Psychometric Research Articles

The Teachers' Mental Health Literacy Scale

AbstractTeachers play a critical role in school mental health. They aid in the identification and referral of students in need of mental health services and are key players in implementing interventions. Nevertheless, teachers often lack the education and training needed to support youths' mental health. Increasing teachers' mental health literacy (MHL) is recognized as a needed area of focus in improving systems' responses to youths' mental health needs, yet no current tools assess teachers' complete MHL. A measure of MHL for in‐service teachers based on current conceptualizations of MHL in the context of schools was developed and tested. The 24‐item scale was tested in a sample of 407 full‐time teachers in the United States and initial psychometric testing supports its use. The analytic strategy included an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis via Cronbach's α, and convergent validity analysis via zero‐order correlations between the Teachers' MHL Scale and theoretically linked constructs. The final scale includes four subscales that measure teachers' understanding of how to promote well‐being, recognize potential problems, link students in need to appropriate resources, and the link between well‐being and school success. The underlying theory supporting the tool's development and suggestions for its use are discussed.

Psychometric Testing of the Korean Version of the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory Version 3

PurposeThis methodological study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory version 3 (SC-CHDI v3) in a Korean context. MethodsThe SC-CHDI v3 was translated into Korean following a rigorous translation process. Participants were 452 patients who had experienced coronary heart disease (CHD), all recruited from a tertiary hospital in Korea. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was examined by correlating scores from the Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 with those from the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale. Internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. ResultsThe Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 consists of 21 items, excluding two from the original instrument. The self-care maintenance subscale identified a two-factor structure: “treatment adherence” and “health-promoting behaviors.” The goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 18.19, p = .110, comparative fit index (CFI) = .97, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = .95, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .04. The self-care monitoring subscale consisted of a one-dimensional structure (“monitoring behaviors”) and the goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 19.19, p = .059, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, and SRMR = .04. The self-care management subscales had a two-factor structure of “consulting behaviors” and “problem-solving behaviors.” The goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 16.44, p = .037, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, and SRMR = .03. Scores from the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale showed a positive correlation with the Korean version of SC-CHDI v3 subscales. Reliability estimates were ≥ .80 for all subscales except for the self-care maintenance subscale. ConclusionsThe Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 consists of 21 items in 3 subscales and is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, healthcare providers can effectively utilize it to assess the self-care levels of patients with CHD.

Psychometric Properties of Scales Assessing Psychosocial Determinants of Staff Compliance with Surgical Site Infection Prevention: The WACH-Study.

Psychosocial determinants influence healthcare workers' compliance with surgical site infection (SSI) preventive interventions. In order to design needs-based interventions promoting compliance, such determinants must first be assessed using valid and reliable questionnaire scales. To compare professional groups without bias, the scales must also be measurement-equivalent. We examine the validity/reliability and measurement equivalence of four scales using data from physicians and nurses from outside the university sector. Additionally, we explore associations with self-reported SSI preventive compliance. N = 90 physicians and N = 193 nurses (response rate: 31.5%) from nine general/visceral or orthopedic/trauma surgery departments in six non-university hospitals in Germany participated. A written questionnaire was used to assess the compliance with SSI preventive interventions and the determinants of compliance based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior-Model. Psychometric testing involved single- and multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses, and explorative analyses used t-tests and multiple linear regression. The scales assessing individual determinants of compliance (capability, motivation, and planning) were found to be reliable (each Cronbach's α ≥ 0.85) and valid (each Root-Mean-Square-Error of Approximation ≤ 0.065, each Comparative-Fit-Index = 0.95) and revealed measurement equivalence for physicians and nurses. The scale assessing external determinants (opportunity) did not demonstrate validity, reliability, or measurement equivalence. Group differences were found neither in compliance (p = 0.627) nor determinants (p = 0.192; p = 0.866; p = 0.964). Capability (β = 0.301) and planning (β = 0.201) showed associations with compliance for nurses only. The scales assessing motivation, capability, and planning regarding SSI preventive compliance provided reliable and valid scores for physicians and nurses in surgery. Measurement equivalence allows group comparisons of scale means to be interpreted without bias.

