Psychometric Properties Of Scale Research Articles

The functioning of dynamic capabilities: explaining the role of organizational innovativeness and culture

PurposeUsing the knowledge-based view of the firm, dynamic capability literature and known dimensions of organizational innovativeness (OI), this article develops two testable models that attempt to explain: (1) how innovativeness functions as a source of capability dynamization and (2) how organizational culture (OC) critically determines this function of innovativeness.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a cross-sectional design and maximum variation sampling to identify organizations from the population of formal Indian business firms with the aim of controlling the effects of moderating variables such as their size, age, nature of business and ownership. Measurement instruments are borrowed from the literature. The cleaned dataset (n = 453 cases from 13 organizations) is randomly split into two-halves, which are used separately for extracting and confirming underlying factors. Rigorous procedure for assessing scale psychometric properties has been followed. The hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsExcept for a couple of paths that turned out insignificant, the data by and large support the study hypotheses. While market innovativeness failed to emerge as a factor, the capability dynamizing dimensions of innovativeness significantly predict its outcome dimensions of product and process innovativeness. Barring the effect of “trust”, they also fully mediate the effect of the rest of the culture factors on these outcome dimensions. Importantly, they are substantively determined by the culture factors, suggesting that the capability dynamizing dimensions are embedded in culture.Originality/valueThe primary contribution of this study is that besides accounting for how firm innovativeness can possibly explain the dynamism in dynamic capabilities, the results indicate a critical influence of culture in determining the potency of the dynamizing mechanisms. This has important implications for theory and practice.

COVID-19 related mental health issues: a narrative review of psychometric properties of scales and methodological concerns in scale development.

The global crisis of COVID-19 and its consequential strict public health measures placed around the world have impacted mental health. New scales and tools have been developed to measure these mental health effects. This narrative review assesses the psychometric properties of these scales and tools and methodological aspects of their development. PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published from 15 May 2020 to 15 August 2020. This search used three groups of terms ("tool" OR "scale" AND "mental" OR "psychological"; AND "COVID-19" OR "coronavirus"). The identified scales were further evaluated for their psychometric properties and methodological aspects of their development. Though the studies developing these scales (n = 12) have demonstrated their robust psychometric properties, some methodological concerns are noteworthy. Most of the scales were validated using internet-based surveys, and detailed descriptions of the mode of administration, sampling process, response rates, and augmentation strategies were missing. The heterogeneous and inadequate reporting of methods adopted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the identified scales can limit their utility in clinical and research settings. We suggest developing guidelines and checklists to improve the design and testing, and result in reporting of online-administered scales to assess the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scales of Practices and Outcomes for Community-Engaged Research.

Despite the growth of research on community-engaged research (CEnR), recent reviews suggest there has been limited development of validated scales to measure key contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes, impairing testing and refinement of theoretical models. The purpose of this study is to present the psychometric properties of scales from the Engage for Equity (E2) project, stemming from a long-term research partnership examining community-engaged research projects. This study used a three-stage, cross-sectional format: (a) a sampling frame of 413 CEnR projects was identified; (b) 210 principal investigators completed a project-level survey and nominated partners for another survey; (c) 457 investigators and partners completed a survey about project contexts, processes, interventions, and outcomes. Factorial validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis supporting seven scales: contextual capacity, commitment to collective empowerment, relationships, community engagement in research actions, synergy, partner and partnership transformation, and projected outcomes. Convergent validity was established through examining covariances among the scales. This study largely yielded results consistent with a previous psychometric study of related measures, while demonstrating improved ceiling effects of the items and refined conceptualization of core theoretical constructs.

A comparison of the acceptability and psychometric properties of scales assessing the impact of type 1 diabetes on quality of life—Results of ‘YourSAY: Quality of Life’

To compare the acceptability, reliability and validity of five contemporary diabetes-specific quality of life (QoL) scales among adults with type 1 diabetes in the United Kingdom and Australia. Adults with type 1 diabetes (UK=1139, Australia=439) completed a cross-sectional, online survey including ADDQoL-19, DCP, DIDP, DSQOLS and Diabetes QoL-Q, presented in randomised order. After completing each scale, participants rated it for clarity, relevance, ease of completion, length and comprehensiveness. We examined scale acceptability (scale completion and user ratings), response patterns, structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and validity (convergent, concurrent, divergent and known groups). To assess cross-country reproducibility, analyses conducted on the UK dataset were replicated in the Australian dataset. Findings were largely consistent between countries. All scales were acceptable to participants: ≥90% completing all items, and ≥80% positive user ratings, except for DSQOLS' length. Scale structure was not supported for the DCP. Overall, in terms of acceptability and psychometric evaluation, the DIDP was the strongest performing scale while the ADDQoL-19 and Diabetes QoL-Q scales also performed well. These findings suggest that the recently developed brief (7 items), neutrally worded DIDP scale is acceptable to adults with type 1 diabetes and has the strongest psychometric performance. However, questionnaire selection should always be considered in the context of the research aims, study design and population, as well as the wider published evidence regarding both the development and responsiveness of the scales.

