Psychometric Procedures Research Articles

The psychometric properties of the lifelong learning measurement scale (LLMS): the study of validation in higher education setting

In the dynamic world of higher education, lifelong learning is important to both individuals and institutions, and measuring it can provide insightful data for both. The purpose of this study is therefore to refine and validate the psychometric qualities of the Lifelong Learning Measurement Scale (LLMS), created to measure academic staff’s engagement with lifelong learning in higher education institutions. Using a cross-sectional study design, the current study validated the scale using rigorous psychometric procedures. The study involved 396 participants, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were analysed using factorial analysis methods. The results provide a theoretically based four-factor structure consisting of 16 items of the LLMS. Strong evidence for the validity of the scale comes from its content validity, construct-related validity, and criterion-related validity. In addition, the scale and its factors demonstrate excellent levels of trustworthiness, according to estimates of composite reliability and internal consistency. The impartial and fair use of the scale is further supported by strong evidence for measurement invariance across gender groups. In conclusion, these results confirm that the LLMS is a legitimate and trustworthy tool that can be used in a variety of research and practices related to lifelong learning in a higher education setting. Furthermore, it is important to note that further research is needed to examine its applicability in different contexts. Subsequent research on its longitudinal stability and sensitivity to different cultural characteristics could also confirm LLMS as a reliable and integrative assessment tool for lifelong learning.

Understanding employee branding capability and country-of-origin image impacts for internationalised firms

This article focuses on understanding the role of employee branding capability (EmpBCap) in leveraging country-of-origin image (COI) as a firm resource. Drawing from the resource-based theory and signalling theory, we identify that EmpBCap enhances COI as a country-specific advantage (COI-CSA). Three sets of data were gathered, with 1,060 observations of executives working within internationalised Portuguese and Brazilian firms. Using psychometric procedures and SEM, the findings show that EmpBCap capability is an antecedent of COI-CSA and exerts an indirect effect on firm performance. The article extends previous research on COI from the supplier perspective by addressing calls for COI management research and provides further knowledge on internal brand management

Proxy measures for the assessment of psychotic and affective symptoms in studies using electronic health records.

There is a lack of standardised psychometric data in electronic health record (EHR)-based research. Proxy measures of symptom severity based on patients' clinical records may be useful surrogates in mental health EHR research. This study aimed to validate proxy tools for the short versions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS-6) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-6). A cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted in a sample of 116 patients with first-episode psychosis from 12 public hospitals in Spain. Concordance between PANSS-6, YMRS-6 and MADRS-6 scores and their respective proxies was evaluated based on information from EHR clinical notes, using a variety of statistical procedures, including multivariate tests to adjust for potential confounders. Bootstrapping techniques were used for internal validation, and an independent cohort from the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne, Switzerland) for external validation. The proxy versions correlated strongly with their respective standardised scales (partial correlations ranged from 0.75 to 0.84) and had good accuracy and discriminatory power in distinguishing between patients in and not in remission (percentage of patients correctly classified ranged from 83.9 to 91.4% and bootstrapped optimism-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.76 to 0.89), with high interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.81). The findings remained robust in the external validation data-set. The proxy instruments proposed for assessing psychotic and affective symptoms by reviewing EHR provide a feasible and reliable alternative to traditional structured psychometric procedures, and a promising methodology for real-world practice settings.

Bridging language barriers in developing valid health policy research tools: insights from the translation and validation process of the SHEMESH questionnaire

BackgroundThe use of research tools developed and validated in one cultural and linguistic context to another often faces challenges. One major challenge is poor performance of the tool in the new context. This potentially impact the legitimacy of health policy research conducted with informal adaptations of existing tools which have not been subjected to formal validation. Best practices exist to guide researchers in adapting and validating research tools effectively. We present here, as an extended example, our validation of the SHEMESH questionnaire ('Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment'; In Hebrew: 'SHE'elon Muchanut Ergunit le'SHinuy'), a Hebrew-language version of the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA). SHEMESH is tailored to support implementation science projects, whose aim is to promote a more rapid and complete adoption of evidence-based health policies and practices.MethodsThe SHEMESH included originally eleven questions from the Evidence (item 1–4) and Context (items 5–11) domains. We validated SHEMESH through the following steps: 1. Professional translation to Hebrew and discussion of the translation by multidisciplinary committee; 2. Back-translation into English by a different translator to detect discrepancies; 3. Eleven cognitive interviews with psychiatric emergency department physicians and nurses; and 4. Pilot testing and psychometric analyses, including Cronbach’s alpha for subscales and factor analyses.ResultsFollowing translation and cognitive interviews, SHEMESH was administered to 222 psychiatrists and nurses. Pearson correlation showed significant and strong correlations of items 1–4 to the Evidence construct and items 6–11 to the Context construct. Item 5 did not correlate with the other items, and therefore was removed from the other psychometric procedures and eventually from the SHEMESH. Factor analysis with the remaining 10 items yielded two factors, which together explained a total of 69.7% of variance. Cronbach's Alpha scores for the two subscales were high (Evidence, 0.887, and Context, 0.852).ConclusionsThis multi-step validation process of the SHEMESH questionnaire may serve as a comprehensive guideline for others who are willing to adapt research tools that were developed in other languages. Practically, SHEMESH has been validated for use in implementation science research projects in Israel.