Assessing social connection for long-term care home residents: A scoping review of measure content.

Social connection comprises distinct but interrelated aspects describing how individuals connect to each other. Various measures have assessed multiple aspects of social connection in long-term care (LTC) home populations, but they use inconsistent terminology, making it unclear what aspects are measured. This scoping review describes how social connection is assessed by measures that have been used in LTC home residents. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Two systematic literature searches combining search terms for social connection AND LTC home residents AND measurement properties were conducted in eight electronic databases from inception to April 2022. Included studies reported the development or psychometric testing of measures which assessed social connection in LTC home residents. A content analysis with a deductive-inductive approach was used to analyze the measures' content and an adapted Framework Method was used for data management. Findings report each measure's items and the assessed aspects of social connection. Dementia and non-dementia-specific measures had content, administration, and scoring compared. From 8753 records, 58 studies reporting on 14 dementia-specific and 28 non-dementia-specific social connection measures were identified, including complete measures, subscales, and single items. These measures assessed social network (52.4%), social isolation (11.9%), social interaction (47.6%), social engagement (31.0%), social support (33.3%), social connectedness (21.4%), and loneliness (9.5%). A total of 27 (64.3%) of the measures included more than one aspect of social connection. Dementia-specific measures most often assessed social interaction whereas non-dementia-specific measures most often assessed social network, social interaction, and social support. Dementia-specific measures typically relied on a proxy response, whereas non-dementia-specific measures more often used self-report. Existing social connection measures in LTC home settings operationalize seven aspects of social connection and differ according to the target population (dementia or non-dementia-specific). These findings will inform future measure selection and development. Social connection is important to long-term care (LTC) home residents' quality of life.Social connection has been assessed by quantifying/describing relationships.Existing measures usually assess more than one aspect of social connection.These aspects cover several interlinked observed or experienced domains.Dementia and non-dementia-specific measures differ in assessing social connection.

A Simplified Version of the Chinese Tinnitus Disorder Scale and its Psychometric Characteristics.

This study aims to design a Concise and Practical Chinese Tinnitus Disorder Scale (CPCTDS), evaluate its psychometric measurement characteristics, and help doctors in making diagnoses and treatments. A sample of 482 tinnitus patients completed CPCTDS. The patients also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). The eight items of CPCTDS were extracted through its exploratory factor analysis, which had strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.855). The correlations between the total scores of CPCTDS and Tinnitus Disability Inventory (TDI; r = 0.960, P < 0.05) and TFI (r = 0.749, P < 0.05) indicated a good criterion validity. The correlation of the CPCTDS emotional subscale with the TFI emotional subscale (r = 0.650, P < 0.05), CES-D (r = 0.488, P < 0.05), and BAI (r =.384, p< 0.05) showed that the convergent validity of CPCTDS was satisfactory. CPCTDS and the original Chinese version of TDI were highly reliable and valid. This finding shows that the two scales can be reliably used to assess the severity of tinnitus in clinical areas.

ChecKAP: A Checklist for Reporting a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Study.

The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model is a foundational tool in public health research. KAP surveys play a vital role in this process by gauging a population's current level of knowledge about a specific health issue. Rigorous evaluation is essential for ensuring the validity and reliability of KAP studies. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive checklist for reporting Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Studies was developed. This study was conducted using a systematic six-step roadmap. A comprehensive review of available relevant quality assessment tools led to the development of specific new items. An expert panel reviewed the initial draft, and after corrections were made, the second draft was finalized and subjected to psychometric analysis by experts. The development of ChecKAP (Checklist for Reporting Items for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) represents a significant contribution to KAP studies. The final tool consists of 46 items across 8 fields: title (1 item), abstract (6 items), keywords (1 item), introduction (6 items), method (11 items), findings (7 items), discussion (15 items), and conclusion (1 item). ChecKAP assesses the inherent complexity of KAP research methods and ensures consistent reporting. It fills an important gap in the KAP research literature and serves a dual purpose. First, it acts as a quality assessment tool for reviewers, enabling them to evaluate the methodological rigor and clarity of submitted manuscripts. Second, it serves as a guideline for authors, promoting a more systematic and transparent approach to reporting.