Validation and psychometric properties of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in type 2 diabetes patients in Spain

AimsTo validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale for use in Spanish population, and to examine the psychometric properties of this scale in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain. DesignThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a single university hospital in Spain. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at least 1 year before inclusion, being treated with anti-diabetic medication were included. InterventionWe used the Spanish version of the scale to measure treatment adherence. Principal measurementsthree level categorical scale is broken down into low adherence (score of <6), medium adherence (score of 6 to <8) and high adherence (score of 8). To validate the questionnaire, we measured internal consistency through Cronbach's α, confirmed construct validity through an exploratory principal component analysis and assessed test–retest reliability. Results232 patients met the inclusion criteria. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.40 (95% CI 0.28–0.52). The exploratory principal component analysis showed three components. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.718 (95% CI 0.564–0.823). Conclusionsthe Spanish version of the Morisky Medication Adherence scale showed low internal consistency, the exploratory factor analysis identified three dimensions, and the test–retest reliability was acceptable, therefore, psychometric properties of MMAS-8 are not suitable for measuring medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Spain.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Family Centred Practice Scale for use with families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundThe Family-Centered Practices Scale assesses the degree to which staff in Early Childhood Intervention and Development Centers use this approach. However, there is no adaptation of this scale to families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in early intervention in Spain. Objectives: To validate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Family-Centered Practices scale in Spanish parents with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: Descriptive analyses, exploratory factor analysis (n1 = 211), confirmatory factor analysis (n2 = 236), and scale reliability analyses were performed. In addition, the invariance of the scale by parents’ age and gender was assessed, and a longitudinal analysis of the scores was performed. Results: A scale with a two-factor structure was obtained, similar to the original version, where the goodness-of-fit indices were excellent (RMSEA [95%CI] = 02[0.01; 0.03]; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.98; RMR = 0.02; GFI = 0.96). However, the measure was not invariant in gender, with differences between fathers and mothers. Additionally, the internal consistency of the full scale (α = 0.94, ω = 0.90) and of the two dimensions showed high values in this sample and comparing the means between the two measurement time points showed no differences, the test was powerful had a large effect size. Discussion: The psychometric properties of this scale are adequate, which makes it faster to apply and gives it better clinical applicability. Conclusions: This version of scale in Spanish is a valid, reliable tool for evaluating family-centered practices in families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Investigating Psychometric Properties of the Self-Compassion Scale Using Rasch Methodology

The 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and its short 12-item version (SCS-SF) were reported to have acceptable psychometric properties, and both scales are widely used to assess self-compassion in individuals. However, recent investigations were inconsistent regarding factor structure of the SCS, and psychometric properties of the scale were not tested for consistency with principles of fundamental measurement using appropriate methodology such as Rasch analysis. A partial credit Rasch model was used to evaluate psychometric properties of the SCS and SCS-SF with the sample of 743 respondents randomly divided into two equal subsamples (A and B) to replicate the results for the purpose of robustness. Initially, there were no misfitting items but the local dependency between various items affected Rasch model fit. This issue was resolved by combining locally dependent items into four super-items resulting in the best fit to the Rasch model of both SCS and SCS-SF, with evidence of unidimensionality and an excellent sample targeting. Although both scale versions had strong reliability satisfactory for individual and group assessment, the original SCS demonstrated superior psychometric properties reflected by higher reliability indicated by Person Separation Index (PSI) of 0.90 compared to the SCS-SF (PSI = 0.85). These analyses were replicated with the sample B for both scale versions, resulting in equally good fit. This permitted generating ordinal-to-interval conversion tables based on Rasch model estimates. The current study supported the reliability and internal validity of both the SCS and SCS-SF. Accuracy of these assessment instruments can be further improved by using the ordinal-to-interval conversion tables published here.