Measurement Scepticism, Construct Validation, and Methodology of Well-Being Theorising

Precise measurements of well-being would be of profound societal importance. Yet, the sceptical worry that we cannot use social science instruments and tests to measure well-being is widely discussed by philosophers and scientists. A recent and interesting philosophical argument has pointed to the psychometric procedures of construct validation to address this sceptical worry. The argument has proposed that these procedures could warrant confidence in our ability to measure well-being. The present paper evaluates whether this type of argument succeeds. The answer is that it depends on which methodological background assumptions are motivating the sceptical worry to begin with. We show this by doing two things. First, we clarify (a) the different types of well-being theories involved in the science of well-being, and (b) the general methodological dimensions of well-being theorising. Second, we apply these distinctions and argue that construct validation is an unsuccessful response to measurement scepticism if this scepticism is motivated by a form of methodological non-naturalism. In the light of this, the overall point of the paper is that philosophers and scientists, when discussing measurement of well-being, should explicate their deeper methodological commitments. We further suggest that making such explicit commitments might present philosophers with a dilemma.

Оценка социальной тревожности, обусловленной проведением специальной военной операции на Украине: пилотажное исследование на примере молодежи

The article presents the results of the pilot study as part of the approbation of the questionnaire of social anxiety in young people due to the special military operation in Ukraine. The study sample consisted of 239 respond-ents with an average age of 20.7 years. Women 57 %. The stages of testing included: assessment of the ap-parent and content validity of the questionnaire scales, isolation of the factor structure of the intended instru-ment (principal component extraction method with Kaiser normalization), reliability testing (calculations of Cronbach’s α for individual scales and the questionnaire as a whole, as well as correlation coefficients be-tween the three final scales), procedure for assessing diachronic reliability and convergent validity, as well as the allocation of indicative norms within the framework of the interpretation of the obtained results. Conducting psychometric procedures allowed to state the suitability of the questionnaire for research purposes. Its final structure includes three scales – general, content and social anxiety. The prospects of the study in the context of increasing the sample and validating the questionnaire on other age groups are defined.

Nurses' Work Methods Assessment Scale: a study of content validation.

To develop and validate the content of the Nurses' Work Methods Assessment Scale. Methodological study conducted between January and February 2022, based on the Quality Standards for Nursing Care and Imogene King's framework. A literature review was previously undertaken to design the scale. The content validation was carried out by 23 experts. The initial version consisted of 40 items organized in four work methods identified in the literature. In the first dimension, from ten items, seven were considered, and one was reformulated. Seven of the initial ten items were considered in the second version. The third dimension consisted of seven items. In the fourth dimension, three items were reformulated, and three were excluded, leaving seven items. The final version ended with 28 items, whose Content Validity Index ranged between 0.83 and 1. The involvement of experts has become pivotal in the development and validation of the items, providing confidence to the continuity of psychometric procedures.

Squaring the circle: From latent variables to theory-based measurement

Psychometrics builds on the fundamental premise that psychological attributes are unobservable and need to be inferred from observable behavior. Consequently, psychometric procedures consist primarily in applying latent variable modeling, which statistically relates latent variables to manifest variables. However, latent variable modeling falls short of providing a theoretically sound definition of psychological attributes. Whereas in a pragmatic interpretation of latent variable modeling latent variables cannot represent psychological attributes at all, a realist interpretation of latent variable modeling implies that latent variables are empty placeholders for unknown attributes. The authors argue that psychological attributes can only be identified if they are defined within the context of substantive formal theory. Building on the structuralist view of scientific theories, they show that any successful application of such a theory necessarily produces specific values for the theoretical terms that are defined within the theory. Therefore, substantive formal theory is both necessary and sufficient for psychological measurement.