A Tool to Teach and Assess Clinical Nurse Specialist Student Prescribing Competency: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of a tool designed to develop and evaluate clinical nurse specialist (CNS) student competency and confidence in prescribing therapeutic agents. Specifically, the aims were to identify students' perceptions of the tool's (1) helpfulness in learning to prescribe, (2) impact on confidence as a prescriber, and (3) recommended use in CNS education. An exploratory design was used. Students used the tool in patient care with a supervising mentor during clinical rotations. Students completed surveys after using the tool at 2 points in time. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 18 students, 5 students completed the survey at time 1 and 6 students at time 2. The aims were met in that students perceived the tool to be helpful during CNS prescribing activities, felt confident about prescribing after using the tool, and agreed the tool should be used in CNS education. Replication of the study with larger samples of CNS students and psychometric analyses of the tool is recommended by the study's findings to support its use in CNS education beyond the study site.

Конструирование и психометрические характеристики методики «Склонность к крайним взглядам»

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The need to provide preventive strategies for maintaining the stability of modern society actualizes the issue of psychodiagnostics of a person&amp;rsquo;s tendency to extreme views. At the same time, there is a shortage of questionnaires in Russian psychological science that allow obtaining information about social risk groups that differ in extreme beliefs and attitudes. To measure the propensity of a person to extreme views of a national, political and religious nature, the author&amp;rsquo;s test was designed and tested. The study involved 335 respondents aged 18 to 22 years, including 197 boys and 138 girls. Correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach&amp;rsquo;s coefficient &amp;alpha; were used. t-criterion. The results of the approbation and psychometric analysis of the questionnaire are satisfactory, its verification using mathematical and statistical procedures shows compliance with the theoretical construct, indicators of internal consistency, substantive validity and retest reliability indicate the possibility of its use to measure the propensity to extreme views. The developed questionnaire can be useful in academic research and in preventing the spread of extreme views and ideas in modern society.&lt;/p&gt;

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire‐short in patients with cancer

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance (MI) of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire‐short (CERQ‐short) in cancer patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 505 cancer patients from mainland China. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the CERQ‐short and the distress thermometer were included in the study measures.ResultsItem analysis indicated a promising result. And the results of CFA indicated that the CERQ‐short demonstrated satisfactory factorial validity in cancer patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.663 and 0.910, while McDonald's omega coefficients were between 0.664 and 0.910. The CERQ‐short had sufficient convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity among cancer patients. Lastly, MI supported that the CERQ‐short demonstrated strong measurement equivalence across gender, residence and age.ConclusionsThis study shows that the Chinese version of the CERQ‐short has convincing psychometric properties and MI, which supports its use in cancer patients.

Development and Validation of the Korean Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument for Hospitals

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a survey instrument to assess the Patient Safety Culture in Korean hospitals and evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods: A preliminary instrument was developed through a literature review, focus group interviews, content validity testing, and pretesting for face validity. A total of 467 hospital employees participated in the psychometric testing. Validity and reliability assessments included content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency.Results: The Korean Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument comprised 35 items across seven factors: leadership, patient safety policy and procedure, patient safety improvement system, teamwork, non-punitive environment, patient safety knowledge and attitudes, and patient safety priority. These seven factors contributed 60.98% of the variance of the total scale. Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was .93; the seven factors ranged from .66 to .91.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Korean Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument is reliable, valid, and suitable for measuring patient safety culture in Korean hospitals.

