frequency of sessions required to maintain stability diminished over time as the total duration of treatment with TMS increased. Given the difficulty of managing and preventing depression relapse during pregnancy and the post-partum period and the lack of current research in this area, this case series suggests that maintenance TMS may be a promising option in this setting.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of Communication Activities of Daily Living third edition in Spanish and Catalan for people with aphasia.

In the Spanish and Catalan context, there is currently a lack of standardized, linguistically adapted tools to assess people with communication disorders. This lack is especially evident when it comes to instruments designed to assess functional communication. The main objective of this study is to adapt the instrument entitled Communication Activities of Daily Living 3rd edition (CADL-3) into European Spanish (CADL-3VE) and Catalan (CADL-3VC), thus providing a new tool to assess the functional communication of patients with aphasia in the Spanish and Catalan populations. A total of 152 people, all residents of Catalonia, took part in the study. The CADL-3VE test was administered to 125 Spanish-speaking participants, who were divided into two groups, one consisting of patients with aphasia and the other a control group. The CADL-3VC test was administered to 27 Catalan-speaking patients with aphasia. Other tests and assessment scales were used for the external validation of the test. Reliability scores were recorded for both new versions of the test. There was a very strong correlation between the CADL-3VE test and external criteria. The scores for both of the new versions showed significant differences in terms of performance between the aphasia and control groups. Both versions displayed similarities with the original test with respect to most of the psychometric analyses carried out. The test makes it possible to assess everyday communicative functioning and participation in real-world contexts. As such, it helps inform the creation of personalized, interdisciplinary treatment plans aimed at functional objectives that consider the patient's context. What is already known on the subject In order to effectively assess aphasia based on a bio-psycho-social perspective, it is necessary to examine functional communication. In other words, there is a need to explore the kinds of communication difficulties that people face in their everyday lives. Communication Activities of Daily Living (CADL-3) is an English-language test that was developed to assess functional communication by simulating certain everyday activities. What this study adds This paper offers an analysis of the items, reliability and validity of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the CADL-3 test. What are the clinical implications of this work? This new instrument has the potential to play an essential role in assessing the everyday functional communication of people with aphasia in Spain.

Medication Literacy Test for Older Adults: psychometric analysis and standardization of the new instrument.

Low medication literacy is prevalent among older adults and is associated with adverse drug events. The Medication Literacy Test for Older Adults (TELUMI) was developed and content validated in a previously published study. To evaluate the psychometric properties and provide norms for TELUMI scores. This was a cross-sectional methodological study with older adults selected from the community and from two outpatient services. Descriptive item-analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), item response theory (IRT), reliability, and validity analysis with schooling and health literacy were performed to test the psychometric properties of the TELUMI. The classification of the TELUMI scores was performed using percentile norms. A total of 344 participants, with a mean age of 68.7years (standard deviation = 6.7), were included; most were female (66.6%), black/brown (61.8%), had low schooling level (60.2%) and low income (55.2%). The EFA pointed to the one-dimensional structure of TELUMI. A three-parameter logistic model was adopted for IRT. All items had an adequate difficulty index. One item had discrimination < 0.65, and three items had an unacceptable guessing index (< 0.35) and were excluded. The 29-item version of TELUMI had excellent internal consistency (KR20 = 0.89). There was a positive and strong association between TELUMI scores and health literacy and education level. The scores were classified as inadequate medication literacy (≤ 10.0 points), medium medication literacy (11-20 points), and adequate medication literacy (≥ 21 points). The results suggest that the 29-item version of TELUMI is psychometrically adequate for measuring medication literacy in older adults.

Psychometric properties analysis of Indonesian IKDC scale for managing patients with ACL injury

Psychometric properties analysis of Indonesian IKDC scale for managing patients with ACL injury