Fear of COVID-19 among residents of Soran district

Abstract The study aims to identify the level of fear of the Corona virus Covid-19 among the residents of Soran district and to demonstrate the differences between the scores of the sample members on the scale of fear of the Corona virus “Covid-19” according to the sex variable. The sample includes (384) participants, 211 (54.9%) male and 173 (45.1%) female. In order to collect data, they are selected in a non-random, quota manner in (10) administrations in Soran district. After the psychometric procedures of the questionnaire, a measuring instrument of 22 items is prepared according to (five-likert scale). Then, by using (One Sample t. Test) law the research concludes that the level of fear of Covid-19 was low. After that, depending on (Independent Sample Test), it identifies that there are statistically significant differences according to the gender variables; females face greater fear of Corona virus in comparison to males. Key words: Fear, COVID-19, residents of Soran District

Development of a Psychometrically-Grounded Organizational Justice Scale in University Settings

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous, contextually relevant, and theoretically grounded tool for the assessment of organizational justice. The sample comprised of 250 university teachers selected randomly from major universities of Kashmir region of J&K, India. All the necessary psychometric procedures in the form of data screening, reliability analysis, and validity analysis were adopted to get the insights from the data. The preliminary analysis included data screening with a focus on checking the normality of the data set, accordingly P-P plots were plotted, and Skewness and Kurtosis values were examined and found satisfactory. This was followed by reliability analysis, which revealed satisfactory item-total correlations and Cronbach's Alpha. The other psychometric properties like exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, average variance extracted, Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio, and discriminant validity coefficients were also computed to ensure the proper standardization of measuring instruments, and all of these parameters were found to be satisfactory.

From the best practices of successful school leaders: Developing and validating the principal competencies inventory in South Korea

This study aims to develop and validate the Principal Competency Inventory (PCI), an instrument used to assess a principal’s leadership competencies that promote student learning in South Korea. An extensive review of prior work was conducted to understand the theoretical foundation related to school leadership and the competency construct of the PCI derived from the Behavioural Event Interview of principals. Then, the psychometric procedures used in developing and validating the PCI were followed. The significance of this study and its practical implications for the use of this new instrument was discussed. From a theoretical and practical standpoint, this study contributes to the school leadership field by describing development and validation procedures, identifying where evidence of the reliable assessment instrument is lacking, and utilising the advantage of the competency-based framework. Also, the analysis of this study provides international perspectives about school leadership practices, thus supplementing the prior Western-focused literature in this field. In addition, this study offers useful information for policymakers and principal leadership development program designers who want to assess and evaluate principal leadership competency.

A unified methodology for psycho-social assessment of minors: A psychometric analysis of the results

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined, on the one hand, by the need for prevention and early identification of deviant behaviors among minors against the background of the growth of epidemiology and forms of addictive behaviors among other forms of risk behaviors of schoolchildren and students, on the other hand, by the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools that have been validated by the appropriate psychometric procedures. Currently, in the Russian Federation, a unified method of socio-psychological assessment of minors (hereinafter ‘UM-SPT’) is being massively implemented. It is aimed at identifying the latent and obvious risks within socio-psychological conditions that determine psychological readiness for addictive behaviors in adolescents and young people. The aim of this study was to conduct an empirical analysis of the psychometric indicators within "UM-SPT" (e.g. reliability, validity, discriminativeness) in order to reveal the limitations of the methodology and its application in the regions. Materials and Methods. The data were processed using parametric and nonparametric criteria for communication, differences, consistency (Pearson, Student, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Cronbach, and Spearman). Various types of statistical data analysis (correlation, regression, variance, factor) were used. Statistical data processing was carried out both manually and using the Statistica software package. The research was conducted in different regions of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 5100 people. Results. The authors found that all three forms of the technique have high indicators of synchronicity, internal consistency, and stability of the results. On the other hand, the study revealed factors of result distortion associated with the age, gender and region of residence of the subjects. An analysis of descriptive statistics showed a fairly high percentage of monotonous and stereotyped responses. When comparing the results of factor analysis with the content of the basic components of an addictive personality (‘self-control of behavior’, ‘attitude to norms’, ‘focus’, ‘conflict’, ‘strategies for overcoming cultural pressure’, ‘emotional sphere’, ‘a conflict with the social environment’), ameaningful coincidence of the factor structure with the content of these components was found. A disproportionate ratio of risk and protection factors in all three forms of the technique introduces significant distortions in the diagnostic results. Conclusions. The authors revealed and described the limitations of the methodology and risk areas of its application in the regions. The main indicators of reliability, validity, discriminativeness were identified on representative samples. Recommendations for improving the inventory were proposed.