Adaptation and Psychometric Test Measurement of The Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) Instruments for School Counselors In Indonesia

Adaptation and Psychometric Test Measurement of The Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) Instruments for School Counselors In Indonesia

EFFECTS OF SLOW-TEMPO MUSIC ON PAIN PERCEPTION AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

The research focuses on how slow-tempo music alleviates the pain perception in an individual. The study aimed to investigate the potentialinfluence of slow-tempo music on pain perception and emotional well-being. Its objectives were twofold: first, to examine the influence of slow- tempo music on pain perception using the Pain Catastrophizing Model, and second, to explore the emotional well-being outcomes associated with exposure to slow-tempo music in pain scenarios. The pain threshold for an individual is described using the pain catastrophizing model of pain by Sullivan et al. As the name suggests, the key concepts include pain catastrophizing and emotional well-being. This study will focus on understanding how music, especially slow-tempo music may influence measures of pain and emotional well-being. 72 individuals aged 18-25 years will participate. Data collection will involve the utilization of psychometric testing. The assessment tools include the Geneva Music Induced Affect Checklist to gauge emotional responses to music, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale to assess individuals' tendency to magnify pain-related experiences, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule to measure general emotional states. The study analyzed correlations between painperception, emotional well-being, and music preferences using Pearson correlation coefficients. It found weak positive correlations between pain perception (PCS) and emotional well-being (PANAS), and emotional well-being (PANAS) and music preferences (GEMIAC). However, these correlations were not statistically significant at the conventional 0.05 level. Additionally, a weak negative correlation was observed between pain perception (PCS) and music preferences (GEMIAC), which also lacked statistical significance. Therefore, the study couldn't confidently establish significant associations between these variables based on the sample data.

Urdu Translation &amp; Validation of Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised: A Self-Report Tool of Executive Functioning

Executive functions (EF) include skills such as working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility that are required for efficient functioning in all disciplines of life, be it personal, educational or professional. The assessment of EF skills using task-based instruments or self-report forms is a debatable topic in research arena. The current study focused on translation and psychometric analysis of a comprehensive yet short and freely available tool of EF skills; Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (Strait et al., 2019) in Urdu language. The study followed a rigorous tool translation procedure including forward and back translation. Data was collected from 294 undergraduate students; both boys (n=142) and girls (n=152) aged 18-21 years (M= 19.2, SD=0.98) enrolled in various public sector higher educational institutes of Lahore, Pakistan. Data collection was followed by analysis which included use of descriptive statistics to analyze demographic characteristics and calculation of Cronbach’s alpha of sub-scales to determine internal consistency. Item total correlation was then calculated. Analysis further included Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results revealed the internal consistency of all sub-scales in acceptable range having Cronbach alpha value ranging from 0.72-0.80. CFA confirmed the 5-factor structure of the translated tool similar to the original tool. All fit indices were found to be excellent. Results revealed the ESQ-R Urdu as a valid and reliable tool to assess EF skills in student population.

Assessing the psychometric properties of the Army STARRS’ vertical unit cohesion scale: A large-scale, longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Unit cohesion is the extent to which military service members feel committed to and supported by their military unit or, conversely, feel overlooked, neglected, and/or alienated. Unit cohesion reflects an important aspect of military social support and can act as a protective factor against mental health challenges, particularly in challenging situations. Theoretical suppositions and emerging evidence suggest that different types of unit support, specifically, vertical unit cohesion and horizontal unit cohesion, uniquely matter for service member well-being. Vertical unit cohesion (support from leaders in the unit and other higher-ranking positions) may be of universal importance to service members with implications for career progression and personal wellbeing, while horizontal unit cohesion (support from fellow unit members and peers) may be of importance under certain circumstances. Informed by the psychometric theory of scale development and validation, the dimensionality of unit cohesion theory, and the need for brief, sound measurement tools, this study first examined the psychometric properties of the Army STARRS four-item Vertical Unit Cohesion Scale in a longitudinal analysis with a large, diverse sample of Soldiers from the Pre/Post Deployment Study component of the Army STARRS dataset (N = 10,116). Then, exploratory analyses were conducted to examine the properties of the Horizontal Unit Cohesion Scale and understand the relationship between vertical and horizontal unit cohesion. Strong evidence for the Vertical Unit Cohesion Scale’s psychometric soundness was established regarding factor structure, measurement invariance overtime, and construct validity. Conversely, preliminary evidence suggests that the three-item measure of Horizontal Unit Cohesion should be used with caution. Implications for researchers and military leadership are provided.

Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Awareness of Age-Related Change Short Form in Older Adult Samples From Taiwan and Germany.

This study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 10-item Awareness of Age-Related Change Short Form (AARC-SF) questionnaire in a Chinese-speaking sample of older adults in Taiwan. Data from 292 participants (Mage = 77.64 years) in the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan cohort were used for Study 1, whereas data from young-old adult samples in Germany were used for Study 2. Study 1 showed that the AARC-SF had satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing adults' AARC in Taiwan. Analyses confirmed the 2-factor structure of AARC-gains and AARC-losses. Study 2 demonstrated strong measurement invariance across men and women, whereas direct comparisons of the item scores between young-old adults and old-old adults need to be made with caution. Noninvariance of loadings indicated that certain items were more closely linked to AARC-gains and AARC-losses in Taiwan than in Germany. Noninvariance of intercepts suggested potential biases in comparing item scores between Taiwanese and German older adults. The AARC-SF emerged as a reliable and valid instrument for capturing positive and negative subjective aging experiences among Taiwanese older adults. However, it is noteworthy that some items on the AARC-SF may solicit different responses from individuals of different ages and different countries of origin, requiring caution with age group and cross-cultural comparisons.

Measuring the Social Impact of Burn Injuries in Australia: An Adaptation of the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation—The Aus-LIBRE Profile

Abstract Burn survivors can experience social participation challenges throughout their recovery. The aim of this study was to develop a novel Australian English translation of the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Profile, the Aus-LIBRE Profile. This study consisted of 3 stages: (1) translation of the LIBRE Profile from American to Australian English by Australian researchers/burns clinicians, (2) piloting and cognitive evaluation of the Aus-LIBRE Profile with burn survivors to assess the clarity and consistency of the interpretation of each individual item, and (3) review of the Aus-LIBRE Profile by colleagues who identify as Aboriginal Australians for cross-cultural validation. In stage 2, investigators administered the translated questionnaire to 20 Australian patients with burn injuries in the outpatient clinic (10 patients from Victoria and 10 patients from Western Australia). Face validity of the Aus-LIBRE Profile was tested in 20 burns survivors (11 females) ranging from 21 to 74 years (median age 43 years). The total body surface area burned ranged from 1% to 50% (median 10%). Twelve language changes were made based on the feedback from the burn clinicians/researchers, study participants, and colleagues who identify as Aboriginal Australians. Using a formal translation process, the Aus-LIBRE Profile was adapted for use in the Australian burn population. The Aus-LIBRE Profile will require psychometric validation and testing in the Australian patient with burns population before broader application of the scale.

The relative bias of psychometric testing

The relative bias of psychometric testing

Psychometric Analysis of the Spanish-Language Version of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Handovers in Critically Ill Patients in Urgent and Emergency Care Settings.

Background/Objectives: Patient handover is the process by which the responsibility for care is transferred from one health care professional to another. Given the lack of validated scales to assess the handover of critically ill patients, our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Instrumento de Evaluación de la Transferencia de Enfermos Críticos (IETEC) (English: Instrument for the Evaluation of Handovers in Critically Ill Patients). Methods: Psychometric analysis of the reliability and validity (construct, convergent, and discriminant) of the IETEC. This single-center study included professionals (nurses, physicians, and emergency medical technicians) involved in the care of the critically ill in urgent care and emergency situations. Results: We evaluated 147 handovers of critically ill patients. The KR-20 score was 0.87, indicting good internal consistency. Of the 147 handovers, 117 (79.6%) were classified as unsafe and 30 (20.4%) as safe. The model fit showed an acceptable construct validity (24 items and four factors: Identification, Communication, Quality, and Family). The Communication domain had the strongest correlation with the total scale (r = 0.876) while Family had the weakest (r = 0.706). The Communication and Family domains were closely correlated (r = 0.599). The IETEC reliably differentiated between safe and unsafe handovers, with a mean (SD) score of 26.3 (1.2) versus 19.0 (4.8), respectively. No significant differences (p = 0.521) in mean IETEC scores were observed between the physicians and nurses. Conclusions: These results show that the IETEC presents adequate psychometric properties and is, therefore, a valid, reliable tool to evaluate handovers in critically ill patients in urgent care and emergency settings.