Stress Scale (Automatic Thinking): Investigating the Psychometric Properties

The aim of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of Stress Scale (Automatic Thinking). Descriptive research method among quantitative research methods was used in the study. The purpose of the research is to adapt the Stress Scale (Automatic Thinking) developed by Gordon L. Flett, Paul L. Hewitt and Taryn Nepo into Turkish culture. The research was implemented on 219 university students. The one-dimensional model which was consisted of 7 items was found coherent in the confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency, item and factor analysis studies were conducted to examine psychometric properties of the scale. It was found that Cronbach Alfa coefficient is .81 as a result of reliability analysis. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample adequacy value of the scale was .828; it was concluded that uni- dimensional scale explained 47% of variance

Family caregiver emotional distress in advanced cancer: the DME-C scale psychometric properties

BackgroundFamily caregivers of patients with advanced illness at end of life often report high levels of emotional distress. To address this emotional distress is necessary to have adequate and reliable...

Effects of applicant response distortion on the relationship between personality trait scores and cognitive ability

This study examined differences in the psychometric scale properties of scores from a personality inventory as a function of cognitive ability when administered in low-stakes (incumbent employees; N = 1108) vs. high-stakes (job applicants; N = 79,339) testing contexts. Based on the idea that applicant response distortion increases trait score means and covariance and that cognitive ability is related to successful distortion, mean scores and loadings on a bifactor model were compared across groups that differed in motivation and ability to distort responses on the personality inventory. Results indicated that mean trait scores and loadings on a common factor were higher for the applicants than the incumbents. In addition, there was a positive linear trend relating cognitive ability to increases in scale scores and common factor loadings in the applicant sample; the observed changes in structure are a noted departure from what has often been found with regard to the differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis. Implications are discussed in terms of use of personality inventories in personnel selection contexts.

Understanding Change in Self-reported Undergraduate Attributes: A Repeated Measures Survey of Students in Education

Higher education learning outcomes include attributes that are conventionally evaluated by self-reported responses to questionnaire items. Important personal traits include intellectual curiosity and openness to diverse ideas, experiences, and peoples. Evaluators need evidence for the validity and stability of research instruments across repeated administrations. This paper reports a repeated measures (early and late the same academic year) factor analytic study using three cohorts of students (first-year undergraduate, final-year undergraduate, and graduates) in one faculty to evaluate the psychometric properties of scales. Confirmatory factor analysis with invariance testing identified revised models which had configural, metric, and scalar invariance across both time points. Post-graduate students were different from undergraduate students on four scales. However, final-year students became more like graduate students and less like first-year students for curiosity and love of learning. Results are consistent with assumption that having a degree is associated with acquisition of desired personal attributes.

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) psychometric properties in migrants and native Germans

BackgroundWith the increasing diversity of the German population, it is important to test the psychometric validity and reliability of the German version Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) specifically between German natives and residents with a migration background.MethodsUsing nationally representative data (N = 2527), this study conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to determine the most appropriate factor structure, a Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) to compare the validity of the two-factor structure and tested the PSS-10 measurement invariance between the German native and migrant sub-samples. Lastly, reliability of the PSS-10 was examined via Cronbach’s alpha, omega and individual item analyses across the two sub-samples.ResultsThe EFA results support a two-factor structure in the migrant sample. The MGCFA showed adequate model fit for both sub-samples and the PSS-10 is strict invariant between German natives and migrants. Cronbach’s alpha and omega for Perceived Helplessness (PHS: factor 1) and Perceived Self-Efficacy (PSES: factor 2) demonstrate good internal consistency in both German and migrant sub-samples.ConclusionsThe key conclusions are: (1) the German version PSS-10 is suitable for German residents with a migration background. (2) Despite good internal consistency for the total scale, the PSS-10 measures two aspects: (a) perceived helplessness and (b) perceived self-efficacy. Future research would profit from analyzing the two subscales separately, not only using the total score.

A short scale to evaluate supervision and supervisor competence-The SE-SC8.

There is an urgent need for instruments to evaluate supervisor competence. The current study describes the development of the SE-SC8, an eight-item version of a previously published Supervision Evaluation and Supervisory Competence scale that has adequate reliability and validity. The current study analysed data from the sample (N = 142) used in the initial validation of the full scale to identify the best set of items for a short scale before testing the scale's psychometric properties in a new study (N = 122). The SE-SC8 demonstrated good reliability and adequate convergent and divergent validity. The SE-SC8 has two overall items respectively measuring supervisor effectiveness and supervision satisfaction and six items that represent supervisory competencies, namely, (1) Openness, Caring and Support, (2) Supervisor's Knowledge and Expertise as Therapist, (3) Supervision Planning and Management, (4) Goal-Directed Supervision, (5) Restorative Competencies, and (6) Insight into and Management of Therapist-Client Dynamics and Reflective Practitioner Competencies. As with other subjective ratings, SE-SC8 scores should be supplemented by other assessments for a holistic appraisal of supervisor competence.