COVID-19-related stress in postpartum women from Argentina during the second wave in 2021: Identification of impairing and protective factors

ObjectivePostpartum women are a vulnerable population to pandemic stressors that challenge their psychological well-being. Thus, reliable and valid instruments are necessary to measure pandemic-related stress and to identify risk and protective factors. This work aimed to assess psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stress Scale (PSS-10-C) and associations of maternal pandemic stress with demographic, reproductive and pandemic factors of Argentinian postpartum women during the second COVID-19 wave. DesignAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2021. SettingOnline recruitment of postpartum women was carried out during the second wave of COVID-19 in Argentina. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and had the corresponding ethical approval. ParticipantsThis study was performed on 300 women, aged 18–49 years, up to 12 months postpartum in Argentina. Measurements and findingsStress was assessed with PSS-10-C, with a sociodemographic questionnaire being used to collect demographic, reproductive and pandemic variables. Statistical analysis included psychometric procedures, structural equation modeling, and multiple regressions. PSS-10-C was a reliable and structurally valid instrument with two subscales, with entire scale, Stress and Coping subscales scoring 17.31 (6.52), 9.70 (4.61) and 7.61 (2.77), respectively. History of mood disorders, pregnancy loss, and unhealthy child during the pandemic predisposed to increased stress (β > 0.10, p < 0.05), whereas having work and practicing breastfeeding promoted coping to face it (β < -0.13, p < 0.05). This situation was impaired by mood changes, loss of happiness, economic changes, fear of contracting COVID-19 -own or by a loved one- (β > 0.11, p < 0.05). Key conclusionsThe study highlighted the vulnerability of postpartum women's mental health in the pandemic context, with PSS-10-C being a useful instrument for clinicians and researchers to assess perceived stress. Targeting interventions toward women at higher risk can be highly beneficial for maternal and child health.

Tools validated for assessment of mental health and cognition in older adults of Latin America and the Caribbean: A scoping review

AbstractBackgroundThe global population is ageing, with an estimated one in five people aged 60 by 2050. Latin America is one of the fastest ageing areas of the world and accurate clinical and research assessment measures of mental health in this ageing population are needed. It is not known which psychometric measures of older people’s mental health and cognition are validated in a Latin American context. This scoping review aims to address this question and outline current knowledge and research gaps.MethodBroad search terms were defined in English then translated and adapted to Spanish and Portuguese. Databases searched included Cinahl, Medline, Embase, Scielo, Scopus, Psychinfo, EBSCO and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were validation or adaptation studies of tools for cognitive, mental health or psychosocial outcomes in older adults, conducted in Latin America or the Caribbean 1990‐2019. Titles and abstracts were reviewed blindly against search criteria using the RAYYAN application and conflicts resolved through discussion. PRISMA guidelines were utilized for reporting. Data extraction summarised psychometric procedures (reliability, construct/criterion validity, diagnostic accuracy, factor analysis etc), setting and participants.ResultsA total of 3805 articles were identified (3075 de‐duplicated) of which 526 underwent full‐text review. In total, 337 articles meeting the review criteria were identified and data were extracted. Psychometric evaluations of 138 different tools were identified, (90.3% conducted since 2006) though 46 were evaluated twice or less. Cognitive screening measures were the most numerous (n=107 45.1%) followed by depression and quality of life. Brazil had the largest number of studies (n=135). The most frequently evaluated tools were MMSE, MOCA, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Clock Drawing Test.ConclusionThe highest validation evidence was for cognitive measures. Most evidence relates to a small number of measures (cognition, depression and quality of life) originally developed in high‐income countries outside Latin America. The greatest evidence relates to, urban centres in Brazil.Though a large number of validation studies have been conducted, substantial research gaps remain. The majority of tools in current use have been insufficiently validated and their utility in clinical practice across different settings in Latin America remains unclear.

Implementation of a novel patient-reported outcomes measure for patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection.

