Psychometric Evaluation Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Designing and psychometric evaluation of pharmacists' attitude toward ethical challenges questionnaire in pharmacy practice: A mixed‑method study.

Knowledge advancement exposes the pharmacists to new ethical and professional challenges in providing pharmaceutical care. The pharmacist's attitude towards the ethical challenges of pharmacy practice could be of great help in assessing pharmacist's ethical sensitivity. This study aimed to design a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring pharmacists' attitudes. The present study is the second phase of a sequential exploratory mixed‑method study for designing and psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire. In the first phase the questionnaire was developed using semi-structured interviews followed by content analysis. The psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire was performed examining the validity (face, content, and construct), and reliability (internal consistency and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Standard Error of Measurement) in a sample of pharmacists practicing in community pharmacies in Tehran and Tabriz, Iran (n = 504). The construct validity of the questionnaire was determined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Scale‑Content Validity Index/Average (S‑CVI/AVE) was calculated at 0.84. The results of exploratory factor analysis supported 22 items in four factors including regulations and rules, professional communications, providing and supplying medicine, and consultation and providing pharmaceutical care that are explained by a total of 49.50% of the variance. Also, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed goodness of fit indices and model fit. Cronbach's alpha Coefficient was 0.919 and ICC was 0.914. The psychometric evaluation of the present questionnaire shows a native, valid and reliable instrument to assess pharmacists' attitudes toward ethical challenges which could be a mirror of pharmacists ethical sensitivity.

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire Assessing Patient Distress from Preoperative Fasting in Cataract Surgery

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop and psychometrically validate a questionnaire to measure patient distress with preoperative fasting related to cataract surgery. Methods: In this single-centered cross-sectional study, consecutive sampling of cataract patients was undertaken immediately preoperatively from February to December 2019. A questionnaire evaluating patient distress with fasting was designed and administered. Questionnaire development occurred in an iterative process and was conducted with consultation from expert investigators and patients. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire were performed with Rasch analysis. Results: A preliminary version of the questionnaire was developed by 10 study investigators. Across five iterations of development, the questionnaire was administered to 186 cataract patients. Psychometric evaluation of the 13-item questionnaire demonstrated ordered thresholds, acceptable item calibration and fit, adequate internal consistency, ability to discriminate between three levels of distress from preoperative fasting and no notable differential item functioning. However, issues with mistargeting, clustering of items on the person-item map and multidimensionality remained. Given these concerns, 13 separate re-analyses were conducted via removal of certain items. A 6-item subset was determined to be well targeted, unidimensional, did not display item clustering and was able to discriminate between patients with high and low distress from preoperative fasting. Conclusion: A 6-item questionnaire is a valid, psychometrically robust and reliable measure for the assessment of patient distress with preoperative fasting in cataract surgery. Items include hunger, thirst, hoarseness, weakness, anxiety and nausea. Future studies should seek to validate this questionnaire across a variety of sociodemographic contexts, languages and specialties.

Assessing clinicians' perspectives about the identification and management of antipsychotic medication side-effects: Psychometric evaluation of a survey questionnaire.

Eliciting clinicians' views about antipsychotic medication side-effects may assist in understanding strategies that could enhance the identification and management of these side-effects. The present paper details the development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire that captures clinicians' perceptions about these issues. An initial item set was derived from a literature review, and then refined by an expert content validity panel that assessed the relevance of the items. The online questionnaire was distributed to Australian mental health nurses and 140 fully completed questionnaires were returned. Principal components analysis yielded two robust scales that conceptually tapped "system responsibility" and "personal confidence". These scales may be used to advance knowledge about how mental health nurses' attitudes towards the assessment and management of antipsychotic medication side-effects influences their clinical behaviour.