Using a nonparametric item response theory model to identify patterns of cognitive decline: The Mokken scale analysis.

Cognitive decline, particularly in dementia, presents complex challenges in early detection and diagnosis. While Item Response Theory (IRT) has been instrumental in identifying patterns of cognitive impairment through psychometric tests, its parametric models often require large sample sizes and strict assumptions. This creates a need for more adaptable, less demanding analytical methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mokken scale analysis (MSA), a nonparametric IRT model, in identifying hierarchical patterns of cognitive impairment from psychometric tests. Using data from 1164 adults over 60 years old, we applied MSA to the orientation subscale of ACE-III. Our analysis involved calculating scalability, monotone homogeneity, invariant item ordering (IIO) and response functions. The MSA effectively retrieved the hierarchical order of cognitive impairment patterns. Most items showed strong scalability and consistent patterns of cognitive performance. However, challenges with IIO were observed, particularly with items having adjacent difficulty parameters. The findings highlight MSA's potential as a practical alternative to parametric IRT models in cognitive impairment research. Its ability to provide valuable insights into patterns of cognitive deterioration, coupled with less stringent requirements, makes it a useful tool for clinicians and researchers.

Measuring mental wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical adolescents using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale.

Adolescence is a key period of vulnerability for poor mental health as the brain is still developing and may be more sensitive to the negative impacts of stress and adversity. Unfortunately, few measures comprehensively assess wellbeing in adolescents. The 26-item COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale for adults was validated in a sample of 1,078 adolescents aged 13-17 years old (51.67% male, 79.13% non-clinical vs 20.87% psychiatric or developmental clinical cases). The six COMPAS-W sub-scales and total scale were examined in this sample using second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and psychometric testing. The 23-item COMPAS-W demonstrated the best fit for this sample according to goodness-of-fit indices (χ 2 (220, 1078) = 1439.395, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.893, TLI = 0.877, RMSEA = 0.070, SRMR = 0.095). Internal reliability for the confirmed 23-item COMPAS-W model was run for the total scale (α = 0.912) and sub-scales (Composure, α = 0.735; Own-worth, α = 0.601; Mastery, α = 0.757; Positivity, α = 0.721; Achievement, α = 0.827; and Satisfaction, α = 0.867). Test-retest reliability over 6 weeks was also good for the total scale at r = 0.845 and the sub-scales: Composure (r = 0.754), Own-worth (r = 0.743), Mastery (r = 0.715), Positivity (r = 0.750), Achievement (r = 0.750), and Satisfaction (r = 0.812). Compared with non-clinical participants' wellbeing (M = 90.375, SE = 0.400), those with clinical diagnoses reported lower wellbeing, both for those with developmental diagnoses (M = 85.088, SE = 1.188), or psychiatric diagnoses (M = 78.189, SE = 1.758), or combined developmental and psychiatric diagnoses (M = 77.079, SE = 2.116). Yet, when wellbeing category scores were considered by diagnosis group, both non-clinical and clinical groups demonstrated incidence across all three categories of languishing, moderate and flourishing wellbeing, in support of the dual-continua model of mental health. On average, younger adolescents' (13-14 years) wellbeing did not differ from older adolescents' (15-17 years) wellbeing; however, for sex, males scored 1.731 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with females (p = 0.028); and American participants scored 3.042 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with Australian participants (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the 23-item COMPAS-W is a reliable measure of wellbeing for adolescents, both for those with and without developmental and psychiatric diagnoses.