Child Body Concerns and Behavior Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Body Image Scale for Children.

There are few instruments with good validity and reliability for evaluating body image in children. In this study we aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale for Brazilian children. In Study 1, we developed 53 items on the basis of a literature review, previous body image scales and qualitative study. We developed the item format and response options and developed instructions for both researchers and participants. In Study 2, we used 10 experts and 21 boys and girls aged 7-11 years (M = 8.25 years, SD = 1.70) to evaluate item content and semantics. The scale went through further refinement, leading to the exclusion of some items and the modification of others. In Study 3, we analyzed the instrument's psychometric properties in 571 girls (M = 9.17 years of age, SD = 1.23) and 597 boys (M = 9.32 years, SD = 1.24) from all over Brazil, using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses with independent samples. The scale's final version for females was composed of 17 items divided into five factors; and the final male version included 13 items and two factors. Both versions presented satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, and these scales can now be used reliably with 7-11 year old Brazilian children.

Psychometric properties of the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version-EQ-i:YV in Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome.

The people with Down syndrome who are now adolescents can face a self-report questionnaire with guarantees of being answered with validity to evaluate areas of development that traditionally have not been able to be evaluated. This is the case of emotional intelligence, measured in this research with the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version-EQ-i:YV. To validate and analyse the scale's psychometric properties in adolescents with Down syndrome. A two-stage cross-sectional investigation was conducted. The inventory consists of 60 items that measure 5 dimensions. The test was administered to 644 adolescents with Down syndrome. We carried out exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The 5-factor structure of the test was confirmed. The internal consistency of four dimensions and the EQ-i:YV's total calculated score yielded high values. This new version of the EQ-i:YV represents a valid and reliable tool to assess emotional intelligence in Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome.

Perceived Value in Sporting Events (PVSP): A Further Step for the Strategic Management

The perception of sporting events spectators is a crucial area of research in the sport management field. These studies analyze different variables, the perceived value of which has gained relevance in recent years. By providing superior value to consumers, organizations can achieve a competitive advantage and guarantee their sustainability. However, a limitation found in the literature is that most of the scales used to measure it are one-dimensional or with single items, and do not provide enough information. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Value (PVSE) for the evaluation of sporting events. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 497 spectators with an average age of 36.57 years (SD = 12.23) at a basketball sporting event. The results showed the validity of the multidimensional structure of this scale for sporting events (χ2(gl) = 981.22 (284); S-B χ2(gl) = 0.93; NNFI = 0.94; IFC = 0.94; Incremental F Index (IFI) = 0.94; RMSEA (IC) = 0.057 (0.05–0.06)). Specifically, six dimensions were found to be the appropriate psychometric properties of the scale (α = 0.81). This multidimensional scale of perceived value can be a useful tool for the evaluation of sports consumer experiences, considering both the benefits and sacrifices that a spectator makes when attending a sporting event. Hence, sport managers will be able to discover how to create policies to provide more value to sports spectators, which will be reflected in the sustainability of sporting events.

Development and preliminary psychometric properties of the Rumination on Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (ROCS)

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) use various strategies in response to their symptoms. We present the development of the Rumination on Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (ROCS), a 30-item questionnaire assessing mental neutralizing, OCD symptom rumination, and, additionally, acceptance, using three scales. We provide preliminary evidence for each scale's factor structure, the scales' intercorrelations, and correlations with scales measuring depressive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and depressive rumination in individuals with OCD (n = 99). Additionally, we investigate differences on the ROCS between individuals with OCD, individuals with major depressive disorder (n = 74), and individuals without mental disorders (n = 35). We found preliminary support for three mental neutralizing subscales and one-factor solutions for OCD symptom rumination and acceptance. Reliability and first indicators of convergent validity of mental neutralizing were good; one mental neutralizing subscale particularly overlapped with depressive and anxiety symptom severity. We propose adaptations to improve the scale's psychometric properties. Our results additionally provide first indications that the ROCS assesses OCD symptom rumination and acceptance reliably and validly and that future research can use these scales with small or no adaptations. Future studies should investigate factor structure and psychometric properties in large samples of individuals with OCD.