153 Background: The long-term symptoms from COVID-19 (C19) infection in pts with cancer is not fully known. To monitor the evolution of this symptom burden over time, we designed and implemented a C19-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that integrated with a known measure of cancer symptom burden. Methods: Within the institutional initiative on C19 and cancer named Data-Driven Determinants for C19 Oncology Discovery Effort (D3CODE), pts with cancer &amp; PCR-pos C19 are invited to participate in this longitudinal study. Pts complete the EQ-5D-5L, the 13 symptom severity &amp; 6 interference items of the core MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI)+14 COVID-specific items, all scored on a 0-10 scale, 0 = none, 10 = worst imaginable. Pts complete the survey daily x 14 days from positive test date, then weekly x 3months, then monthly x 2yrs. Demographic and disease information was collected. Psychometric procedures determined validity and reliability of the MDASI-COVID. Results: Between 5/15/20 – 02/14/21, 2154 pts w PCR-confirmed C19 were invited to participate in the longitudinal study. 1282 (60%) pts provided consent and began the longitudinal completion of PRO surveys. Pts were 54.5% Female and 45.5% Male, median age 59 years (range 15 – 92). 1021 (80%) are White/Caucasian, 206 (16%) Hispanic, 113 (9%) African American, and 39 (3%) Asian. The validation analysis of MDASI-COVID instrument included the 1st 600 pts where the mean overall health rating on EQ-5D-5L was 78.3 (SD 19.6), best being 100. Highest mean (M) severity symptoms on the MDASI-COVID were fatigue (M 3.45, SD 2.17), drowsiness (M 2.50, SD 2.89), sleep disturbance (M 2.44, SD 2.99), malaise (M 2.37, SD 3.05), and distress (M 2.27, SD 2.90). Most severe (≥ 7) symptoms) reported were fatigue (21.3% of pts), change in taste (14.8%), change in smell (14.4%), malaise (14.3%), sleep disturbance (14.3%), and drowsiness (14%). showed internal consistency (Cronbach α) of the 27 symptom items was 0.957, of the 6 interference items was 0.937. Mean severity of the 27 symptom items was significantly correlated with overall EQ-5D-5L health rating (correlation = -0.45, P &lt; 0.0005), demonstrating concurrent validity. Mean symptom severity and interference showed known-group validity between pts who required hospitalization (symptom M 2.32, SD 2.09; interference M 3.29, SD 3.02) and those who did not (symptom M 1.69, SD 1.85; interference M 2.20, SD 2.64) (symptom P 0.007; interference P 0.004). Conclusions: We successfully deployed a PRO-based long-term symptom monitoring platform for pts with C19 and cancer. The validation analysis of this novel C19 specific PRO, the MDASI-COVID, aids in the quantification of the global symptom burden in pts with both cancer and COVID-19 infection. Deployment of this measure in the ongoing longitudinal observational cohort allows for in-depth understanding of the long-term symptoms related to C19 and cancer.

Psychometric validation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Quality of Life Questionnaire Sexual Health (EORTC QLQ-SH22)

BackgroundThe European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed a questionnaire to assess sexual health in patients with cancer and cancer survivors. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. MethodsThe 22-item EORTC sexual health questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-SH22) was administered with the EORTC QLQ-C30 to 444 patients with cancer. The hypothesised scale structure, reliability and validity were evaluated through standardised psychometric procedures. ResultsThe cross-cultural field study showed that the majority of patients (94.7%) were able to complete the QLQ-SH22 in less than 20 min; 89% of the study participants did not need any help to fill in the questionnaire. Multi-item multi-trait scaling analysis confirmed the hypothesised scale structure with two multi-item scales (sexual satisfaction, sexual pain) and 11 single items (including five conditional items and four gender-specific items). The internal consistency yielded acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficients (.90 for the sexual satisfaction scale, .80 for the sexual pain scale). The test-retest correlations (Pearson's r) ranged from .70 to .93 except for the scale communication with professionals (.67) and male body image (.69). The QLQ-SH22 discriminates well between subgroups of patients differing in terms of their performance and treatment status. ConclusionThe study supports the reliability, the content and construct validity of the QLQ-SH22. The newly developed questionnaire is clinically applicable to assess sexual health of patients with cancer at different treatment stages and during survivorship for clinical trials and for clinical practice.

Development and validation of a novel patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measure for symptom burden in patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection.