Effect of number of response options on the psychometric properties of Likert-type scales used with children

Although Likert-type rating scales are used in a great number of early childhood studies, knowledge of how the number of response options affects the psychometric properties of scales used with children is limited. The purpose of this study is to contribute to this knowledge. Data were collected from second grade students and third grade students. Accordingly, 1,092 second- and third-graders completed a 2-point, 3-point, and 4-point version of the School Attachment Scale for Children and Adolescents. Participants came from 11 schools, different in terms of socioeconomic status. The children received the versions approximately three weeks apart. Results revealed that as the number of response options increased, the means tended to decrease and the distribution to be normal. For the 2-point version, most items were below the cut-off point in terms of discrimination indexes. Compared to the 2-point version, there was a significant increase in discrimination indexes for the 3- and 4-point versions, and the items’ discrimination indexes were high. It was concluded that the reliability coefficient increased with an increasing number of response options for all subdimensions of the scale. When the validity estimations of the three subdimensions were examined for the three versions of the scale, it was found that the 3- and 4-point versions were appropriate for the validity and that the validity of the 2-point version was weak. It was observed that using 2-point Likert-type scales with children negatively affected the psychometric properties and that these properties improved with an increased number of response options.

Psychometric Study of the Scale for the Assessment of Developmental Assets in the Neighborhood in a Sample of Chilean Adolescents

The Scale for the Assessment of Developmental Assets in the Neighborhood (SADAN) has shown acceptable psychometric properties for use in Spain and Chile. However, the original factor structure of five correlated factors and a second-order factor is not yet entirely clear. This study aimed to evaluate the scale’s psychometric properties of reliability and validity in a sample of Chilean adolescents. A cross-sectional design was used, with a sample of 2638 students (female = 49.1%) with an average age of 15.79 years (SD = 1.35). The results obtained when evaluating different confirmatory factor models show that the best structure is that of five correlated factors. We carry out a multigroup factor analysis up to the level of scalar invariance. We applied this analysis to the following groups: sex, type of school, and age. We conclude that the original version of the scale can be used in the Chilean context with slight modifications as it is necessary to deepen the validity evidence with external criteria.

الخصائص السیکومتریة لمقیاس الافکار اللاعقلانیة لطفل الروضة من (4-7) سنوات Psychometric properties of the irrational ideas scale of kindergarten child, from (4-7) years

يهدف البحث الحال إلى بناء مقياس للأفکار اللاعقلانية لطفل الروضة. والکشف عن مکونات البنية العاملية للمقياس، والتحقق من الخصائص السيکومترية للمقياس، تکونت عينة البحث من 200 طفل/طفلة في مرحلة رياض الاطفال kg1&kg2 تتراوح أعمارهم من إلى7 سنوات من مدارس حکومي، خاص، تجريبي. بنطاق محافظة القليوبية ، وتم تطبيق مقياس الافکار اللاعقلانية (إعداد:الباحثة). وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود ثلاثة عوامل هي: العامل الأول (البيئة السحرية)، العامل الثاني(أمتلک قدرات خارقة)، العامل الثالث (أتحکم بالقوي السحرية) تشبع عليها عبارات مقياس الأفکار اللاعقلانية للأطفال والبالغ عددها (27) عبارة، فضلا عن التحقق من مؤشرات الصدق والثبات للمقياس بعدة طرق کصدق المحتوي، والاتساق الداخلي، والصدق العاملي. کما تم حساب الثبات بطريقتي ألفا کرونباخ والتجزئة النصفية لجتمان وسبيرمان براون، مما يشير إلى ارتفاع الدلالة السيکولوجية للمقياس وإمکانية استخدامه بصورة موسعة. The current research aims to build scale of the irrational ideas of kindergarten child. and uncover the components of the global structure of the scale and verify the psychometric properties of the scale. The sample of the research consisted of (200) children in the kindergarten (KG1& KG2), age 4 to 7 years, from government schools, private, experimental (languages) in Qalioubia, irrational ideas (Prepared by: Researcher). The results indicated that there are three factors: the first factor(magical environment), the second factor(I have superpower),the third factors(control magical powers) that satisfy the terms of the irrational ideas scale of (27) item, as well as verifying the indicators of validity and reliability of the scale in several ways such as internal consistency, Factorial Validity and discriminant Validity. reliability was also calculated using alpha-cronbach and half-term fractions of Guttman, indicating a high