12113 Background: The symptom burden experienced by patients with cancer who contract the COVID-19 (C19) infection remains to be fully understood. To accurately assess this symptom burden, we developed a valid, reliable patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of C19 symptoms combined with a known measure of cancer symptom burden. Methods: Within the institutional initiative on COVID-19 and cancer named Data-Driven Determinants for COVID-19 Oncology Discovery Effort (D3CODE), patients with cancer and PCR-positive C19 tests were invited to participate in this longitudinal study after providing consent. Pts completed the EQ-5D-5L and the 13 symptom severity and 6 interference items of the core MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) plus 14 COVID-specific symptom items generated from literature and expert review. Items were measured on a 0-10 scale, 0 = none to 10 = worst imaginable symptom or interference. Demographic and disease information was collected. Psychometric procedures determined validity and reliability of the MDASI-COVID. Results: 600 pts enrolled, mean age 56.5y (range 20 to 91y). 59% female, 80% white. 78% solid tumors, 19% heme cancers. 12.5% required hospitalization for C19. Median number of days between positive C19 test and PRO completion was 17 days. Mean overall health rating on EQ-5D-5L was 78.3 (SD 19.6), best being 100. Highest mean (M) severity symptoms on the MDASI-COVID were fatigue (M 3.45, SD 2.17), drowsiness (M 2.50, SD 2.89), sleep disturbance (M 2.44, SD 2.99), malaise (M 2.37, SD 3.05), and distress (M 2.27, SD 2.90). Most severe (≥ 7) symptoms) reported were fatigue (21.3% of pts), change in taste (14.8%), change in smell (14.4%), malaise (14.3%), sleep disturbance (14.3%), and drowsiness (14%). Internal consistency (Cronbach α) of the 27 symptom items was 0.957, of the 6 interference items was 0.937. Mean severity of the 27 symptom items was significantly correlated with overall EQ-5D-5L health rating (correlation = -0.45, P &lt; 0.0005), demonstrating concurrent validity. Mean symptom severity and interference showed known-group validity between patients who required C19 hospitalization (symptom M 2.32, SD 2.09; interference M 3.29, SD 3.02) and those who did not (symptom M 1.69, SD 1.85; interference M 2.20, SD 2.64) (symptom P 0.007; interference P 0.004). Conclusions: We have validated a novel PRO, the MDASI-COVID, to quantify the combined symptom burden in patients with cancer and COVID-19. This measure allows longitudinal evaluation of COVID-19 on cancer symptom burden and provide clinicians with an accurate tool for ongoing symptom assessment and management. Longitudinal analysis on long-term symptoms related to COVID-19 and cancer are ongoing.

Suggestions for Improvement in Psychometric Corrections in Meta-analysis and Implications for Research on Worker Age and Aging

Abstract As a vital tool for advancing cumulative science and guiding evidence-based practice, meta-analysis has advanced many research fields of the behavioral and social sciences, including worker age and aging. Nonetheless, there is still room for improvement, particularly in terms of meta-analytic methods and procedures. In this article, we overview some influential meta-analyses on worker age and aging concerning their psychometric correction methods and procedures, identify potential controversies and issues, and offer suggestions for improvement, particularly in corrections for two major methodological artifacts (i.e., range variation and measurement error). We also debunk some myths that both researchers and journal reviewers may encounter regarding how to conduct psychometric meta-analyses and discuss implications and agendas for future research on worker age and aging. We hope this article will help researchers in the field of age and aging and beyond to conduct a psychometric meta-analysis while harnessing the benefits of psychometric corrections and meta-analysis.

Valuating Psychometric Procedures in Arab Educational Research Reports

Valuating Psychometric Procedures in Arab Educational Research Reports

The Effect of the Gracha Model on Developing the Cunning Thinking of the Students of the Technical Medical Institute in Physiology

The current research seeks to identify the effect of the Gracha model in developing skilled thinking among students of the Technical Medical Institute in Physiology, and to achieve the goal and hypothesis of the research, the researcher adopted the experimental method with partial control through two experimental and control groups. The researcher identified the research community with students of the Technical Medical Institute at Baghdad University, and due to the small size of the community, it was considered a community sample for the current research. In order to collect data and information and ensure the efficiency of the experimental design used, the researcher carried out a set of psychometric procedures, and after completing the application of the experiment, the researcher reached the following results: There is no clear effect of (Gracha) model on the development of skilled thinking among students of the experimental group in physiology among students of the medical institute. The experimental group that was studied on the Gracha model outperformed the control group that received the scientific material by the lecture method of Physiological Subject at the Technical Medical Institute.